Mental Health Promotion and Illness Prevention in Vulnerable Populations

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Assessments".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 37196

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Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
2. Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic University of Leiria, Campus 5, Rua de Santo André-66–68, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
Interests: mental health; health psychology; well-being; hope; chronic illness; bereavement; end-of-life
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Health Sciences of Polytechnic of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
Interests: mental health; palliative care; caregivers; hope; end of life; spirituality; bereavement
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Healthy psycho-emotional aspects are a basic and necessary condition for the harmonious development of the individual. It is considered useful to learn to value emotions in the development of the individual's adaptability to different life situations and to discover intervention programs that promote social well-being, to promote proactive individual and group attitudes, and the mental health of individuals.

Poor mental health and mental and behavioural disorders are present at all ages, for both genders, and in different cultures and population groups. The perspective of building conditions that facilitate socio-emotional well-being or psychological well-being, in different contexts, translates a positive dimension of mental health—the core of positive psychology, which since the 1990s, has undergone a boom in research on happiness, optimism, positive emotions, and healthier personality traits, and that corresponds to a model that seeks personal excellence, a concept that includes dimensions, such as: autonomy, purpose of life, mastery of the environment, personal growth, self-acceptance, and positive relationships with others. Such a holistic picture also informs professionals from health, educational, and social sectors to recognize the importance and benefit of their actions for the improvement of mental health in a population, and to act as enablers, mediators, and advocates for mental health across sectors.

Given that international and national agendas determine as priorities the prevention and early intervention to mitigate the impact of mental health problems, is pharaonic to screen and identify groups at risk of mental and behavioural disorders, and promote mental health and socio-emotional well-being of individuals throughout life (e.g., children, adolescents, adults, elderly people, and other vulnerable groups).

This Special Issue of Healthcare, entitled “Mental Health Promotion and Illness Prevention in Vulnerable Populations”, welcomes original contributions of relevance to this area of research across any setting, cultural background, and academic disciplines with the hope of identifying work that will address groups at risk for mental disorders. Multidisciplinary research projects are especially encouraged. Authors are invited to submit research papers (quantitative, qualitative, case-studies, or mixed-methods studies), concept analysis papers, quality improvement papers, and review papers. We would also encourage submissions from countries or regions in which the knowledge dissemination in this field has been sparse (e.g., Southern, Central, and Eastern Europe, West and Central Africa, South and Central America, etc.). The listed keywords suggest some of the many other possibilities.

Dr. Carlos Laranjeira
Dr. Ana Querido
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • intersectionality issues
  • wellbeing
  • mental health
  • trauma, grief and loss
  • behaviours and risks
  • social determinants
  • communities
  • health behaviour and health seeking
  • quality of life
  • resilience
  • empowerment
  • social justice
  • self-efficacy
  • lived experience
  • holistic approaches
  • health knowledge, attitudes, practice
  • health literacy
  • human and civil rights
  • health improvement
  • hope
  • social inclusion and sense of community
  • social participation
  • community participation
  • mediators and moderators of mental health and wellbeing
  • education of health and social care professionals
  • stigma and ostracism
  • workplace

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Published Papers (24 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 164 KiB  
Editorial
Mental Health Promotion and Illness Prevention in Vulnerable Populations
by Carlos Laranjeira and Ana Querido
Healthcare 2024, 12(5), 554; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12050554 - 28 Feb 2024
Viewed by 849
Abstract
Several cases of social and health inequity have occurred in recent centuries [...] Full article

Research

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21 pages, 331 KiB  
Article
Quality of Life and Incidence of Clinical Signs and Symptoms among Caregivers of Persons with Mental Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Vasiliki Oikonomou, Evgenia Gkintoni, Constantinos Halkiopoulos and Evangelos C. Karademas
Healthcare 2024, 12(2), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12020269 - 20 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1124
Abstract
Background: Caring for individuals with mental disorders poses significant challenges for caregivers, often leading to compromised quality of life and mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression. This study aims to assess the extent of these challenges among caregivers in Greece, [...] Read more.
Background: Caring for individuals with mental disorders poses significant challenges for caregivers, often leading to compromised quality of life and mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression. This study aims to assess the extent of these challenges among caregivers in Greece, identifying which demographic factors influence their well-being. Method: A total of 157 caregivers were surveyed using the SF-12 Health Survey for quality-of-life assessment and the DASS-21 questionnaire for evaluating stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms. t-tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and regression analyses were applied to understand the associations between demographics, quality of life, and mental health outcomes. Results: The study found that caregivers, especially women and younger individuals, faced high levels of mental health challenges. Marital status, educational level, and employment status also significantly influenced caregivers’ well-being. Depression was the most significant factor negatively correlating with the mental component of quality of life. The magnitude of the burden experienced by caregivers highlighted the urgency for targeted social and financial support, as well as strategic treatment programs that consider caregiver well-being. Conclusions: Caregivers of individuals with mental disorders endure significant stress, anxiety, and depression, influencing their quality of life. Demographic factors such as age, gender, marital status, education, and employment status have notable impacts. Findings emphasize the need for society-wide recognition of caregivers’ roles and the creation of comprehensive support and intervention programs to alleviate their burden, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Full article
14 pages, 835 KiB  
Article
Novel Telehealth Adaptations for Evidence-Based Outpatient Suicide Treatment: Feasibility and Effectiveness of the Crisis Care Program
by J. Conor O’Neill, Erin T. O’Callaghan, Scott Sullivan and Mirène Winsberg
Healthcare 2023, 11(24), 3158; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11243158 - 13 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2112
Abstract
Background: Suicide rates in the United States have escalated dramatically over the past 20 years and remain a leading cause of death. Access to evidenced-based care is limited, and telehealth is well-positioned to offer novel care solutions. The Crisis Care program is a [...] Read more.
