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Dietary Patterns and Public Health
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Dietary Patterns and Public Health

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 7844

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jesús Francisco García-Gavilán

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
2. Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
3. Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain
Interests: nutrition; diet; Mediterranean diet; public health; lifestyle; epidemiology; obesity; diabetes; cardiovascular diseases; cognition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Indira Paz-Graniel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
2. Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
3. Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
Interests: nutrition; Mediterranean diet; omics; lifestyle; epidemiology; obesity; diabetes; cardiovascular diseases; cognition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, the importance of risk factors related to lifestyle has been established in the prevention of non-communicable diseases, the most prevalent and expensive pathologies for health systems. Diet is one of the main modifiable risk factors. It has been widely shown that following a Western diet, characterized by increased consumption of foods rich in saturated fatty acids, sugars, and sodium and decreased consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and other nutrient-rich foods, produces several adverse health effects. This situation has led governments and health institutions to join efforts to increase the promotion of healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean or DASH diets, and to make the population aware of the relevance of improving their diet.

This Special Issue aims to provide and disseminate evidence that could provide a better understanding of current issues related to nutrition and, specifically, dietary patterns, focusing on research, public health policies, and their practical implementation. We hope that this Special Issue can increase our knowledge on the effects of dietary patterns on non-communicable chronic disease prevention. We welcome original research articles reporting results from observational and experimental studies as well as reviews and meta-analyses.

Dr. Jesús Francisco García-Gavilán
Dr. Paz-Graniel Indira
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • diet
  • dietary patterns
  • Mediterranean diet
  • dash diet
  • plant-based diet
  • mind diet
  • public health
  • public health policies
  • prevention
  • chronic diseases
  • health promotion
  • lifestyle

