Algae Biotechnology for Biofuel Production and Bioremediation

A special issue of Fermentation (ISSN 2311-5637). This special issue belongs to the section "Industrial Fermentation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 4415

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Miyakonojo College, Miyakonojo, Japan
Interests: algae; microalgae; algae culture; water quality; phytoplankton; biodiesel production; aquatic science; biofuel production; photosynthesis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

To prevent global warming, the goal is to achieve a carbon-neutral and decarbonized society. In recent years, technologies that separate, collect and store CO2 deep underground have been developed as CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technologies. As the next step of CCS, in addition to storing CO2 emitted from factories and other sources, CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) technologies, which effectively utilize CO2 in the manufacturing of products, are also in the process of research and development. The cycling of these technologies, i.e., carbon recycling, could be a simultaneous innovation to significantly reduce CO2 and provide stable resources.

Micro- and macroalgae potentially have the ability to produce biofuels, food supplements, feed and fertilizer. These applications are directly or indirectly derived from photosynthesis, which utilizes CO2. Therefore, algal biomass is a major player in carbon recycling. Considering CO2 as the final waste product from various factories, direct or indirect product production using algal photosynthesis could contribute to the realization of zero emissions.

In addition to global warming, environmental pollution is a challenge that transcends national borders. In addition to microorganisms, algae have also been studied for bioremediation. Compared to microbial bioremediation, algal bioremediation is still in the research phase. However, from a long-term and sustainability perspective, photosynthetic organisms have the potential to outperform heterotrophic microbes. The further development of technological applications with algae is necessary to evaluate the potential of algal bioremediation.

This Special Issue will focus on algal applications, particularly those in the field of biofuels and environmental remediation technologies. Non-destructive techniques to assess algal quality, culture techniques to obtain sufficient quantities of algae, and collection techniques to recover algae or their products at low cost would also aid in achieving the above applications.

Reviews, original research and communications are welcome.

Dr. Toshiyuki Takahashi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • algae
  • biofuels
  • lipids
  • bioremediation
  • biostimulation
  • bioaugmentation
  • heavy metals
  • water treatment
  • biomass production
  • harvesting

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4460 KiB  
Article
Pile Cloth Media Filtration for Harvesting Microalgae Used for Wastewater Treatment
by Hermann Velten, Daniel Krahe, Nils Hasport, Thomas Fundneider, Ulrich Grabbe, Linda Knorr and Ulf Theilen
Fermentation 2024, 10(6), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation10060325 - 20 Jun 2024
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Abstract
The harvesting of microalgae biomass cultivated during different processes is still identified as the main driver of biomass production cost. Particularly in the field of wastewater treatment, an energy-efficient and reliable harvesting or separation method is needed to remove microalgae biomass from the [...] Read more.
The harvesting of microalgae biomass cultivated during different processes is still identified as the main driver of biomass production cost. Particularly in the field of wastewater treatment, an energy-efficient and reliable harvesting or separation method is needed to remove microalgae biomass from the wastewater after nutrient assimilation. In this study, the suitability of pile cloth media filtration (PCMF) for microalgae harvesting during wastewater treatment is investigated. A mini plate PCMF was operated over 18 months with three different pile cloth media as part of a pilot-scale wastewater treatment plant incorporating a microalgae treatment step for phosphorus and nitrogen removal. During this time, the removal rates and achievable total suspended solids (TSS) concentration in the effluent were recorded. Differences between the three pile cloth media were noticeable, with TSS concentrations ranging from 9.7 mg·L−1 to 17.7 mg·L−1. The pilot-scale data were used to determine the dimensions of a large-scale PCMF and to estimate its energy demand. This resulted in theoretical energy demands of 7 to 8 Wh·m−3 or 37 Wh·kg−1 TSS, considerably lower than the energy demand of other harvesting technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algae Biotechnology for Biofuel Production and Bioremediation)
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Review

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32 pages, 1714 KiB  
Review
Exploring the Prospects of Fermenting/Co-Fermenting Marine Biomass for Enhanced Bioethanol Production
by Mohamed E. H. Osman, Atef M. Abo-Shady, Mostafa E. Elshobary, Mahasen O. Abd El-Ghafar, Dieter Hanelt and Abdelfatah Abomohra
Fermentation 2023, 9(11), 934; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9110934 - 26 Oct 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2425
Abstract
With the rising demands for renewable fuels, there is growing interest in utilizing abundant and sustainable non-edible biomass as a feedstock for bioethanol production. Macroalgal biomass contains a high content of carbohydrates in the form of special polysaccharides like alginate, agar, and carrageenan [...] Read more.
With the rising demands for renewable fuels, there is growing interest in utilizing abundant and sustainable non-edible biomass as a feedstock for bioethanol production. Macroalgal biomass contains a high content of carbohydrates in the form of special polysaccharides like alginate, agar, and carrageenan that can be converted to fermentable sugars. In addition, using seagrass as a feedstock for bioethanol production can provide a sustainable and renewable energy source while addressing environmental concerns. It is a resource-rich plant that offers several advantages for bioethanol production, including its high cellulose content, rapid growth rates, and abundance in coastal regions. To reduce sugar content and support efficient microbial fermentation, co-fermentation of macroalgae with seagrass (marine biomass) can provide complementary sugars and nutrients to improve process yields and economics. This review comprehensively covers the current status and future potential of fermenting macroalgal biomass and seagrass, as well as possible combinations for maximizing bioethanol production from non-edible energy crops. An overview is provided on the biochemical composition of macroalgae and seagrass, pretreatment methods, hydrolysis, and fermentation processes. Key technical challenges and strategies to achieve balanced co-substrate fermentation are discussed. The feasibility of consolidated bioprocessing to directly convert mixed feedstocks to ethanol is also evaluated. Based on current research, macroalgae-seagrass co-fermentation shows good potential to improve the bioethanol yields, lower the cost, and enable more optimal utilization of diverse marine biomass resources compared to individual substrates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algae Biotechnology for Biofuel Production and Bioremediation)
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