An Issue in Honor of Yoram Avnimelech: Application of Biofloc Technology (BFT)

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Aquaculture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1426

Special Issue Editors


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Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88061-600, Brazil
Interests: shrimp; biofloc; IMTA
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Guest Editor
CSIRO, Bribie Island Research Centre, 144 North Street, Woorim, QLD 4507, Australia
Interests: biofloc; aquaponic; sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil
Interests: biofloc; shrimp; nitrification
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

text

Yoram Avnimelech is an Israeli scientist and professor known for his pioneering work in aquaculture and environmental engineering, particularly in the development and advancement of biofloc technology (BFT). He has made significant contributions to sustainable aquaculture by promoting the use of microbial flocs to improve water quality and enhance fish and shrimp farming efficiency.

Professor Avnimelech played a key role in refining biofloc technology, which uses beneficial microbial communities to recycle waste (such as ammonia and organic matter) into microbial biomass, reducing the need for water exchanges and enhancing aquaculture sustainability. His research demonstrated that bioflocs serve as a natural protein-rich feed source for shrimp and fish, reducing the dependence on expensive commercial feeds. He has written influential books and research papers on biofloc systems, including the widely referenced book Biofloc Technology: A Practical Guide Book, which has helped farmers and researchers worldwide implement BFT. In addition, Professor Avnimelech provided several training courses across the globe, and his work has inspired large-scale the adoption of biofloc technology in countries such as India, Indonesia, Vietnam, China, Brazil, and Ecuador, significantly improving sustainable shrimp and fish farming.

To conclude, we would like to share a few words from Dr. Yoram: "I am convinced that Biofloc Technology contributes to aquaculture production, minimizes diseases outbreaks, improves farmers’ viability and helps to preserve the environment. However, we need to improve and expand the training of farmers and maintain a dialog with the industry so as to produce more suitable feeds and equipment adaptable to BFT (especially aerators). I will be happy to help".  

In recognition of Dr. Yoram Avnimelech's exceptional research throughout his distinguished career, we aim to create a Special Issue to invite contributions from scholars, collaborators, and friends across the diverse fields where he has made significant contributions.

Dr. Felipe Boéchat Vieira
Dr. Mauricio G.C. Emerenciano
Prof. Dr. Wilson Wasielesky
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • bacterial community
  • super intensive
  • circular economy
  • sustainability
  • nitrification
  • heterotrophic

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 779 KB  
Article
Effects of Different Organic Carbon Sources on Water Quality and Growth of Mugil cephalus Cultured in Biofloc Technology Systems
by Julia Eva Ayazo Genes, Mariana Holanda and Gabriele Lara
Fishes 2025, 10(9), 427; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10090427 - 1 Sep 2025
Viewed by 494
Abstract
The addition of organic carbon sources in biofloc technology (BFT) systems promotes microbial community development, enhancing water quality, nutrient recycling, and supplemental feeding through microbial biomass. These characteristics make BFT a viable strategy for the cultivation of promising aquaculture species, such as Mugil [...] Read more.
The addition of organic carbon sources in biofloc technology (BFT) systems promotes microbial community development, enhancing water quality, nutrient recycling, and supplemental feeding through microbial biomass. These characteristics make BFT a viable strategy for the cultivation of promising aquaculture species, such as Mugil cephalus. This study evaluated the effects of three carbon sources—unrefined cane sugar (locally known as chancaca), refined sucrose, and beet molasses—on water quality and growth performance of M. cephalus juveniles reared in a BFT system. Juvenile mullets (4.33 ± 2.09 g) were cultured for 45 days at a stocking density of 0.03 ± 0.01 kg·m−3, with biofloc pre-matured in ex situ tanks. Most water quality parameters showed no significant differences among treatments (p > 0.05), except for nitrite concentrations, which were significantly higher in the sucrose group (p < 0.05). The highest growth performance was observed in the sucrose treatment, with a weight gain (WG) of 4.26 ± 0.51 g, an average daily weight gain (AWG) of 0.09 ± 0.01 g, and a thermal growth coefficient (GF3) of 1.27 ± 0.15 at a constant temperature of 24 °C. Bromatological analysis of bioflocs revealed significantly higher crude protein (CP: 9.8%) and energy content (Kcal·100 g−1: 3.44 ± 0.2) in the sucrose treatment compared to chancaca (CP: 5.1%). These findings confirm that M. cephalus can be effectively cultured in BFT systems using simple carbon sources. Refined sucrose, due to its high solubility and nutritional contribution to biofloc formation, is recommended for improving growth performance and system efficiency in M. cephalus production. Full article
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