Value-Added and Sustainable Materials from Fossil Fuels and Related Byproducts

A special issue of Fuels (ISSN 2673-3994).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2023) | Viewed by 11553

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Interests: chemical kinetics; mass and heat transfer in combustion of solid fuels; computational fluid dynamic modeling of combustion systems for emission reduction; extraction of geothermal energy integrated with CO2 sequestration; advanced power generation methods; oxy-fuel combustion; chemical looping combustion; slagging and fouling in gasification; coal and biomass co-gasification and extraction of critical and rare earth elements from secondary sources

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The world is moving toward sustainable energy options at a faster pace. By 2040, it is expected that solar and wind will be dominant energy sources for electricity. Several automobile manufacturers have announced that they will be manufacturing all electric vehicles. These developments come with a steep increase in demand for some rare earth and critical elements. Coal and coal products such as coal overburden, underclays, sandstone, coal refuse from preparation plans, and coal after combustion are viewed as resources for these critical minerals. Coal is viewed as a source of high-value nonfuel carbon source to manufacture advanced products such as carbon fiber, carbon composites, synthetic pitch, and graphite for energy and environmental applications.

Papers including basic to applied scientific research in producing nonfuel value-added materials from fossil fuels are invited to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Sarma Pisupati
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Rare earth elements
  • Critical minerals
  • Coal byproducts
  • Coal-derived carbon materials
  • Synthetic graphite

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

25 pages, 3429 KB  
Review
Biomass Gasification as a Scalable, Green Route to Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and Synthesis Gas for Materials: A Review
by Maximilian Lackner, Qiang Fei, Shuqi Guo, Ning Yang, Xiaoping Guan and Peng Hu
Fuels 2024, 5(4), 625-649; https://doi.org/10.3390/fuels5040034 - 4 Oct 2024
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 10590
Abstract
The high externalized and still partly unknown costs of fossil fuels through air pollution from combustion, and their limited resources have caused mankind to (re)turn to renewable sources such as wind, solar, and biomass to meet its energy needs. Converting biomass to synthesis [...] Read more.
The high externalized and still partly unknown costs of fossil fuels through air pollution from combustion, and their limited resources have caused mankind to (re)turn to renewable sources such as wind, solar, and biomass to meet its energy needs. Converting biomass to synthesis gas is advantageous since it can utilize a wide variety of (waste) feedstocks to obtain an energetic and versatile product at low cost in large quantities. Gasification is no new technology; yet in recent years, biomass gasification has attracted significant attention. Due to the non-depletable nature of agricultural waste and similar biomass side streams, which have little value and can bring environmental problems when mismanaged such as methane emissions, it is possible to obtain cheap electrical or thermal energy through the gas produced with high efficiencies. Combined heat and power (CHP) is the preferred use case, and recently the focus has moved to polygeneration, e.g., to make value-added products from the synthesis gas. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis from coal-derived syngas is now being complemented by the gas fermentation of biobased synthesis gas, where microorganisms yield materials from CO/H2 (and CO2) in an anaerobic process and from CH4/O2 in an aerobic process. Syngas methanation offers an alternative route to produce synthetic natural gas (SNG, or bio-SNG) as additional feedstock for gas fermentation. Materials made from syngas are decoupled from primary agricultural operations and do not compete with feed and food production. Due to the ample raw material base for gasification, which can basically be all kinds of mostly dry biomass, including waste such as municipal solid waste (MSW), syngas-derived products are highly scalable. Amongst them are bioplastics, biofuels, biobased building blocks, and single-cell protein (SCP) for feed and food. This article reviews the state-of-the-art in biomass gasification with a spotlight on gas fermentation for the sustainable production of high-volume materials. Full article
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