Applied and Fundamental Studies of Yeast in Fermented Foods and Beverages

A special issue of Fermentation (ISSN 2311-5637). This special issue belongs to the section "Fermentation for Food and Beverages".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2024) | Viewed by 4743

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Food and Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1, Izumino, Ora-gun, Itakura-machi 374-0193, Gunma, Japan
Interests: yeast; sake brewing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Yeasts play a central role in the production processes of various fermented foods and beverages, producing not only alcohol but also other chemical compounds such as esters and organic acids. The compounds produced by yeasts affect the flavor and taste of fermented products, with different fermented products using different yeast strains that result in different flavors and tastes. Yeast strains have been bred, maintained, and distributed in response to market demands and the microorganisms that enter during the fermentation process interact with the yeast to change its metabolism, resulting in the flavor and taste of the product. In addition, genetic modification of the yeast genome can also result in different flavors and tastes of the fermented product. This Special Issue is focused on applied and fundamental studies of yeasts used in the production processes of fermented foods and beverages. In this Special Issue, I welcome reports from the fields of biochemistry, biotechnology, cell biology, culture engineering, genetics, molecular biology, physiology, etc., pertaining to yeasts used in food and beverage production.

Prof. Dr. Hiromi Nishida
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • alcoholic drinks
  • chemical compounds
  • fermented foods
  • flavor
  • kuratsuki microorganisms
  • microbial interaction
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • taste
  • yeast genome
  • yeast metabolism

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1585 KiB  
Article
Development of Potentially Probiotic Mead from Co-Fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii and Kombucha Microorganisms
by Handray Fernandes de Souza, Eduardo Novais Souza Freire, Giovana Felício Monteiro, Lorena Teixeira Bogáz, Ricardo Donizete Teixeira, Fabiano Vaquero Silva Junior, Felipe Donizete Teixeira, João Vitor dos Santos, Marina Vieira de Carvalho, Ramon da Silva Rocha, Adriano Gomes da Cruz, Juliana Maria Leite Nobrega de Moura Bell, Igor Viana Brandi and Eliana Setsuko Kamimura
Fermentation 2024, 10(9), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10090482 - 17 Sep 2024
Viewed by 249
Abstract
Mead is a fermented alcoholic beverage produced from a diluted solution of honey and yeast activity. The objectives of this study were to produce a potentially probiotic mead through mixed fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii and kombucha microorganisms and to evaluate fermentation [...] Read more.
Mead is a fermented alcoholic beverage produced from a diluted solution of honey and yeast activity. The objectives of this study were to produce a potentially probiotic mead through mixed fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii and kombucha microorganisms and to evaluate fermentation kinetics, microbial cell survival and their in vitro resistance to simulated gastrointestinal transit, color parameters and the phenolic and antioxidant potential of the product. The main results of this study show that in order to develop a potentially probiotic mead utilizing the mixed fermentation of S. boulardii and kombucha microorganisms, the best condition was a concentration of 25 mL/L (v/v) of kombucha and 0.75 g/L (w/v) of S. boulardii with fermentation for 9 days at a temperature of 25 °C. In addition, at the end of fermentation, mead with kombucha and S. boulardii presented physicochemical characteristics with a pH of 3.48, 0.67% total acidity, 18.76 °Brix soluble solids and 4.77% alcohol content. The S. boulardii and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in the mead survived conditions reproducing those of the gastrointestinal tract, with counts of more than 6 Log10 CFU/mL for both microorganisms after the intestinal phase. In the color analysis, the mead with kombucha and S. boulardii had a yellow color with the b* parameter corresponding to 35.93, luminosity (L*) equal to 76.09 and 1.82 for a*. In addition, the mead we produced contains quantities of phenolics and antioxidants. In conclusion, kombucha and S. boulardii are presented as alternative microbial sources for obtaining potentially probiotic mead. Full article
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16 pages, 2209 KiB  
Article
Naturally Fermented Gordal and Manzanilla Green Table Olives: Effect of Single Yeast Starters on Fermentation and Final Characteristics of the Products
by José Luis Ruiz-Barba, Amparo Cortés-Delgado, Antonio Higinio Sánchez, Antonio López-López and Alfredo Montaño
Fermentation 2024, 10(9), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10090439 - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 527
Abstract
The influence of selected yeast starters (Kluyveromyces lactis L39, Kazachstania humilis AG5, Nakazawaea molendinolei IG9, Candida diddensiae IG12, and Candida adriatica L30) on the fermentation and final characteristics of natural-style Gordal and Manzanilla green table olives was investigated. In both cultivars, the [...] Read more.