Background: Suicide rates in the United States have escalated dramatically over the past 20 years and remain a leading cause of death. Access to evidenced-based care is limited, and telehealth is well-positioned to offer novel care solutions. The Crisis Care program is a suicide-specific treatment program delivered within a national outpatient telehealth setting using a digitally adapted version of the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) as the framework of care. This study investigates the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of Crisis Care as scalable suicide-specific treatment model. Methods: Patient engagement, symptom reduction, and care outcomes were examined among a cohort of patients (n = 130) over 16 weeks. The feasibility of implementation was assessed through patient engagement. Clinical outcomes were measured with PHQ-9, GAD-7, and the CAMS SSF-4 rating scales. Results: Over 85% of enrolled patients were approved for Crisis Care at intake, and 83% went on to complete at least four sessions (the minimum required to graduate). All patient subgroups experienced declines in depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation frequency, and suicide-specific risk factors. Conclusions: Results support the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of Crisis Care as a suicide-specific care solution that can be delivered within a stepped-care model in an outpatient telehealth setting. Full article
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12 pages, 830 KiB  
Article
Relationship between Subjective Health, the Engel Coefficient, Employment, Personal Assets, and Quality of Life for Korean People with Disabilities
by Kyung-A Sun and Joonho Moon
Healthcare 2023, 11(22), 2994; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11222994 - 19 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 882
Abstract
The aim of this research is to examine the effect of subjective health on the quality of life of Korean people with disabilities. The second goal of this study is to examine the effect of the Engel coefficient on quality of life. Additionally, [...] Read more.
The aim of this research is to examine the effect of subjective health on the quality of life of Korean people with disabilities. The second goal of this study is to examine the effect of the Engel coefficient on quality of life. Additionally, this study is conducted to inspect the effect of employment and personal assets on quality of life. Further, in this work, the moderating effect of personal assets on the association between employment and quality of life for people with a disability is explored. The Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled served as the source of data. The study period ranges from 2016 to 2018. To test the research hypotheses, this study adopted econometric analyses, namely, ordinary least squares, fixed effect, and random effect models. The results revealed that the quality of life for people with disabilities is positively influenced by subjective health, employment, and personal assets. In contrast, the Engel coefficient exerts a negative impact on quality of life. Plus, the finding indicates that personal assets negatively moderate the relationship between employment and quality of life for people with disabilities. This research is aimed at presenting policy implications for the welfare of people with disabilities. Full article
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14 pages, 885 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Reciprocal Relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Function among Chinese Older Adults
by Jiehua Lu and Yunchen Ruan
Healthcare 2023, 11(21), 2880; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11212880 - 1 Nov 2023
Viewed by 997
Abstract
(1) Objectives: This study aims to investigate the bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive function among older adults in China, addressing a research gap in the context of developing nations. (2) Methods: A total of 3813 adults aged 60 and older participating [...] Read more.
(1) Objectives: This study aims to investigate the bidirectional relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive function among older adults in China, addressing a research gap in the context of developing nations. (2) Methods: A total of 3813 adults aged 60 and older participating in 2013, 2015, and 2018 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included. A fixed-effects model and cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) was utilized. (3) Results: First, the results indicated that a significant negative correlation existed between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in older adults during the study period (β = −0.084, p < 0.001). Second, after controlling for unobserved confounding factors, the deterioration and improvement of depressive symptoms still significantly affected cognitive function (β = −0.055, p < 0.001). Third, using the cross-lagged panel model, we observed a reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms (Dep) and cognitive function (Cog) among Chinese older adults (Dep2013 → Cog2015, β = −0.025, p < 0.01; Dep2015 → Cog2018, β = −0.028, p < 0.001; Cog2013 → Dep2015, β = −0.079, p < 0.01; Cog2015 → Dep2018, β = −0.085, p < 0.01). (4) Discussion: The reciprocal relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning in older adults emphasizes the need for integrated public health policies and clinical interventions, to develop comprehensive intervention strategies that simultaneously address depressive symptoms and cognitive decline. Full article
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16 pages, 975 KiB  
Article
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Depressive Disorder with Postpartum Onset: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Livia Ciolac, Marius Lucian Craina, Virgil Radu Enatescu, Anca Tudor, Elena Silvia Bernad, Razvan Nitu, Lavinia Hogea, Lioara Boscu, Brenda-Cristiana Bernad, Madalina Otilia Timircan, Valeria Ciolac, Cristian-Octavian Nediglea and Anca Laura Maghiari
Healthcare 2023, 11(21), 2857; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11212857 - 30 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1142
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has led to a global health crisis that is defining for our times and one of the greatest challenges to emerge since World War II. The potential impact of the pandemic on mental health should not be overlooked, especially among vulnerable [...] Read more.