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 263 KiB  
Article
Health Outcome Comparison Based on Dietary Inflammatory Levels among Sample of Korean Elderly
by Seul-Ki Koo and Hee-Sook Lim
Healthcare 2024, 12(10), 1003; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12101003 - 13 May 2024
Viewed by 1449
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a senior-friendly diet based on the dietary inflammatory index (DII) on the nutritional status and health indicators of older people. A total of 256 participants were classified into tertiles based on their [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a senior-friendly diet based on the dietary inflammatory index (DII) on the nutritional status and health indicators of older people. A total of 256 participants were classified into tertiles based on their DII values and split into intervention (n = 201) and control (n = 55) groups. The intervention group was provided with a senior-friendly diet, and the control group was allowed to eat their usual diet. Before and after the trial, anthropometric measurements, blood analyses, and questionnaires were completed for both groups. The mean age of the participants was 82.49 years, and 66.4% were female. On average, participants had 2.5 medical conditions, with a notable prevalence of cardiovascular disease. Following the intervention, the energy, carbohydrate, protein, and fat intakes significantly increased in the intervention group compared to pre-intervention levels. Tertile 3 exhibited substantial improvements in total nutrition score, NQ-E balance, and DII total score, as well as in triglycerides and blood glucose, attributed to this dietary intervention compared to other groups. In comparison with Tertile 1, nutrient intake and nutritional status in Tertile 3 were closely associated with significant influencing factors of the dietary intervention. For the group with the worst DII (Tertile 3), this dietary intervention greatly improved nutritional status, nutrient intake, and clinical indicators; thus, this senior-friendly diet appears to be beneficial for elderly people with nutritional vulnerabilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Public Health)
9 pages, 240 KiB  
Article
Unveiling Health Inequalities: Exploring Metabolic Dysfunction in Rural Roma Communities
by Dana Crișan, Lucreția Avram, Cristiana Grapă, Andrada Nemeș, Maria-Virginia Coman, Mihail Simion Beldean-Galea, Radu-Tudor Coman, Tudor Călinici, Valer Donca and Rareș Crăciun
Healthcare 2024, 12(8), 816; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12080816 - 11 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1175
Abstract
Background: Europe’s largest ethnic minority, the Roma, are often confronted with substantial obstacles that result in health disparities. Research indicates that there are elevated rates of both communicable and non-communicable diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), among Roma communities, often linked to living [...] Read more.
Background: Europe’s largest ethnic minority, the Roma, are often confronted with substantial obstacles that result in health disparities. Research indicates that there are elevated rates of both communicable and non-communicable diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS), among Roma communities, often linked to living conditions, limited education, or poverty. This study centers on remote rural Roma settlements in Romania, evaluating the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction, obesity, and liver steatosis while considering socio-economic and lifestyle factors. Methods: Over a period of 36 months, local visits to a total of 25 rural Roma communities were conducted, where a medical team gathered information through a standardized questionnaire and conducted a physical exam on every participant. Liver steatosis was also recorded with the help of a portable wireless ultrasound device. Results: Our study included 343 participants, with a predominance of female subjects, representing 72.5% (n = 249) of the patients. The prevalence of obesity, defined by a body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2, was 32.2% (n = 111). Arterial hypertension was found to have a prevalence of 54.1% (n = 185), with de novo hypertension being observed in 19.2% patients (n = 66). Type 2 diabetes mellitus was found in 28.9% patients (n = 99), with 19.5% being de novo cases. The prevalence of hepatic steatosis was 57.2% (n = 111/194). A positive association between metabolic features and at-risk behaviors was found. Conclusions: This study underscores the transition from infectious to metabolic diseases in vulnerable communities and highlights the urgency of targeted public health strategies tailored to the unique needs of rural Roma populations, aiming to mitigate health disparities and promote equitable healthcare access. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Public Health)
13 pages, 1663 KiB  
Article
Association between Diet and Adiposity in Adults: Influence of Sedentary Behavior Patterns
by Victor Spiandor Beretta, William Rodrigues Tebar, Catarina Covolo Scarabottolo, Leandro Dragueta Delfino, Bruna Thamyres Ciccotti Saraiva, Amanda Barbosa Santos, Ewerton Pegorelli Antunes, Isabella Cristina Leoci, Gerson Ferrari and Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro
Healthcare 2023, 11(8), 1157; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11081157 - 18 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2082
Abstract
This study analyzed the influence of sedentary behavior (SB) on the association between dietary patterns and adiposity in community-dwelling adults. Eight hundred and forty-three adults (age: 56.5 ± 18.3 years) participated in this cross-sectional epidemiological study. Dietary patterns were evaluated using self-report questions [...] Read more.
This study analyzed the influence of sedentary behavior (SB) on the association between dietary patterns and adiposity in community-dwelling adults. Eight hundred and forty-three adults (age: 56.5 ± 18.3 years) participated in this cross-sectional epidemiological study. Dietary patterns were evaluated using self-report questions regarding the weekly frequency of consumption of certain foods. Adiposity was determined using anthropometric measurements of weight, waist circumference, and height. SB was evaluated according to the time spent on screen devices. The usual physical activity level and socioeconomic status were considered confounding factors. Associations were determined using multivariate linear models with simultaneous adjustments for confounding variables. A statistical analysis indicated that fruit consumption was negatively related to the body mass index, regardless of the adjustment for SB domains. Red meat consumption was positively related to the body mass index, and fried food consumption was positively related to the waist-to-height ratio, regardless of the adjustment for SB domains. The consumption of fried food was positively associated with global and central adiposity after the adjustments for confounding factors and time spent on screen devices. We concluded that dietary habits are related to adiposity in adults. However, SB domains seem to influence the relationship between body adiposity and dietary habits, mainly regarding the consumption of fried foods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Public Health)
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13 pages, 298 KiB  
Article
Estimation of the Quality of the Diet of Mexican University Students Using DQI-I
by Diana Espino-Rosales, Alejandro Lopez-Moro, Leticia Heras-González, Maria Jose Jimenez-Casquet, Fatima Olea-Serrano and Miguel Mariscal-Arcas
Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010138 - 1 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2371
Abstract
The quality of diet can be measured using diet quality indices, based on knowledge of associations between diet and health. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether the International Diet Quality Index is suitable for use as a diet quality index [...] Read more.
The quality of diet can be measured using diet quality indices, based on knowledge of associations between diet and health. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether the International Diet Quality Index is suitable for use as a diet quality index in populations of Mexican university girls. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was conducted at the University of Chihuahua (Mexico), collecting semi-quantitative nutritional information and socio-economic and lifestyle data from a representative sample of 400 women. Mean (Standard Deviation (SD)) age was 21.43 years (SD: 3.72); 59.1% were normal weight, 26.6% overweight, 15.3% obesity. The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) was developed according to the method of Kim et al. (2003) and focused on major aspects of a high-quality diet (variety, adequacy, moderation and overall balance). The total score of Diet Quality Index-International reached 53.86% (SD: 11.43), indicating that the general diet of Mexican women a poor-quality diet. Adequacy scored highest, followed by moderation and variety. Overall balance scored the lowest. Variety: 26.3 % consumed less than 4 food groups daily, only 12.8% take more than 1 serving from each food group, and 50.6% consumed only one source of protein daily. Regarding adequacy, a large proportion of the population reported an intake of proteins, vitamin C, calcium, iron, and fruit greater than 50% of recommendation; the vegetables, fiber and grain groups were less 50%. Poor scores were obtained for total fat and SFA consumption (moderation). No statistically significant differences are observed for any of the variables under study and score of the Diet Quality Index-International: body mass index, weight, physical activity level, education level of father and mother, location of lunch, breakfast considered important, knowledge of nutrition, which allows us to consider a relatively uniform population in its eating habits. These people are close to a Westernized diet, and an intervention in nutritional education would be advisable to improve the intake of unprocessed foods, consume a greater variety of protein sources and significantly reduce consumption of sugary foods and soft drinks. Due to different methodological and cultural factors, the proposed Diet Quality Index-International dietary assessment method does not seem to be useful in the assessment of diet quality in the Mexican university population, so further research is needed to develop a diet quality index adapted to the Mexican population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Patterns and Public Health)
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