The influence of selected yeast starters (Kluyveromyces lactis L39, Kazachstania humilis AG5, Nakazawaea molendinolei IG9, Candida diddensiae IG12, and Candida adriatica L30) on the fermentation and final characteristics of natural-style Gordal and Manzanilla green table olives was investigated. In both cultivars, the addition of yeast starters had no significant influence on the evolution of physicochemical parameters or the final main metabolites compared to noninoculated olives. In the Gordal cultivar, K. lactis L39 originated the greatest enrichment of volatile compounds, whereas K. lactis L39 and C. adriatica L30 gave the best volatile profiles in the Manzanilla cultivar. In both cultivars, the β-glucosidase-positive strains N. molendinolei IG9, C. diddensiae IG12, and C. adriatica L30 produced no significant decrease in the total phenolic content at the end of fermentation. Although the yeast starters had a significant effect on the volatile contents of the fermented products, they did not have a significant influence on the main sensory characteristics perceived by a sensory panel. A significant linear relationship (R2 = 0.815, p < 0.001) was found and validated between the perceived bitterness intensity and the content of total phenols in olive pulp, providing a simple and objective method for the evaluation of bitterness in table olives without the need for sensory analysis. Full article
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14 pages, 2061 KiB  
Article
The Nutritional Quality of the Culture Medium Influences the Survival of Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts Co-Cultured with Saccharomyces cerevisiae
by Erick D. Acosta-García, Nicolás O. Soto-Cruz, Edwin A. Valdivia-Hernández, Juan A. Rojas-Contreras, Martha R. Moreno-Jiménez and Jesús B. Páez-Lerma
Fermentation 2024, 10(8), 400; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10080400 - 1 Aug 2024
Viewed by 710
Abstract
Yeast-yeast interactions have been studied mainly using wine yeasts. However, studies are rare for native yeasts from agave juice fermentation. Therefore, this work used strains isolated from the alcoholic fermentation of agave to study the survival of non-Saccharomyces yeasts co-cultivated with Saccharomyces [...] Read more.
Yeast-yeast interactions have been studied mainly using wine yeasts. However, studies are rare for native yeasts from agave juice fermentation. Therefore, this work used strains isolated from the alcoholic fermentation of agave to study the survival of non-Saccharomyces yeasts co-cultivated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae in media of different nutritional qualities. First, the feasibility of using simple and low-cost culture media was demonstrated to study the interactions between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces yeasts. The results presented here demonstrated the antagonistic effect exerted by S. cerevisiae on Torulaspora delbrueckii, which showed a more significant loss of viability. However, the nutritional composition of the culture medium also influences this effect. It was clear that a nutritionally rich medium improved the survival of non-Saccharomyces yeasts. Lastly, the change in the survival of non-Saccharomyces yeasts also entails a variation in the concentration and diversity of minor volatile compounds produced during fermentation. This was observed in the variety and relative abundance of compounds belonging to the most numerous chemical families, such as alcohols, esters, and terpenes. Full article
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16 pages, 1195 KiB  
Article
The Diversity of Yeasts in Beekeeping Environments and the Selection of a Culture Starter for the Development of a Mead
by Noelia Viveros-Lizondo, Pilar Fernández-Pacheco and María Arévalo-Villena
Fermentation 2024, 10(8), 389; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10080389 - 29 Jul 2024
Viewed by 648
Abstract
The biodiversity of several beekeeping environments and honey samples was studied. The bacterial and yeast counts ranged from 0.00 to 5.19 Log CFU/g and from 0.00 to 3.33 Log CFU/g, respectively, presenting significant differences between the values. Of the honey samples, two of [...] Read more.