Background: COVID-19 has led to a global health crisis that is defining for our times and one of the greatest challenges to emerge since World War II. The potential impact of the pandemic on mental health should not be overlooked, especially among vulnerable populations such as women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The study is a cross-sectional survey conducted from 1 March 2020 to 1 March 2023, during the period of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, based on a retrospective evaluation of 860 postpartum women. The screening tool used to assess symptoms of postpartum depression was the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Rating Scale (EPDS) questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed both in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinical Sections I and II of the “Pius Brînzeu” County Emergency Hospital in Timisoara, Romania, and online using Google Forms. Results: The highest severity of postpartum depression symptoms was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the study conducted during the period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (COVID-19) showed that the prevalence of major postpartum depressive disorder (EPDS ≥ 13) was 54.2% (466 patients), while 15.6% (134) had minor depressive disorder (10 < EPDS ≤ 12) in the first year after delivery. Comparing these results with those obtained in research conducted before the onset of the pandemic period showed an alarming increase in the prevalence of postpartum depression. The risk factors associated with postpartum depression included the type of delivery, level of education, socio-economic conditions, health status, age, background, and personal obstetric history (number of abortions on demand, parity). Conclusions: The effects of the pandemic on mental health are of particular concern for women in the first year after childbirth. Observing these challenges and developing effective measures to prepare our health system early can be of great help for similar situations in the future. This will help and facilitate effective mental health screening for postpartum women, promoting maternal and child health. Full article
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19 pages, 2626 KiB  
Article
Psychometric Properties of the Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale in Algeria
by Aiche Sabah, Musheer A. Aljaberi, Kuo-Hsin Lee and Chung-Ying Lin
Healthcare 2023, 11(19), 2691; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11192691 - 8 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1192
Abstract
The Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale is a tool utilized to assess the effectiveness of a family as a functioning system. The scale has a single-factor structure with good validity and reliability. However, there is a shortage of psychometric evidence of the scale [...] Read more.
The Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale is a tool utilized to assess the effectiveness of a family as a functioning system. The scale has a single-factor structure with good validity and reliability. However, there is a shortage of psychometric evidence of the scale in an Arab context. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale among Algerian students. A cross-sectional study was conducted to recruit 300 students from Algerian universities. The students completed the 20-item Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale, Arabic version, to measure their beliefs regarding collective efficacy within families. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the Rasch model were employed to assess the psychometric properties and unidimensionality of the scale. Both CFA and Rasch findings supported the single-factor structure for the Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale. Specifically, the CFA indicated that the data aligned with a one-dimensional model. The Rasch analysis revealed favorable indicators of unidimensionality for the scale. Moreover, a thorough examination of the Principal Component Analysis of the Rasch residuals confirmed the existence of a single dimension, which is consistent with the original structure of the Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale. These findings provide scientific evidence for the validity and unidimensional nature of the Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale. Specifically, the satisfactory psychometric properties findings indicate that the Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale could be applied in an Arab context (i.e., in Algerian). The scale’s unidimensional structure underscores its effectiveness in measuring beliefs in collective efficacy within families. These results enhance our understanding of family dynamics and provide a reliable measurement tool for assessing family efficacy in similar cultural contexts. Full article
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17 pages, 540 KiB  
Article
“Feeling Trapped in Prison” Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perceptions and Practices among Healthcare Workers and Prison Staff from a Brazilian Maximum Security Unit
by Wanessa Cristina Baccon, Maria Aparecida Salci, Lígia Carreira, Adriana Martins Gallo, Francielle Renata Danielli Martins Marques and Carlos Laranjeira
Healthcare 2023, 11(17), 2451; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11172451 - 1 Sep 2023
Viewed by 896
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had several repercussions on prison staff, but the currently available evidence has mainly ignored these effects. This qualitative study aimed to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the prison system through the narratives of health and security professionals, using the [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic had several repercussions on prison staff, but the currently available evidence has mainly ignored these effects. This qualitative study aimed to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the prison system through the narratives of health and security professionals, using the methodological framework of the constructivist grounded theory proposed by Charmaz. The sample included 10 healthcare workers and 10 security professionals. Data collection took place between October and November 2022 through individual in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using the MaxQDA software. Three categories of interrelated data emerged: (1) “Confrontation and disruption” caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the prison system; (2) “Between disinfodemic and solicitude” referring to the tension between information management and the practice of care centered on the needs of inmates; and, finally, (3) “Reorganization and mitigation strategies during the fight against COVID-19”. Continuous education and the development of specific skills are essential to enable professionals to face the challenges and complex demands that arise in prison contexts. The daily routines professionals had previously taken for granted were disrupted by COVID-19. Thus, investing in adequate training and emotional support programs is crucial to promote the resilience and well-being of these professionals, ensuring an efficient and quality response to critical events. Full article
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11 pages, 450 KiB  
Article
Effects of Psychotherapy on the Problem Behaviors of Humidifier Disinfectant Survivors: The Role of Individual Characteristics and Adaptive Functioning
by Min Joo Lee, Yubin Chung, Soeun Hong, Hun-Ju Lee, Gippeum Park and Sang Min Lee
Healthcare 2023, 11(15), 2179; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11152179 - 1 Aug 2023
Viewed by 814
Abstract
This study aimed to examine group differences in the survivors of humidifier damage and the effect of individual psychotherapy on the psychological symptoms of the survivor groups, using the single group pre–post study design. A series of Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests were conducted to investigate [...] Read more.
