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Fermentation
Special Issues
Solid State Fermentation for Microbial Synthesis
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Solid State Fermentation for Microbial Synthesis

A special issue of Fermentation (ISSN 2311-5637). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Fermentation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 2632

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chen Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
Interests: anaerobic digestion; biomass energy engineering; environmental microbial technologies
Prof. Dr. Yen Wah Tong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore
Interests: chemical engineering; biomedical engineering; polymers; biofuels

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a microbial process that feeds on insoluble porous solid or semi-solid substrates. Most substrates are moistened agro-industrial wastes but ensure that microbes grow in an environment with minimal or no free liquid. The SSF microbes are mainly filamentous fungi, and sometimes bacteria, with organic acids and industrial enzymes as their two main types of products. Due to its ability to convert agro-industrial waste into value-added products, SSF is a suitable tool for solid waste management, especially in biomass conversion and bio-energy development.

The SSF is considered an environmentally and economically sound industrial process because it can produce higher volume productivity and less wastewater. With the ability to minimize foreign microbial contamination and the high efficiency of enzymes, the SSF system has advantages in the recovery, quality and activity of the final product, as well as in process stability and efficiency. When testing new substrates and producing new products, statistical techniques can be used to optimize parameters and the culture medium. However, water in the SSF is embedded in the solid matrix, which limits heat and mass transfer rates. It causes technical bottlenecks to expand the application from laboratory to commercial production, for instance, when attempting to control pH and temperature through aeration and agitation or to recover final products from solid substrates on a large scale. To solve these problems, technical breakthroughs alongside deeper and more dimensional scientific understandings of microbial physiology and ecology, growth and metabolic mechanism are needed.

This Special Issue aims to publish innovative research results and review papers on SSF system optimization, developing new systems and products, scientific theoretical research and technological exploration conducive to SSF industrialization.

Dr. Chen Sun
Prof. Dr. Yen Wah Tong
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fermentation is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • solid state fermentation
  • lignocellulosic biomass
  • organic acid
  • biochemicals
  • enzymes
  • microbial ecology
  • value-added products
  • bioreactor
  • quality control and process improvement

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2075 KiB  
Article
Determination of Variable Humidity Profile for Lactic Acid Maximization in Fungal Solid-State Fermentation
by María Carla Groff, Sandra Edith Noriega, María Eugenia Díaz Meglioli, Laura Rodríguez, Benjamín Kuchen and Gustavo Scaglia
Fermentation 2024, 10(8), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10080406 - 7 Aug 2024
Viewed by 539
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is the bioprocess where microorganisms are cultivated in the absence of free water under controlled conditions. Lactic acid can be produced by Rhizopus oryzae SSF of grape stalks. During the microorganism’s growth, the temperature and water content of the solid [...] Read more.
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is the bioprocess where microorganisms are cultivated in the absence of free water under controlled conditions. Lactic acid can be produced by Rhizopus oryzae SSF of grape stalks. During the microorganism’s growth, the temperature and water content of the solid bed fluctuate, leading to areas of either dry or excessive moisture in the solid substrate. Therefore, it is crucial to control the water supply to the matrix. In this work, we obtain lactic acid through SSF of grape stalks using Rhizopus oryzae NCIM 1299. The SSF was conducted at a fixed temperature of 35 °C, with five constant relative humidity (RH) levels: 50, 57, 65, 72, and 80%RH. Mathematical models, including the Logistic and First-Order Plus Dead-Time models for fungal biomass growth and the Luedeking and Piret with Delay Time model for lactic acid production, were adjusted to kinetic curves. Growth kinetic parameters (Xmax, μmax, Tp, T0, Yp/x, and td) were determined for all conditions. These kinetic parameters were then correlated with relative humidity using a second-degree polynomial relationship. We observed a decrease in Xmax with an increasing %RH, while the value of Yp/x increased at a higher %RH. Finally, the optimal variable relative humidity profile was obtained by applying the dynamic optimization technique, resulting in a 16.63% increase in lactic acid production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid State Fermentation for Microbial Synthesis)
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15 pages, 1831 KiB  
Article
The Microbial Community in a Substrate of Solid-State Fermentation by Lentinula edodes: A Preliminary Study
by Lill Eilertsen, Malin Hultberg, Natuschka Lee, Paramjeet Saroj, Mark Swaine, Feng Chen and Shaojun Xiong
Fermentation 2023, 9(8), 736; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9080736 - 6 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1720
Abstract
Edible-fungal-based solid-state fermentation holds promise for sustainable food and biofuel production. Understanding the role of microbial communities in fungal substrates is crucial. Birch-based substrates were treated with autoclaving (121 °C, at 2 bar) or hot air pasteurization (75–100 °C), followed by incubation with [...] Read more.
Edible-fungal-based solid-state fermentation holds promise for sustainable food and biofuel production. Understanding the role of microbial communities in fungal substrates is crucial. Birch-based substrates were treated with autoclaving (121 °C, at 2 bar) or hot air pasteurization (75–100 °C), followed by incubation with and without shiitake (Lentinula edodes) inoculum. Mycelial growth was monitored by CO2 release and microbial biomass by phosphate-lipid fatty acid (PLFA). DNA sequencing was used to analyze the microbial communities. Results showed successful colonization of shiitake on all substrates, regardless of pasteurization temperatures and coexisting microbes. Total microbial respiration (CO2) and PLFA biomass showed no significant differences between pasteurization regimes. However, significant microbial differences were found between shiitake-inoculated and non-inoculated treatments. DNA sequencing revealed the dominance of Phyllobacterium, Sphingomonas, and Pelomonas genera in all inoculated substrates, while non-inoculated substrates were abundant in Bacillus spp. and Paenibacillus spp. of the Firmicutes phylum. This study provides preliminary insights into the microbial community in birch-based shiitake substrates, facilitating further investigation of bacteria involved in shiitake mycelium growth promotion and biochemical conversion for biofuel production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid State Fermentation for Microbial Synthesis)
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