Food Irradiation

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2016) | Viewed by 49608

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Guest Editor
Research Laboratories in Sciences Applied to Food, Canadian Irradiation Centre, Institute of Nutraceutical and Functional Foods, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
Interests: nanotechnology; thin films and nanotechnology; medicinal plants and herbs; phytochemistry; nuclear chemistry; retained enzyme activity; live L. acidophilus

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In spite of the technologies developed over the last decade, the level of food loss is still high as reported in many countries. According to the United Nations, more than 30% of the mortality rate world-wide is caused by alimentary diseases. In the United States, it was estimated that major known pathogens acquired caused 9.4 million episodes of foodborne illness, resulting in 55,961 hospitalizations and 1,351 deaths. In Canada, foodborne pathogens are responsible for more than 13 million illnesses each year. Therefore, controlling foodborne pathogens in food products is of utmost importance. Also, the desire of most countries to make food safer for consumption requires better food preservation and production techniques. In this regard, irradiation is an interesting alternative to be considered. Irradiation is a process that has been used for disinfestation, for the inhibition of germination, for pasteurization or even for food sterilization. This technique is also used for extending shelf life.

Some agricultural products are important commodities in international trade. The trade of these products is often seriously hampered by infestation of several species of insects and mites. The presence of parasites, some micro-organisms, yeast and moulds are also the source of problems sometimes directly or indirectly caused by toxin formation in food products.

Irradiation alone or combined with others processes, can contribute to insuring food safety to healthy and compromised consumers (pregnant mothers, immuno-compromised AIDS patients, medicated people and ageing persons), satisfying quarantine requirements and controlling severe losses during transportation and commercialisation.

The use of irradiation for decontamination of foods is a promising technology that could be applied on the end product.

This technology also has the advantage that it can be applied on spices and cereal and on fresh, frozen or on cooked products. It is a physical, safe, environmentally clean and efficient technology.

Prof. Dr. Monique Lacroix
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • food irradiation technology
  • effects of food irradiation
  • quality and safety of irradiated foods
  • regulation and policies
  • consumer acceptance

