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Advances and Challenges on Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Disease
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Advances and Challenges on Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Disease

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 6 September 2024 | Viewed by 23016

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ines Villano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, NA, Italy
Interests: body composition; nutrition; obesity; metabolism; physical activity; exercise science; neurophysiology; autonomic nervous system; neuroscience; diet
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last several decades, the world has seen a sustained increase in obesity. Obesity is related to a constellation of individual risk factors for several diseases, with higher prevalence among adult populations and representing an increasing cost for public health systems worldwide. Obesity increases the risk of metabolic disease, especially diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and fatty liver disease, and seems to be linked to several debilitating disorders such as neurodegenerative disease and cancer. Obesity-related consequences accelerate the physiological aging processes with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation that can influence whole-body homeostasis and functions.

Metabolic diseases show a complex and multifactorial origin that derives from the complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, not entirely understood but is strongly related to sedentary lifestyles and unbalanced diets.

This Special Issue aims to take a multidisciplinary approach in which all topics important to gaining new knowledge in these fields could be treated. Research fields of interest include but are not limited to:

  • Physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of metabolic disease
  • The interplay between obesity and related factors that could influence health
  • Prevention of metabolic disease
  • Lifestyles, diets, and health
  • Treatment and comprehensive strategies
  • Development of therapies against obesity and metabolic disease
  • Development of approaches for the management of obesity and its associated disorders.
  • Medicine and health care research
  • Promotion of healthy lifestyles

In this way, we would like to bring together researchers and clinicians involved in the care of obesity and obesity-related metabolic disease. We hope to receive many studies on these topics; reviews are also accepted.

Dr. Ines Villano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metabolism
  • diet
  • body weight
  • lifestyle
  • inflammation
  • nutrition
  • metabolic disease
  • physical activity

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1265 KiB  
Article
Examining Age-Adjusted Associations between BMI and Comorbidities in Mongolia: Cross-Sectional Prevalence
by Khangai Enkhtugs, Oyuntugs Byambasukh, Damdindorj Boldbaatar, Tumur-Ochir Tsedev-Ochir, Oyunsuren Enebish, Enkhbold Sereejav, Bayarbold Dangaa, Batzorig Bayartsogt, Enkhtur Yadamsuren and Khurelbaatar Nyamdavaa
Healthcare 2024, 12(12), 1222; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12121222 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 578
Abstract
(1) Background: This study investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) categories and comorbidities in the context of a developing country, utilizing data from a nationwide health screening in Mongolia. (2) Methods: The study included 181,080 individuals (mean age 47.0 ± 15.3, [...] Read more.
(1) Background: This study investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) categories and comorbidities in the context of a developing country, utilizing data from a nationwide health screening in Mongolia. (2) Methods: The study included 181,080 individuals (mean age 47.0 ± 15.3, 42.0% male) from the population-based general health screening. We counted the number of diseases from participants’ medical records based on ICD-10 codes, excluding those categorized under Z00-Z99 and codes indicating acute disorders, as well as individuals classified as underweight. (3) Results: Among study participants, the prevalence of two or more comorbidities was 4.2%. The weight distribution comprised 40.4% normal weight; 37.1% overweight; and 16.9%, 4.4%, and 1.2% in the Class I, II, and III obesity categories, respectively. Comorbidities increased with BMI: normal weight (0.222); overweight (0.255); and Class I (0.290), Class II (0.302), and Class III obesity (0.303), suggesting a dose-dependent likelihood of having multiple diseases. Adjusted linear regression (beta coefficients, 95% CIs) showed increased comorbidity risks in overweight (0.017, 0.013–0.021) and obesity (0.034, 0.030–0.039). Interaction analysis with age revealed a significant effect (p < 0.001). While comorbidities tend to increase with higher BMI categories in all age-tertile groups, this association was notably stronger among younger individuals. (4) Conclusions: Obesity is associated with a twofold increase in the prevalence of multiple comorbidities compared to normal weight. Our findings also highlight the critical role of age in the development of multiple diseases, with BMI remaining a significant factor across various age groups, encompassing both younger and older adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges on Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Disease)
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16 pages, 290 KiB  
Article
Gender and Age Differences in Anthropometric Characteristics of Taiwanese Older Adults Aged 65 Years and Older
by Yan-Jhu Su, Chien-Chang Ho, Po-Fu Lee, Chi-Fang Lin, Yi-Chuan Hung, Pin-Chun Chen, Chang-Tsen Hung and Yun-Chi Chang
Healthcare 2023, 11(9), 1237; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11091237 - 26 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1406
Abstract
A previous study provided reference data on the age and gender distribution of anthropometric parameters in Taiwanese adults. However, there are very few large-scale analyses of anthropometric data of older adults in Taiwan. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to describe [...] Read more.
A previous study provided reference data on the age and gender distribution of anthropometric parameters in Taiwanese adults. However, there are very few large-scale analyses of anthropometric data of older adults in Taiwan. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to describe gender- and age-specific distributions of anthropometric measurements and anthropometry assessments of Taiwanese older adults. This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 22,389 adults aged 65 years or older (8017 males and 14,372 females) who participated in Taiwan’s National Physical Fitness Survey 2014–2015. All participants were recruited using stratified convenience sampling from 46 physical fitness test stations in 22 cities or counties in Taiwan. The anthropometric measurements and anthropometry assessments included in the present study were the assessments of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The results showed statistically significant differences in weight, height, WC, and WHR across all age groups among both male and female individuals aged 65 years and older in Taiwan. However, there was no significant difference in BMI and HC between males and females in all age groups. Anthropometric status provides an initial assessment of the overall health of the population. This study uses a representative population of Taiwanese older adults over the age of 65 for analysis and provides detailed information on anthropometric data distribution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges on Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Disease)

