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Forests
Special Issues
Weathering and Field Testing of Wood and Lignocellulosic Materials
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Weathering and Field Testing of Wood and Lignocellulosic Materials

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Wood Science and Forest Products".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 7210

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Boštjan Lesar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: wood; wood modification; wood decay fungi; water repellent; natural waxes; recycled wood; sorption properties of protected wood; low energy houses; leaching of wood preservatives; wood service life; outdoor performance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wood is one of the most important building materials and its use has been increasing in recent decades. When wood is used outdoors in aboveground applications, its major chemical constituents will be degraded by a variety of environmental factors. These changes affect the aesthetical and functional service life of wood and lignocellulosic materials, which cannot be fully assessed by laboratory testing. Field and weathering tests are necessary to obtain reliable data on the durability of wood. This is one reason for the many weathering and field durability tests around the world. It is well known that the micro and macro location of field and weathering tests affect the results. This Special Issue aims to present a collection of papers on all types of field tests of wood and lignocellulosic materials. Papers dealing with laboratory and field weathering of natural, treated, modified, and surface-coated wood are welcome. Papers dealing with wood moisture content or temperature or the monitoring of decay in new and historical objects are also welcome. We encourage researchers from all fields to contribute to this Special Issue, which we hope will provide new knowledge about and present reliable data on outdoor wood behavior.

Dr. Boštjan Lesar
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Forests is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wood
  • wood-based materials
  • lignocellulosic materials
  • field testing
  • weathering
  • monitoring
  • modified wood

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 5288 KiB  
Article
Performance of Iron(II)-Sulphate-Treated Norway Spruce and Siberian Larch in Laboratory and Outdoor Tests
by Boštjan Lesar and Miha Humar
Forests 2022, 13(9), 1497; https://doi.org/10.3390/f13091497 - 15 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1624
Abstract
Wood in outdoor applications is exposed to various environmental factors that cause weathering. Weathering is important, primarily from an aesthetic standpoint and predominantly in wooden claddings. However, not all parts of claddings are equally exposed to weathering. Sections exposed to UV radiation and [...] Read more.
Wood in outdoor applications is exposed to various environmental factors that cause weathering. Weathering is important, primarily from an aesthetic standpoint and predominantly in wooden claddings. However, not all parts of claddings are equally exposed to weathering. Sections exposed to UV radiation and moisture discolour faster than less exposed sections, such as wood under roof overhangs. Architects and owners seek a uniform appearance in buildings. To achieve fast and uniform greying, a surface treatment with iron(II) sulphate can be used. Such a treatment results in an appearance that is similar to that resulting from natural greying. However, iron compounds do not exert a biocidal effect; therefore, it is desirable to upgrade iron(II) sulphate aqueous solution with boric acid and quarterly ammonium compounds. To this end, spruce and larch samples were treated with varying concentrations of iron(II) sulphate and biocides. After treatment, the inherent durability, water performance and resistance dose (DRd) were determined according to the Meyer-Veltrup model. The samples were also exposed outdoor conditions. During exposure, colour changes and iron leaching were monitored. The results show that the addition of biocides does not affect the rate of colour change and the final colour, which is similar to natural greying after 36 weeks of outdoor exposure. The addition of biocides exerted a positive effect on the durability of treated wood, despite the low retention of preservative solutions. The water behaviour of the treated wood had little effect on the resistance dose, with a more considerable influence on inherent durability. The addition of biocides can increase the resistance dose up to 2.4 (Fe5B0.2Q0.2). On all spruce and larch samples treated with iron(II) sulphate and exposed to outdoor conditions, the colour change in the first week was roughly comparable to the final state. However, 40% of the iron had leached from the surface after only one week of exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Weathering and Field Testing of Wood and Lignocellulosic Materials)
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15 pages, 2534 KiB  
Article
Spectroscopic Stability Studies of Pressure Sensitive Labels Facestock Made from Recycled Post-Consumer Waste and Agro-Industrial By-Products
by Marina Vukoje, Katarina Itrić Ivanda, Rahela Kulčar and Ana Marošević Dolovski
Forests 2021, 12(12), 1703; https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121703 - 5 Dec 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2274
Abstract
To support circular economy and sustainability, the use of synthetic polymers should be minimized due to their excessive accumulation in the environment and low biodegradation rate which leads to a global waste problem. Thus, the quota of natural resources should be increased, as [...] Read more.
To support circular economy and sustainability, the use of synthetic polymers should be minimized due to their excessive accumulation in the environment and low biodegradation rate which leads to a global waste problem. Thus, the quota of natural resources should be increased, as well as the use of agriculture and industrial waste or by-products as raw materials in industrial processes. Agro-industrial wastes were found to have high cellulose fiber potential which makes them an excellent resource for paper production. This study investigates the influence of artificial aging test on the stability of commercially available fiber based self-adhesive pressure sensitive labels (PSL), in which the facestock is made of 15% agro-industrial byproducts, 40% post-consumer recycled paper and 45% virgin wood pulp and compared to ones made of biobased polyethylene. The results showed that optical brighteners are present in the composition of fiber based PSL. Moreover, the fluorescence and UV-Visible spectroscopy results indicated that by the action of UV irradiation and temperature. The oxidation of cellulose was not found by FTIR spectroscopy, indicating its high stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Weathering and Field Testing of Wood and Lignocellulosic Materials)
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16 pages, 3551 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Discoloration and Subterranean Termite Resistance of Four Furfurylated Tropical Wood Species after One-Year Outdoor Exposure
by Yusuf Sudo Hadi, Deded Sarip Nawawi, Imam Busyra Abdillah, Gustan Pari and Rohmah Pari
Forests 2021, 12(7), 900; https://doi.org/10.3390/f12070900 - 10 Jul 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2420
Abstract
The discoloration and resistance to subterranean termite attack of four furfurylated fast-growing tropical wood species were evaluated after outdoor exposure for 1 year in Bogor, Indonesia. For comparison purposes, imidacloprid-preserved and untreated wood samples were also prepared. Discoloration of all treated samples was [...] Read more.
The discoloration and resistance to subterranean termite attack of four furfurylated fast-growing tropical wood species were evaluated after outdoor exposure for 1 year in Bogor, Indonesia. For comparison purposes, imidacloprid-preserved and untreated wood samples were also prepared. Discoloration of all treated samples was measured before and after the furfurylation process. The wood specimens were then placed vertically to three-fourths of their length in the ground for 1 year, at which point they were evaluated for resistance to subterranean termite attack. After furfurylation, wood samples were darker in color than untreated wood, while imidacloprid-preserved wood was lighter. After 1-year exposure, furfurylated wood samples appeared to have the highest resistance to subterranean termite attack. These samples had minimal weight loss, indicating a substantial protection level. Imidacloprid-preserved wood had less resistance to termite attack, but was more resistant than untreated wood. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Weathering and Field Testing of Wood and Lignocellulosic Materials)
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