This study aimed to examine group differences in the survivors of humidifier damage and the effect of individual psychotherapy on the psychological symptoms of the survivor groups, using the single group pre–post study design. A series of Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney tests were conducted to investigate the level of psychological problems before and after psychotherapy, as well as the main and interaction effects of demographic characteristics and adaptive functioning on the treatment effects in 69 humidifier disinfectant survivors. The results demonstrated significant differences in problems with socioeconomic status (SES), life functioning, friendships, family relationships, and job adjustment in the survivor groups. Groups with high SES, low life functioning, and poor friend relationships had more problem behaviors than other groups. Problem behaviors related to friendship levels were different before and after psychotherapy. After psychotherapy, individuals with limited social connections exhibited a greater decrease in problem behaviors compared to those with strong friendships. This paper extends the international literature on the long-term consequences of environmental health hazards and the importance of tailored mental health interventions. Full article
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14 pages, 499 KiB  
Article
The Prospective Effects of Coping Strategies on Mental Health and Resilience at Five Months after HSCT
by Maya Corman, Michael Dambrun, Marie-Thérèse Rubio, Aurélie Cabrespine, Isabelle Brindel, Jacques-Olivier Bay and Régis Peffault de La Tour
Healthcare 2023, 11(13), 1975; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11131975 - 7 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1146
Abstract
Objectives: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a stressful event that engenders psychological distress. This study examines the prospective effects of coping strategies during hospitalization on resilience and on various mental-health dimensions at five months after transplantation. Methods. One hundred and seventy patients [...] Read more.
Objectives: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a stressful event that engenders psychological distress. This study examines the prospective effects of coping strategies during hospitalization on resilience and on various mental-health dimensions at five months after transplantation. Methods. One hundred and seventy patients (Mage = 52.24, SD = 13.25) completed a questionnaire assessing adjustment strategies during hospitalization, and 91 filled out a questionnaire five months after HSCT (Mage = 51.61, SD = 12.93). Results: Multiple regression analyses showed that a fighting spirit strategy positively predicted resilience (p < 0.05), whereas anxious preoccupations predicted anxiety (p < 0.05), poorer mental QoL (p < 0.01), and were associated with an increased risk of developing PTSD (OR = 3.27, p < 0.01; 95% CI: 1.36, 7.84) at five months after transplantation. Hopelessness, avoidance, and denial coping strategies were not predictive of any of the mental health outcomes. Finally, the number of transplantations was negatively related to a fighting spirit (p < 0.01) and positively related to hopelessness-helplessness (p < 0.001): Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of developing psychological interventions focused on coping to alleviate the negative psychological consequences of HSCT. Full article
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12 pages, 870 KiB  
Article
Dynamically Changing Mental Stress Parameters of First-Year Medical Students over the Three-Year Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
by Morris Gellisch, Martin Bablok, Gabriela Morosan-Puopolo, Thorsten Schäfer and Beate Brand-Saberi
Healthcare 2023, 11(11), 1558; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111558 - 26 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1245
Abstract
Numerous research results have already pointed towards the negative influence of increased mental stress on educational processes and motivational criteria. It has also been shown that the global public health crisis induced by COVID-19 was related to anxiety symptoms and elevated levels of [...] Read more.
Numerous research results have already pointed towards the negative influence of increased mental stress on educational processes and motivational criteria. It has also been shown that the global public health crisis induced by COVID-19 was related to anxiety symptoms and elevated levels of distress. To holistically elucidate the dynamics of the pandemic-related mental stress of first-year medical students, the associated parameters of three different cohorts were measured at the beginning of the pandemic-related restrictions on university life in Germany (20/21), at the peak of the COVID-19-related restrictions (21/22) and during the easing of the restrictions in the winter term 22/23. In a repeated cross-sectional study design, the constructs of worries, tension, demands and joy were collected from first-year medical students (n = 578) using the Perceived Stress Questionnaire. The results demonstrate significantly increased values of the constructs worries (p < 0.001), tension (p < 0.001) and demands (p < 0.001) at the peak of the pandemic related restrictions compared to the previous and following year as well as significantly decreasing values of general joy of life during the observed period of 3 years (all p-values < 0.001). A confirmatory factor analysis was performed to verify the questionnaire’s factor structure regarding the addressed target group during the pandemic (CFI: 0.908, RMSEA: 0.071, SRMR: 0.052). These data, collected over a period of three years, provide information regarding dynamically manifesting mental stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, and refer to new areas of responsibility for the faculties to adequately counteract future crisis situations. Full article
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10 pages, 281 KiB  
Article
Sex Differences in Mental Status and Coping Strategies among Adult Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Aniel Jessica Leticia Brambila-Tapia, Fabiola Macías-Espinoza, Joel Omar González-Cantero, Reyna Jazmín Martínez-Arriaga, Yesica Arlae Reyes-Domínguez and María Luisa Ramírez-García
Healthcare 2023, 11(4), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040514 - 9 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1331
Abstract
We performed a cross-sectional study in order to determine the association between stress coping strategies and stress, depression, and anxiety, in which the Mexican population was invited to answer these variables by an electronic questionnaire. A total of 1283 people were included, of [...] Read more.