Review

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10 pages, 946 KiB  
Review
Obesity as a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: Epidemiology and Potential Mechanisms
by Scarleth Aburto, Mischka Cisterna, Javiera Acuña, Camila Ruíz, Sharon Viscardi, José Luis Márquez, Ines Villano, Pablo Letelier and Neftalí Guzmán
Healthcare 2022, 10(10), 1838; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101838 - 22 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1958
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection is a global public health problem, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Evidence shows that obesity is a recognized risk factor for hospitalization, admission to critical care units, and the development of serious complications from COVID-19. This review analyzes the available epidemiological [...] Read more.
SARS-CoV-2 infection is a global public health problem, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Evidence shows that obesity is a recognized risk factor for hospitalization, admission to critical care units, and the development of serious complications from COVID-19. This review analyzes the available epidemiological evidence that relates obesity to a higher risk of severity and mortality from COVID-19, examining the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that explain this phenomenon on a cellular and molecular level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges on Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Disease)
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21 pages, 1365 KiB  
Review
The Related Metabolic Diseases and Treatments of Obesity
by Ming Yang, Shuai Liu and Chunye Zhang
Healthcare 2022, 10(9), 1616; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091616 - 25 Aug 2022
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 17119
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by the abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat, affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide. Obesity is commonly associated with other metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney [...] Read more.
Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by the abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat, affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide. Obesity is commonly associated with other metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancers. Factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, overnutrition, socioeconomic status, and other environmental and genetic conditions can cause obesity. Many molecules and signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), adhesion molecules, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Commonly used strategies of obesity management and treatment include exercise and dietary change or restriction for the early stage of obesity, bariatric surgery for server obesity, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medicines such as semaglutide and liraglutide that can be used as monotherapy or as a synergistic treatment. In addition, psychological management, especially for patients with obesity and distress, is a good option. Gut microbiota plays an important role in obesity and its comorbidities, and gut microbial reprogramming by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics shows promising potential in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Many clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the therapeutic effects of different treatments. Currently, prevention and early treatment of obesity are the best options to prevent its progression to many comorbidities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges on Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Disease)
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Other

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11 pages, 524 KiB  
Protocol
Cognitive Behavioural Therapies for Weight-Loss in Adults: A Scoping Review Protocol
by Laura María Compañ-Gabucio, Diana Mancheño-Bañón, Laura Torres-Collado, Jesús Vioque and Manuela García-de-la-Hera
Healthcare 2023, 11(18), 2473; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11182473 - 6 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1272
Abstract
Obesity and being overweight are very important public health issues due to their increasing prevalence worldwide. Third-wave cognitive behavioural therapies (3wCBT) have emerged in the last few years to promote weight loss. However, the scientific evidence identifying the most commonly used 3wCBT in [...] Read more.
Obesity and being overweight are very important public health issues due to their increasing prevalence worldwide. Third-wave cognitive behavioural therapies (3wCBT) have emerged in the last few years to promote weight loss. However, the scientific evidence identifying the most commonly used 3wCBT in weight-loss interventions in adults is still needed. The objective of this scoping review will be to identify the most widely researched 3wCBT used to facilitate weight loss in an adult population who are overweight and obese, according to the published scientific literature. The search will be carried out independently by two authors in PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, using search equations that contain keywords related to our search question: (1) population: adult and elderly population, (2) intervention: terms related to 3wCBT, and (3) results: weight loss or weight management. The data extraction will be performed following the indications of the Cochrane manual, and the results will be presented in three tables. The 3wCBTs have shown promising results for weight loss, but it is not yet known which of them is the most widely used to achieve weight loss in the adult population. Thus, the results of this scoping review could guide professionals in the psychological treatment of obesity and being overweight. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges on Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Disease)
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