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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866 KiB  
Article
Irradiation Maintains Functional Components of Dry Hot Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) under Ambient Storage
by Qumer Iqbal, Muhammad Amjad, Muhammad Rafique Asi, Aamir Nawaz, Samiya Mahmood Khan, Agustin Ariño and Tanveer Ahmad
Foods 2016, 5(3), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods5030063 - 12 Sep 2016
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6526
Abstract
Hot peppers used as natural flavoring and coloring agents are usually irradiated in prepacked form for decontamination. The effects of gamma radiation on the stability of functional components such as capsaicinoids and antioxidant compounds (carotenoids, ascorbic acid and total phenolics) were investigated in [...] Read more.
Hot peppers used as natural flavoring and coloring agents are usually irradiated in prepacked form for decontamination. The effects of gamma radiation on the stability of functional components such as capsaicinoids and antioxidant compounds (carotenoids, ascorbic acid and total phenolics) were investigated in hot peppers (Capsicum annuum). Whole dried peppers packed in polyethylene bags were gamma irradiated at 0 (control), 2, 4, and 6 kGy and subsequently stored at 25 °C for 90 days. The irradiation dose did not substantially affect the initial contents of capsaicinoids, ascorbic acid and total phenolics, though the concentration of carotenoids declined by 8% from the control (76.9 mg/100 g) to 6 kGy radiation dose (70.7 mg/100 g). Similarly, during storage for 90 days at ambient temperature the concentrations of capsaicinoids and total phenolics remained fairly stable with mean percent reductions from 3.3% to 4.2%, while the levels of total carotenoids and ascorbic acid significantly (p < 0.05) declined by 12% and 14%, respectively. Overall, neither irradiation nor subsequent ambient storage could appreciably influence the contents of functional components in hot peppers. These results revealed that gamma irradiation up to 6 kGy can be safely used for decontamination to meet the needs for overseas markets without compromising product quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Irradiation)
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620 KiB  
Article
Ultraviolet Irradiation Effect on Apple Juice Bioactive Compounds during Shelf Storage
by Edmundo Juarez-Enriquez, Ivan Salmerón, Nestor Gutierrez-Mendez and Enrique Ortega-Rivas
Foods 2016, 5(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods5010010 - 18 Feb 2016
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6464
Abstract
Clarified and standardized apple juice was ultraviolet-irradiated to inactivate polyphenol oxidase enzyme and microbiota, and its effect on bioactive compounds and stability during storage was also evaluated. Apple juice was irradiated with 345.6 J/cm2 and treatment effect was evaluated in terms of [...] Read more.
Clarified and standardized apple juice was ultraviolet-irradiated to inactivate polyphenol oxidase enzyme and microbiota, and its effect on bioactive compounds and stability during storage was also evaluated. Apple juice was irradiated with 345.6 J/cm2 and treatment effect was evaluated in terms of color, antioxidant capacity, polyphenol content, pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solids. Using a linear regression design, inactivation kinetic of polyphenol oxidase enzyme was also described. In addition, a repeated measures design was carried out to evaluate apple juice during 24 days of storage at 4 °C and 20 °C. After irradiation, reduction of antioxidant capacity was observed while during storage, ascorbic acid content decreased up to 40% and total polyphenol content remain stable. Ultraviolet irradiation achieved a complete inactivation of polyphenol oxidase enzyme and microbiota, keeping apple juice antioxidants during ultraviolet treatment and storage available until juice consumption. UV-treated apple juice can be used as a regular beverage, ensuring antioxidant intake. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Irradiation)
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853 KiB  
Article
Low Dose Gamma Irradiation Does Not Affect the Quality or Total Ascorbic Acid Concentration of “Sweetheart” Passionfruit (Passiflora edulis)
by John B. Golding, Barbara L. Blades, Shashirekha Satyan, Lorraine J. Spohr, Anne Harris, Andrew J. Jessup, John R. Archer, Justin B. Davies and Connie Banos
Foods 2015, 4(3), 376-390; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods4030376 - 26 Aug 2015
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6443
Abstract
Passionfruit (Passiflora edulis, Sims, cultivar “Sweetheart”) were subject to gamma irradiation at levels suitable for phytosanitary purposes (0, 150, 400 and 1000 Gy) then stored at 8 °C and assessed for fruit quality and total ascorbic acid concentration after one and [...] Read more.
Passionfruit (Passiflora edulis, Sims, cultivar “Sweetheart”) were subject to gamma irradiation at levels suitable for phytosanitary purposes (0, 150, 400 and 1000 Gy) then stored at 8 °C and assessed for fruit quality and total ascorbic acid concentration after one and fourteen days. Irradiation at any dose (≤1000 Gy) did not affect passionfruit quality (overall fruit quality, colour, firmness, fruit shrivel, stem condition, weight loss, total soluble solids level (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) level, TSS/TA ratio, juice pH and rot development), nor the total ascorbic acid concentration. The length of time in storage affected some fruit quality parameters and total ascorbic acid concentration, with longer storage periods resulting in lower quality fruit and lower total ascorbic acid concentration, irrespective of irradiation. There was no interaction between irradiation treatment and storage time, indicating that irradiation did not influence the effect of storage on passionfruit quality. The results showed that the application of 150, 400 and 1000 Gy gamma irradiation to “Sweetheart” purple passionfruit did not produce any deleterious effects on fruit quality or total ascorbic acid concentration during cold storage, thus supporting the use of low dose irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment against quarantine pests in purple passionfruit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Irradiation)
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Review