We performed a cross-sectional study in order to determine the association between stress coping strategies and stress, depression, and anxiety, in which the Mexican population was invited to answer these variables by an electronic questionnaire. A total of 1283 people were included, of which 64.8% were women. Women presented higher levels of stress, depression, and anxiety than men; likewise, women showed a higher frequency of some maladaptive coping strategies (behavioral disengagement and denial) and lower levels of some adaptive ones (active coping and planning); additionally, maladaptive coping strategies were positively correlated with stress and depression in both sexes: self-blame, behavioral disengagement, denial, substance use, and self-distraction. Likewise, there were negative correlations between stress and depression and the adaptive strategies: planning, active coping, acceptance, and positive reframing. For women, religion presented negative correlations with stress, depression, and anxiety, and humor showed low positive correlations with stress, anxiety, and depression. In conclusion, most adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies are common in both sexes with the exception of religion, which seems to be adaptive in women and neutral in men, and humor, which seems to be adaptive in men and maladaptive in women. In addition, emotional and instrumental support seem to be neutral in both sexes. Full article
18 pages, 707 KiB  
Article
Validating the German Short Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale in Individuals with Depression
by Andreas Heissel, Alba Sanchez, Anou Pietrek, Theresa Bergau, Christiane Stielow, Michael A. Rapp and Jolene Van der Kaap-Deeder
Healthcare 2023, 11(3), 412; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030412 - 31 Jan 2023
Viewed by 2099
Abstract
Satisfaction and frustration of the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as assessed with the 24-item Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS), have been found to be crucial indicators of individuals’ psychological health. To increase the usability of this scale within [...] Read more.
Satisfaction and frustration of the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, as assessed with the 24-item Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS), have been found to be crucial indicators of individuals’ psychological health. To increase the usability of this scale within a clinical and health services research context, we aimed to validate a German short version (12 items) of this scale in individuals with depression including the examination of the relations from need frustration and need satisfaction to ill-being and quality of life (QOL). This cross-sectional study involved 344 adults diagnosed with depression (Mage (SD) = 47.5 years (11.1); 71.8% females). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the short version of the BPNSFS was not only reliable, but also fitted a six-factor structure (i.e., satisfaction/frustration X type of need). Subsequent structural equation modeling showed that need frustration related positively to indicators of ill-being and negatively to QOL. Surprisingly, need satisfaction did not predict differences in ill-being or QOL. The short form of the BPNSFS represents a practical instrument to measure need satisfaction and frustration in people with depression. Further, the results support recent evidence on the importance of especially need frustration in the prediction of psychopathology. Full article
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12 pages, 280 KiB  
Article
Childhood Adversities and Psychological Health of Adult Children of Parents with Mental Illness in Japan
by Masako Kageyama, Taku Sakamoto, Ayuna Kobayashi, Akiko Hirama, Hiroyuki Tamura and Keiko Yokoyama
Healthcare 2023, 11(2), 214; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11020214 - 10 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1774
Abstract
In this study, we seek to clarify whether the present-day experience of psychological distress among adults whose parents suffered from mental illness is related to their childhood experiences of abuse and neglect and their provision of emotional care for their parents during their [...] Read more.
In this study, we seek to clarify whether the present-day experience of psychological distress among adults whose parents suffered from mental illness is related to their childhood experiences of abuse and neglect and their provision of emotional care for their parents during their school-age years. To this end, a web-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 120 participants over the age of 20 who attended a self-help group responded (50% response rate); of these, 94 had a parent diagnosed with a mental illness, and these participants were included for data analysis purposes. Of the 94 respondents, 65 (69.2%) were highly distressed, as measured by a Kessler (K) 6 measure of ≥5. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the experience of providing emotional care for parents during school-age childhood was significantly related to high levels of distress in adulthood (OR = 3.48; 95% CI 1.21–9.96). For children of parents with mental illnesses, the effects of providing emotional care for parents during childhood may include long-term psychological distress. For this reason, mentally ill parents raising children need visiting community nurses or other professionals to provide emotional care on behalf of their children. Full article
9 pages, 256 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Emotional Labor on the Physical and Mental Health of Health Professionals: Emotional Exhaustion Has a Mediating Effect
by Chien-Chih Chen, Yu-Li Lan, Shau-Lun Chiou and Yi-Ching Lin
Healthcare 2023, 11(1), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010104 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3166
Abstract
(1) Background: Workers who perform emotional labor for an extended period are prone to emotional exhaustion; in particular, when the work exceeds the range of one’s emotional resources, it will produce job burnout. This study investigated the effects of emotional labor and emotional [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Workers who perform emotional labor for an extended period are prone to emotional exhaustion; in particular, when the work exceeds the range of one’s emotional resources, it will produce job burnout. This study investigated the effects of emotional labor and emotional exhaustion on the physical and mental health of health professionals. (2) Methods: This study was cross-sectional and the sampling criteria were health professionals from August 2020 to July 2021, including rehabilitators, nutritionists, clinical psychologists, radiologists, respiratory therapists, pharmacists, medical examiners and audiologists. A questionnaire was used to collect data on participants’ emotional labor, emotional exhaustion, physical health and mental health. A total of 120 valid questionnaires were obtained. (3) Results: Significant positive correlations were found between emotional labor and emotional exhaustion, physical and mental health and anxiety. A hierarchical regression analysis found that the effect of emotional labor on physical and mental health increased the predictive power to 59.7% through emotional exhaustion, and emotional exhaustion had a mediating effect on the relationship between emotional labor and physical and mental health. (4) Conclusions: This study provides a reference for managers of medical institutions to care for employees’ work stress and physical and mental health, which will help institutions build a friendly and healthy workplace. Full article
12 pages, 648 KiB  
Article
Integrating Mindfulness into the Subject of Physical Education—An Opportunity for the Development of Students’ Mental Health
by Roberto Delgado-Montoro, Alberto Ferriz-Valero, Olalla García-Taibo and Salvador Baena-Morales
Healthcare 2022, 10(12), 2551; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122551 - 16 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2084
Abstract
Stress, uncertainty, and the abuse of technologies are components that have a negative impact on the physical, social, and psychological health of young people. One of the aims of the Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is to empower individuals to reflect on their [...] Read more.
