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Entropy
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Entropy and Thermodynamics in Desalination Systems
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Entropy and Thermodynamics in Desalination Systems

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Thermodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2020) | Viewed by 9524

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mostafa H. Elsharqawy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
Interests: geothermal energy; solar energy; transport in porous media; heat and mass transfer; waste energy recovery; CFD; design optimization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Desalination systems consume a large amount of energy to separate pure water from the dissolved matters. Whatever the separation method used to desalinate water, there is a large amount of entropy generation due to the irreversiblities processes in each process. Reducing the entropy generation will decrease the energy consumed in the desalination process. Energy and exergy analyses as well as entropy generation minimization are vital thermodynamic tools in the design and analysis of desalination systems. This Special Issue specifically emphasizes research that addresses the entropy generation and thermodynamic analysis of desalination systems, by presenting analyses of novel desalination processes, improved performance, new desalination systems, and water production techniques such as water from thin air and desalination by freezing. Other disciplines are also welcome such as salinity gradient energy, energy recovery devices in desalination systems, optimization, and entropy generation minimization.

Prof. Mostafa H. Elsharqawy
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • entropy generation in thermal and membrane-based desalination systems
  • entropy generation in renewable desalinaiton systems
  • entropy genration in new desalination technologies
  • entropy generation minimization in desalination systems
  • entropy generation mechanisms in desalination
  • energy and exergy analyses of desalination systems
  • optimization
  • performance assessment

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4635 KiB  
Article
Temperature Effects and Entropy Generation of Pressure Retarded Osmosis Process
by Bassel Abdelkader and Mostafa H. Sharqawy
Entropy 2019, 21(12), 1158; https://doi.org/10.3390/e21121158 - 27 Nov 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4091
Abstract
Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is considered as one of the promising and new techniques to generate power. In this work, a numerical model was used to study the effect of the flow streams temperature on the performance of the PRO process and entropy [...] Read more.
Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is considered as one of the promising and new techniques to generate power. In this work, a numerical model was used to study the effect of the flow streams temperature on the performance of the PRO process and entropy generation. The variation of the feed solution and draw solution temperatures, pressure difference, concentration difference, and flow rates on the power density and entropy generation were discussed. The model results were validated with experimental measurements obtained from literature and showed a good agreement with the model predictions. It was found that the power density increases by about 130% when both feed solution and draw solution temperatures increase from 20 °C to 50 °C. The feed solution temperature has more impact on the power density than that of the draw solution. This is due to the direct effect of the feed solution temperature on the water permeability and diffusion coefficient. The effect of the feed solution temperature becomes significant at higher concentration differences. Whereas, at low concentrations, the power density slightly increases with the feed temperature. Furthermore, it is found that there is an optimum volumetric flow in the channels that maximizes the power density and minimizes the entropy generation when fixing other operating conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entropy and Thermodynamics in Desalination Systems)
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14 pages, 2863 KiB  
Article
Exergy Analysis of Directional Solvent Extraction Desalination Process
by Sorour Alotaibi, Osama M. Ibrahim, Yu Wang and Tengfei Luo
Entropy 2019, 21(3), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/e21030321 - 25 Mar 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4398
Abstract
This paper presents an exergy analysis to evaluate the performance of a continuous directional solvent extraction (DSE) desalination process using octanoic acid. The flow of exergy was calculated for each thermodynamic state and balanced for different components of the system to quantify the [...] Read more.
This paper presents an exergy analysis to evaluate the performance of a continuous directional solvent extraction (DSE) desalination process using octanoic acid. The flow of exergy was calculated for each thermodynamic state and balanced for different components of the system to quantify the inefficiencies in the process. A parametric study was performed to evaluate the impact of three critical design variables on exergy consumption. The parametric study reveals that the total exergy input decreases significantly with an increase in heat exchanger effectiveness. The results also indicate that the heat exchangers account for the highest exergy destruction. The total exergy consumption, however, has a slightly declining trend as the recovery-ratio increases. There is a small variation in the total exergy consumption, within the uncertainty of the calculation, as the highest process temperature increases. When compared to conventional desalination processes, the exergy consumption of the DSE, with heat recovery of 90%, is comparable to those of multi-stage flashing (MSF), but much higher than reverse osmosis (RO). Octanoic acid, which has low product water yield, is identified as the primary factor negatively impacting the exergy consumptions. To exploit the low-grade and low-temperature heat source feature of the DSE process, directional solvents with higher yield should be identified or designed to enable its full implementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entropy and Thermodynamics in Desalination Systems)
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