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412 KiB  
Review
World Market Development and Consumer Acceptance of Irradiation Technology
by Behnoush Maherani, Farah Hossain, Paula Criado, Yosra Ben-Fadhel, Stephane Salmieri and Monique Lacroix
Foods 2016, 5(4), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods5040079 - 24 Nov 2016
Cited by 97 | Viewed by 12545
Abstract
Food irradiation is an efficient technology that can be used to ensure food safety by eliminating insects and pathogens to prolong the shelf life. The process could be applied to fresh or frozen products without affecting the nutritional value. Presently more than 60 [...] Read more.
Food irradiation is an efficient technology that can be used to ensure food safety by eliminating insects and pathogens to prolong the shelf life. The process could be applied to fresh or frozen products without affecting the nutritional value. Presently more than 60 countries have adopted the technology. However, the technology adaptation differs from one country to another and, in some cases, consumers’ misunderstanding and lack of acceptance may hinder the technology adaptation process. This review summarizes the development of irradiation treatment worldwide and consumer attitudes towards the introduction of this technology. Also, the wholesomeness, beneficial effects, and regulation of irradiation are assessed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Irradiation)
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2205 KiB  
Review
Potential Use of Gamma-Irradiated Ethnic Ready-to-Eat Foods to Improve the Nutritional Status of Landslide Victims
by Zubaidah Irawati Koenari, Carmen M. Siagian, Bona Simanungkalit, Asti Nilatany, Indra Mustika Pratama, Deudeu Lasmawati and Cecep M. Nurcahya
Foods 2016, 5(3), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods5030053 - 26 Jul 2016
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 7113
Abstract
The safety and high quality of ethnic ready-to-eat foods as a source of nourishment and food supplies chain to the remote areas become particularly important. Consuming healthy and balanced nutritional foods means eating better quality foods in proper quantities. Such foods can be [...] Read more.
The safety and high quality of ethnic ready-to-eat foods as a source of nourishment and food supplies chain to the remote areas become particularly important. Consuming healthy and balanced nutritional foods means eating better quality foods in proper quantities. Such foods can be developed through a preservation technique by using ionizing radiation. Although implementation of the technology for certain foodstuffs has been implemented in some countries, application of the process to a complete set of meals for selected target groups is still very limited. The various recipes of ready-to-eat food rations based on soy bean, fish, red meat, and poultry, were first developed in collaboration with medium-sized food enterprises prior to quality assessments. The products were individually packed and sealed either in a laminate pouch of Nylon-PE or polyester-aluminum foil-LLDPE and exposed to ionizing radiation at 8 kGy or 45 kGy, respectively, under cryogenic conditions throughout the process, to protect the essential dietary nutrients against free radical attack, and to reduce the undesirable chemical migration from packing material to the food and oxidative changes within the food matrix containing fats. The irradiated foods were stored at room temperature without impairing the overall quality. The high quality of irradiated ethnic foods, i.e., bacem tofu, pepes gold fish, rendang beef, semur beef, and semur chicken, have been administered through an intervention study on adult groups as landslide victims in Cikadu, Pemalang for 30 days continuously at breakfast time: 7.00–9.00 A.M. The results showed that body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), skin fold caliper (SFC) (mm), hemoglobin (g/dL), and total lymphocyte counts (%) of the targeted respondents did not tend to increase (at p ≥ 0.05) after consuming the irradiated foods, while the albumin content (g/dL) showed a significant increase in blood serum (at p ≤ 0.05). Sensory attributes, such as general appearance, texture, color, taste, and odor of such foods showed good evaluation by the respondents in order to collect more information regarding local culture and eating habits, as well as the general opinion about the irradiated foods. The irradiated ethnic ready-to-eat foods were generally well accepted by the respondents, though the cost-benefit of mass production were still of great concern. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Irradiation)
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569 KiB  
Review
Phytosanitary Irradiation
by Guy J. Hallman and Carl M. Blackburn
Foods 2016, 5(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods5010008 - 20 Jan 2016
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 8458
Abstract
Phytosanitary treatments disinfest traded commodities of potential quarantine pests. Phytosanitary irradiation (PI) treatments use ionizing radiation to accomplish this, and, since their international commercial debut in 2004, the use of this technology has increased by ~10% annually. Generic PI treatments (one dose is [...] Read more.
Phytosanitary treatments disinfest traded commodities of potential quarantine pests. Phytosanitary irradiation (PI) treatments use ionizing radiation to accomplish this, and, since their international commercial debut in 2004, the use of this technology has increased by ~10% annually. Generic PI treatments (one dose is used for a group of pests and/or commodities, although not all have been tested for efficacy) are used in virtually all commercial PI treatments, and new generic PI doses are proposed, such as 300 Gy, for all insects except pupae and adult Lepidoptera (moths). Fresh fruits and vegetables tolerate PI better than any other broadly used treatment. Advances that would help facilitate the use of PI include streamlining the approval process, making the technology more accessible to potential users, lowering doses and broadening their coverage, and solving potential issues related to factors that might affect efficacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Irradiation)
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