Stress, uncertainty, and the abuse of technologies are components that have a negative impact on the physical, social, and psychological health of young people. One of the aims of the Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) is to empower individuals to reflect on their actions, and mindfulness arises as one tool with an important potential to contribute on this matter. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of mindfulness practices on the ability of students to focus their attention on external, internal or kinesthetic factors, awareness in acting, and acceptance. Consequently, a quasi-experimental study was developed to compare groups between the pre and post condition. The study participants were a total of 127 students (52 women) from 4th year of secondary school and 1st year of a achelor’s degree (16.5 ± 1.5 years). The sample was assigned by academic convenience, with 54 students in the experimental group and 73 in the control group. The intervention was carried out for 4 weeks. During this period, the experimental group participated in mindfulness activities such as guided meditations at the end of the PE session or challenges that stimulated the student in daily actions. The control group continued with the planned programming in physical education class. These groups were subjected to the following test: (1) Mindfulness for School Scale (MSS) and (2) Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM). To analyze the results, the normality of the sample was evaluated through the Mann–Whitney U test, resulting as non-parametric. The search for possible differences between the groups was carried out by using the Wilcoxon test. The statistics showed that the experimental group presented significant improvements (p ≤ 0.05) in most of the measured parameters: external attention, kinesthetics attention, and mean of the CAMM. These results seem to show that the use of mindfulness could be an appropriate tool to be implemented in the school context in order to directly contribute to the mental health of high school students, and thus to an education for the sustainable development. Full article
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13 pages, 476 KiB  
Article
Development of Thai Sensory Patterns Assessment Tool for Children Aged 3–12 Years: Caregiver-Version
by Revadee Sutthachai, Anuchart Kaunnil, Supaluck Phadsri, Ilada Pomngen, Mandy Stanley and Tiam Srikhamjak
Healthcare 2022, 10(10), 1968; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101968 - 8 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1795
Abstract
Most existing tools for measuring sensory patterns of children have been developed in Western countries. These tools are complex and may not be culturally appropriate for other contexts that require specific knowledge in the clinical perspective. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.
Most existing tools for measuring sensory patterns of children have been developed in Western countries. These tools are complex and may not be culturally appropriate for other contexts that require specific knowledge in the clinical perspective. The aim of this study was to develop a simplified tool called the Thai Sensory Patterns Assessment (TSPA) tool for children. It is designed for children ages 3–12 years old to be completed by their caregiver. The process of creating the tool consisted of drafting a questionnaire and interpreting the result. Partial psychometrics were completed during item development, content validity of items was assessed by five expert ratings. Construct validity and internal consistency were assessed using data from 414 caregivers and intra-rater reliability was assessed with 40 caregivers. The two parts of the TSPA tool for children results, sensory preference, and sensory arousal, were designed to be presented as a sensory pattern in a radar chart/plot. The data analysis showed that both parts of the TSPA tool for children had acceptable psychometric properties with the retained 65 items. Only proprioceptive sensory arousal had a low Cronbach’s α coefficient, suggesting more information sharing between caregivers and professionals is needed. This research is an initial study and must be continuously developed. Future development of this tool in technology platforms is recommended to support use within healthcare services. Full article
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15 pages, 836 KiB  
Article
Vulnerability through the Eyes of People Attended by a Portuguese Community-Based Association: A Thematic Analysis
by Carlos Laranjeira, Inês Piaça, Henrique Vinagre, Ana Rita Vaz, Sofia Ferreira, Lisete Cordeiro and Ana Querido
Healthcare 2022, 10(10), 1819; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10101819 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1546
Abstract
Vulnerability is associated with the individual’s social and biological conditions, but also the conditions of their enveloping environment and society, leading to terms such as vulnerable populations or risk groups. This study aimed to give a voice to people with experiences of vulnerability [...] Read more.
