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Entropy
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Entropy Production and Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics in Materials
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Entropy Production and Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics in Materials

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Multidisciplinary Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2024) | Viewed by 3954

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Iosif Gershman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Joint Stock Company Railway Research Institute, Moscow State Technological University “Stankin” (MSTU “STANKIN”), 127994 Moscow, Russia
Interests: materials science; friction; coatings; nonequilibrium thermodynamics; self-organization; wear-resistant materials; non-ferrous metals and alloys; microstructure; properties; development; research; production; operation; testing; evolution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thermodynamics is the basis of materials science. The compositions of materials and the modes of their heat treatment were selected on the basis of equilibrium state diagrams. It is believed that materials must be stable and unchanging under operating conditions. For example, materials should be wear-resistant, and cutting tool materials must have high hardness and heat resistance. An altered layer (tribofilm) is formed on the friction surfaces of materials, which provides protective functions. In other words, materials adapt to the conditions of use in order to preserve themselves. Adaptability processes in materials are continuous, as tribofilms are cyclically destroyed and restored. The formation of tribofilms and structures of materials during manufacture and operation is accompanied by various processes (phase and structural transformations, mass transfer, chemical reactions). Not all processes are accompanied by a decrease in free energy (positive entropy production); some processes are accompanied by an increase in free energy (negative entropy production). Such processes proceed intensively during self-organization, and it is those that characterize dissipative structures. Self-organization usually leads to a significant reduction in the wear rate. In this regard, it is of great importance to study not only the state of the material, but also the processes occurring in the material.  Non-equilibrium thermodynamics deals with the description of processes. The basic concept of non-equilibrium thermodynamics is the production of entropy. 

This Special Issue will be devoted to describing the methods of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and the theory of self-organization of the processes occurring in materials during their manufacture and operation. We plan to consider the possibility of developing materials with an increased probability of self-organization using non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

Dr. Iosif Gershman
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • material science
  • non-equilibrium thermodynamics
  • entropy production
  • self-organization
  • dissipative structures
  • materials
  • operation
  • fabrication
  • properties
  • microstructure
  • defects
  • wear resistance
  • tribofilms
  • evolution

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 690 KiB  
Article
Fundamental Relation for Gas of Interacting Particles in a Heat Flow
by Robert Hołyst, Karol Makuch, Konrad Giżyński, Anna Maciołek and Paweł J. Żuk
Entropy 2023, 25(9), 1295; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25091295 - 4 Sep 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1734
Abstract
There is a long-standing question of whether it is possible to extend the formalism of equilibrium thermodynamics to the case of nonequilibrium systems in steady-states. We have made such an extension for an ideal gas in a heat flow. Here, we investigated whether [...] Read more.
There is a long-standing question of whether it is possible to extend the formalism of equilibrium thermodynamics to the case of nonequilibrium systems in steady-states. We have made such an extension for an ideal gas in a heat flow. Here, we investigated whether such a description exists for the system with interactions: the van der Waals gas in a heat flow. We introduced a steady-state fundamental relation and the parameters of state, each associated with a single way of changing energy. The first law of nonequilibrium thermodynamics follows from these parameters. The internal energy U for the nonequilibrium states has the same form as in equilibrium thermodynamics. For the van der Waals gas, U(S*,V,N,a*,b*) is a function of only five parameters of state (irrespective of the number of parameters characterizing the boundary conditions): the effective entropy S*, volume V, number of particles N, and rescaled van der Waals parameters a*, b*. The state parameters, a*, b*, together with S*, determine the net heat exchange with the environment. The net heat differential does not have an integrating factor. As in equilibrium thermodynamics, the steady-state fundamental equation also leads to the thermodynamic Maxwell relations for measurable steady-state properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entropy Production and Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics in Materials)
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11 pages, 1816 KiB  
Article
The Conditions Necessary for the Formation of Dissipative Structures in Tribo-Films on Friction Surfaces That Decrease the Wear Rate
by Iosif S. Gershman, German Fox-Rabinovich, Eugeniy Gershman, Alexander E. Mironov, Jose Luis Endrino and Pavel Podrabinnik
Entropy 2023, 25(5), 771; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25050771 - 8 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1547
Abstract
Tribo-films form on surfaces as a result of friction and wear. The wear rate is dependent on the frictional processes, which develop within these tribo-films. Physical–chemical processes with negative entropy production enhance reduction in the wear rate. Such processes intensively develop once self-organization [...] Read more.
Tribo-films form on surfaces as a result of friction and wear. The wear rate is dependent on the frictional processes, which develop within these tribo-films. Physical–chemical processes with negative entropy production enhance reduction in the wear rate. Such processes intensively develop once self-organization with dissipative structure formation is initiated. This process leads to significant wear rate reduction. Self-organization can only occur after the system loses thermodynamic stability. This article investigates the behavior of entropy production that results in the loss of thermodynamic stability in order to establish the prevalence of friction modes required for self-organization. Tribo-films with dissipative structures form on the friction surface as a consequence of a self-organization process, resulting in an overall wear rate reduction. It has been demonstrated that a tribo-system begins to lose its thermodynamic stability once it reaches the point of maximum entropy production during the running-in stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Entropy Production and Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics in Materials)
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