The biodiversity of several beekeeping environments and honey samples was studied. The bacterial and yeast counts ranged from 0.00 to 5.19 Log CFU/g and from 0.00 to 3.33 Log CFU/g, respectively, presenting significant differences between the values. Of the honey samples, two of them exceeded the legislative limit established for total aerobic bacteria (5.19 Log CFU/g and 5.03 Log CFU/g). A total of ninety-eight yeast strains were isolated, with eight different species: Candida albicans, Dekkera anomala, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Z. mellis, Kazachstania unispora, Meyerozyma guillermondii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and S. unisporus. This implies a low microbial biodiversity and a low genetic variability index (D = 0.116 and 6–19%, respectively) due to the large number of genetically identical individuals found in each species. To select the most adequate strains for mead elaboration (with pure and mixed cultures), the fermentation capacity and organoleptic characteristics were studied. The best yeasts were chosen for the “pure culture fermentation” of honey (Saccharomyces spp. M11A2) and for mixed sequential inoculation (K. unispora M17A2). Both of the yeasts were isolated from honey and selected for their high fermentative capacity and resistance to ethanol. The results of the sensory analysis of the meads that were produced, in addition to one commercial product, were compared and indicated that the one inoculated with the pure culture had the best overall impression. Full article
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15 pages, 2728 KiB  
Article
Utilization of the Dicarbonyl Compounds 3-Deoxyglucosone and 3-Deoxymaltosone during Beer Fermentation by Saccharomyces Yeasts
by Anna-Lena Kertsch, Michael Brysch-Herzberg, Kai Ostermann and Thomas Henle
Fermentation 2024, 10(6), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10060281 - 28 May 2024
Viewed by 850
Abstract
In beer production, 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds such as 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and 3-deoxymaltosone (3-DM) are formed via Maillard reaction or caramelization especially during malt kilning or wort boiling, resulting in substantial concentrations in wort. Consequences of dicarbonyl compounds for yeast metabolism are widely unknown. In [...] Read more.
In beer production, 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds such as 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) and 3-deoxymaltosone (3-DM) are formed via Maillard reaction or caramelization especially during malt kilning or wort boiling, resulting in substantial concentrations in wort. Consequences of dicarbonyl compounds for yeast metabolism are widely unknown. In the present study, the handling of 3-DG and 3-DM by Saccharomyces strains from different habitats in wort and during beer fermentation was investigated. We show that beer yeast strains induced a faster 3-DG degradation in Pilsner wort and were additionally more stress-resistant to 3-DG compared to yeasts isolated from natural habitats. In fermentation experiments comparing a light wort and a dark wort prepared from malt extracts, it could be shown that high levels of 3-DM in dark wort influence the utilization of 3-DG by yeasts, and thus higher levels of 3-DG remain in the wort. Beer yeast strains showed an increased formation of 3-deoxyfructose (3-DF) with up to 220 µM, which is possibly due to a preferred metabolization of 3-DM, as indicated by the low degradation rate of 3-DG. In contrast, yeasts isolated from natural habitats produced significantly lower amounts of 3-DF. This suggests an adaptation of technologically used yeasts to metabolization of dicarbonyl compounds, possibly as a result of beer yeast domestication. Full article
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15 pages, 831 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Analysis of Sake Yeast in Co-Culture with kuratsuki Kocuria
by Karin Kobayashi and Hiromi Nishida
Fermentation 2024, 10(5), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10050249 - 10 May 2024
Viewed by 1175
Abstract
Kuratsuki bacteria enter the sake production process and affect the flavor and taste of sake. This study compared gene expression in the sake yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in co-culture with kuratsuki Kocuria to that in monoculture. Among the 5922 genes of S. cerevisiae, [...] Read more.
Kuratsuki bacteria enter the sake production process and affect the flavor and taste of sake. This study compared gene expression in the sake yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in co-culture with kuratsuki Kocuria to that in monoculture. Among the 5922 genes of S. cerevisiae, 71 genes were upregulated more than 2-fold, and 61 genes were downregulated less than 0.5-fold in co-culture with kuratsuki Kocuria. Among the stress-induced genes, fourteen were upregulated, and six were downregulated. Among the fourteen upregulated genes, six were induced in response to replication stress. Although the G1 cyclin gene CLN3 was upregulated by more than 2-fold, eight genes that were induced in response to meiosis and/or sporulation were also upregulated. Fourteen metabolism-related genes, for example, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes TDH1, TDH2, and TDH3, were downregulated by less than 0.5-fold in co-culture with kuratsuki Kocuria. The gene expression patterns of S. cerevisiae co-cultured with kuratsuki Kocuria differed from those co-cultured with lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, S. cerevisiae responded differently to different bacterial species. This strongly suggests that kuratsuki bacteria affect gene expression in sake yeast, thereby affecting the flavor and taste of sake. Full article
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