Vulnerability is associated with the individual’s social and biological conditions, but also the conditions of their enveloping environment and society, leading to terms such as vulnerable populations or risk groups. This study aimed to give a voice to people with experiences of vulnerability and explore their perspectives, using a descriptive qualitative design. Purportedly vulnerable adults were recruited and interviewed with semi-structured questions on vulnerability. Data were organized, using WebQDA software, and submitted to thematic content analysis, as proposed by Clark and Braun, which generated a thematic tree. The study included six men and six women with a mean age of 43.8 [SD = 14.17] years old. Thematic analysis generated three themes: (1) Conceptions about vulnerability, (2) Barriers imposed by vulnerability, and (3) Strategies for dealing with vulnerability. The results highlight that vulnerability is a highly dynamic process of openness to circumstances that influence individual outcomes. However, there is a lack of conceptual clarity. Although being vulnerable is perceived as something negative, we need to transform the social mindset, because vulnerability also has the potential to change priorities in life for the better. Full article
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10 pages, 274 KiB  
Article
Psychological Well-Being Increment as Post-Traumatic Growth in Women with Breast Cancer: A Controlled Comparison Design Using Propensity Score Matching
by Ren-Hau Li, Hsiu-Ling Peng, Ming-Hsin Yeh and Jiunnhorng Lou
Healthcare 2022, 10(8), 1388; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081388 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1337
Abstract
The aim of this study was to confirm post-traumatic growth with respect to the psychological well-being of women with breast cancer compared to women without disease. Propensity score was used to match the two groups according to age, religious beliefs, education level, monthly [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to confirm post-traumatic growth with respect to the psychological well-being of women with breast cancer compared to women without disease. Propensity score was used to match the two groups according to age, religious beliefs, education level, monthly income, and marital status. A psychological well-being scale with six factors was used, including positive relations with others (PR), autonomy (AU), environmental mastery (EM), personal growth (PG), purpose in life (PL), and self-acceptance (SA). A total 178 women with vs. 178 women without breast cancer were compared by matching with propensity scores, using factorial invariance tests to reduce measurement errors. The results showed that women with breast cancer had significantly higher psychological well-being for all the six factors (Δχ2 = 37.37, p < 0.001) and higher variability in terms of PR, AU, and PL than women without breast cancer (Δχ2 = 45.94, p < 0.001). Furthermore, women with breast cancer exhibited a significantly higher association between PG and PL and a significantly lower association between PG and EM than women without breast cancer (Δχ2 = 44.49, p < 0.001). This implies that psychological well-being could assess broader and more subtle post-traumatic growth in women with breast cancer and that growth was more associated with internal life value than with external environmental control. Full article
20 pages, 968 KiB  
Article
The Malay Literacy of Suicide Scale: A Rasch Model Validation and Its Correlation with Mental Health Literacy among Malaysian Parents, Caregivers and Teachers
by Picholas Kian Ann Phoa, Asrenee Ab Razak, Hue San Kuay, Anis Kausar Ghazali, Azriani Ab Rahman, Maruzairi Husain, Raishan Shafini Bakar and Firdaus Abdul Gani
Healthcare 2022, 10(7), 1304; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10071304 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2312
Abstract
The 27-item Literacy of Suicide Scale (LOSS) is a test designed to measure the respondent’s suicide knowledge. The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Malay-translated version of the LOSS (M-LOSS) and its association to sociodemographic factors and [...] Read more.
The 27-item Literacy of Suicide Scale (LOSS) is a test designed to measure the respondent’s suicide knowledge. The purpose of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of the Malay-translated version of the LOSS (M-LOSS) and its association to sociodemographic factors and mental health literacy. The 27-item LOSS was forward–backward translated into Malay, and the content and face validities were assessed. The version was distributed to 750 respondents across West Malaysia. Rasch model analysis was then conducted to assess the scale’s psychometric properties. The validated M-LOSS and the Malay version of the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS-M) were then distributed to 867 respondents to evaluate their level of suicide literacy, mental health literacy, and their correlation. Upon Rasch analysis, 26 items were retained. The scale was found to be unidimensional, with generally satisfying separation and reliability indexes. Sex, socio-economic status, and experience in mental health were found to significantly impact the mean score for mental health literacy. This study also found a significant mean difference for suicide literacy across school types. Furthermore, while this study observed a weak but significant negative correlation between age and suicide literacy, no correlation was found between mental health and suicide literacy. Full article
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Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Other

11 pages, 486 KiB  
Review
An Ethical Analysis Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Oral Healthcare in Patients with Mental Disorders
by Oana-Maria Isailă, Eduard Drima and Sorin Hostiuc
Healthcare 2023, 11(18), 2585; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11182585 - 19 Sep 2023
Viewed by 912
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictive measures were imposed that significantly impacted the healthcare system in general, and the dental healthcare system in particular. The literature cites a possible association between mental and oral health, as psychiatric patients have decreased awareness of their oral [...] Read more.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictive measures were imposed that significantly impacted the healthcare system in general, and the dental healthcare system in particular. The literature cites a possible association between mental and oral health, as psychiatric patients have decreased awareness of their oral health and, therefore, poor dental status. Moreover, several studies have found a positive association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and oral health conditions, as well as between SARS-CoV-2 infection and mental health status. This context generated multiple ethical dilemmas in the case of persons with mental health disorders who require dental treatment because they are more vulnerable in this respect. This article aims to analyze the ethical issues in dental care for patients with mental disorders concerning the COVID-19 restrictive measures. The ethical aspects involved here are the basic principles of bioethics and the related elements of accessibility, equity, consent, and confidentiality. Full article
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10 pages, 1022 KiB  
Review
Anticipatory Burden in Adult-Child Caregivers: A Concept Analysis
by Hangying She and Yuncheng Man
Healthcare 2022, 10(2), 356; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020356 - 11 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1612
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the concept of anticipatory burden in adult-child caregivers. A systematic literature review was performed using four databases, Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Medline, with the keywords of “anticipatory burden” and “anticipated burden”. Simplified Wilson’s classic concept analysis modified by [...] Read more.
