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Fishes
Special Issues
Pharmacokinetic in Aquatic Animals
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Pharmacokinetic in Aquatic Animals

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Welfare, Health and Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2024 | Viewed by 1514

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ning Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
Interests: aquatic pharmacology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aquatic animals are an important source of protein for humans. On the one hand, to keep aquatic animals healthy and disease-free, some chemical compounds (antibiotics, antihelmintics, antifungals, and disinfectants) are used in aquaculture. On the other hand, due to the development of industries and aquaculture, they are jeopardized by chemical pollutants, including industrial solvents, heavy metals, pesticides, household products, fuel combustion, nanoparticles, microplastics, and prescription and nonprescription human and veterinary medicine.

Pharmacokinetics is a discipline between pharmacy and mathematics that can quantitatively characterize the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of medicines or pollutants in animals or humans. Therefore, pharmacokinetic studies about these compounds can provide in vivo information about aquatic animals to boost the therapeutic efficacy of clinical medicines and reduce the damage caused by chemical pollutants. This Special Issue aims to collect studies (original research articles, perspectives, reviews, and mini-reviews) that focus on pharmacokinetics, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling, and the physiological-pharmacokinetic modeling of aquatic medicine and chemical pollutants.

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 607 KiB  
Article
Determination of Organ Blood Flow in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Micropterus salmoides by Fluorescent Microspheres
by Ning Xu, Huan Zhang, Qiuhong Yang, Shun Zhou and Xiaohui Ai
Fishes 2024, 9(8), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9080328 - 21 Aug 2024
Viewed by 399
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to measure organ blood flow (OBF) in yellow catfish (YC, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), largemouth bass (LB, Micropterus salmoides), and grass carp (GC, Ctenopharyngodon idella) using the method of fluorescent microspheres. Yellow–green microspheres were injected into [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to measure organ blood flow (OBF) in yellow catfish (YC, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), largemouth bass (LB, Micropterus salmoides), and grass carp (GC, Ctenopharyngodon idella) using the method of fluorescent microspheres. Yellow–green microspheres were injected into the fish via cardiac catheterization using a syringe pump at a rate of 0.8 mL/min. Reference blood samples were collected from the dorsal aorta, and fish tissues were harvested after 5 min and processed for fluorescence spectrophotometric analysis. The results showed that the OBF of the heart increased significantly with the increase in temperature from 20 to 30 °C, while there was no significant difference in the OBF of other organs/tissues in YC. The OBFs of different species of LB and GC were also determined at 25 °C. In GC, the blood flow rates of the heart, spleen, kidney, liver, others, gills, swim bladder, intestines, muscles, and skin were 9.55, 1.00, 10.3, 6.92, 6.70, 6.04, 2.06, 2.81, 1.78, and 3.72 (mL/min/g), respectively. In LB, the blood flow rates of the same organs were 8.80, 2.33, 1.01, 0.71, 4.11, 2.72, 1.22, 0.54, 9.47, and 0.40 (mL/min/g), respectively. Compared to the OBFs of YC at 25 °C, the OBFs in GC were the highest, followed by LB. These results reflect that OBF in fish has significant species differences. These studies provide fundamental physiological data on OBFs in YC, GC, and LB, which has practical implications for improving the development of disciplines associated with fish physiology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacokinetic in Aquatic Animals)
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18 pages, 2953 KiB  
Article
Pharmacokinetics and Withdrawal Times of Cefotaxime in White Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after Oral Administration
by Thi Kim Duyen Huynh, Marie-Louise Scippo, Mathias Devreese, Siska Croubels, Quoc Thinh Nguyen, Caroline Douny, Thi Hoang Oanh Dang, Quoc Viet Le and Minh Phu Tran
Fishes 2024, 9(6), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9060232 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 767
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was validated in order to study the pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in shrimp hepatopancreases and plasma, as well as its withdrawal time related to a maximum residue limit (MRL) in shrimp muscle. Pharmacokinetics parameters [...] Read more.
A high-performance liquid chromatography method coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was validated in order to study the pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in shrimp hepatopancreases and plasma, as well as its withdrawal time related to a maximum residue limit (MRL) in shrimp muscle. Pharmacokinetics parameters were investigated through oral medication at a single dose of 25 mg/kg shrimp body weight and subsequent hepatopancreas and plasma cefotaxime concentration measurements at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after shrimp were fed with medication. The maximum concentration of cefotaxime was observed after one hour in the hepatopancreas (Cmax, 19.45 ± 2.10 mg/kg) and 4 h in plasma (0.184 ± 0.061 mg/L). Based on a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefotaxime of 4.13 mg/L against Vibrio parahaemolyticus (known to cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in white leg shrimp), it was observed that the time during which the hepatopancreas cefotaxime concentration was above the MIC was 23 h. An every 24 h cefotaxime treatment could thus be effective in fighting against this bacterium in shrimp. The withdrawal time of cefotaxime was determined after shrimp were fed with medicated feed once a day and twice a day for three consecutive days. Shrimp muscle was collected on day 1 and day 3 during medication and 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after medication was stopped. Considering an MRL of 50 μg/kg, the withdrawal times were 8.5 degree-days (corresponding to 6.9 h at 29.5 °C) after shrimp were fed with medicated feed once a day for 3 days and 95.5 degree-days (77.7 h at 29.5 °C) after shrimp were fed with medicated feed twice a day for 3 days. Moreover, histological analysis revealed that feeding shrimp with cefotaxime at the given dose in once- or twice-a-day treatments did not negatively impact the shrimp hepatopancreas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacokinetic in Aquatic Animals)
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