This study aims to analyze the concept of anticipatory burden in adult-child caregivers. A systematic literature review was performed using four databases, Pubmed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Medline, with the keywords of “anticipatory burden” and “anticipated burden”. Simplified Wilson’s classic concept analysis modified by Walker and Avant was employed to identify the attributes, antecedents and consequences of anticipatory burden in the adult-child caregivers. Eighteen articles were analyzed. Attributes of anticipatory burden in adult-child caregivers were found to be: (1) subjective burden, (2) anticipation, (3) overestimation, (4) inability, and (5) family relationship. Antecedents were identified as: (1) potential care recipients, (2) caregiving willingness, and (3) a lack of resources. Consequences included: (1) prediction of caregiving willingness, (2) impacts on caregivers’ health, (3) intervention promotion, and (4) behavioral changes. As the adult-child caregiver is one of the main types of family caregivers for the fast-growing aging population, it is important to understand the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of their anticipatory burden. Based on the results of this study, resources such as intervention, policy, and counseling services are recommended to help adult-child caregivers lower their anticipatory burden and get better prepared for providing family care. Full article
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Other

9 pages, 925 KiB  
Brief Report
Differences in Improvement of Physical Function in Older Adults with Long-Term Care Insurance with and without Falls: A Retrospective Cohort Study
by Masahiro Kitamura, Junichi Umeo, Kyohei Kurihara, Takuji Yamato, Takayuki Nagasaki, Katsuhiko Mizota, Haruki Kogo, Shinichi Tanaka and Takashi Yoshizawa
Healthcare 2023, 11(18), 2558; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11182558 - 15 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 629
Abstract
(1) Background: This study examined the differences in changes in physical function with and without falls after daycare use among frail older adults with long-term care insurance (LTCI). (2) Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 82 of 96 consecutive daycare center users met [...] Read more.
(1) Background: This study examined the differences in changes in physical function with and without falls after daycare use among frail older adults with long-term care insurance (LTCI). (2) Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 82 of 96 consecutive daycare center users met the inclusion criteria. The participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of falls 6–12 months after use. Participant characteristics in the fall and non-fall groups and physical function at baseline and six months in each group were compared. Using analysis of covariance, we analyzed physical function and its changes between the two groups, and cut-off values were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves. (3) Results: Gait speed, timed up-and-go test, and 30 s chair stand test (CS30) improved significantly over six months in the no-fall group (n = 70) and all participants (n = 82) (p < 0.01). Gait speed in the fall group (n = 12) improved significantly over six months (p = 0.04). The fall group had significantly lower adjusted ΔCS30 scores than the no-fall group (p = 0.03), with a cutoff value of 2 (p = 0.024). (4) Conclusions: In older adults with LTCI, physical function with and without falls after daycare use differed by ΔCS30, with a cutoff value of 2. Full article
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19 pages, 764 KiB  
Systematic Review
Hope Aspects of the Women’s Experience after Confirmation of a High-Risk Pregnancy Condition: A Systematic Scoping Review
by Mónica Antunes, Clara Roquette Viana and Zaida Charepe
Healthcare 2022, 10(12), 2477; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10122477 - 8 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2091
Abstract
Background: Pregnancy is a period of transformation, hope, expectation, and worry for women and their families. A high-risk pregnancy refers to a pregnancy in which the mother and/or fetus are at greater-than-normal risk of complications, and it evokes a range of emotional and [...] Read more.
Background: Pregnancy is a period of transformation, hope, expectation, and worry for women and their families. A high-risk pregnancy refers to a pregnancy in which the mother and/or fetus are at greater-than-normal risk of complications, and it evokes a range of emotional and psychological experiences that largely depend on the care and support provided by health professionals. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing literature on the lived experience of hope in women facing a high-risk pregnancy related to their own health and/or medical conditions related to the fetus. Methods: This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology. No limits on a date were applied to the search. Identified titles and abstracts were screened to select original reports and were cross-checked for any overlap of cases. We included studies that emphasized the experience of hope of pregnant women dealing with a pregnancy complication. Main Results: According to the results of the present scoping review, we found two main dimensions: women experiencing a high-risk pregnancy themselves and prenatal diagnosis. In both cases, the women were in a dilemma between hope and hopelessness. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that women facing high-risk pregnancies struggle with multiple fears and concerns about their own health and the fetus’s health. Further research is needed to identify best practices for the care provided to the vulnerable populations. Full article
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