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Air Quality: Outdoor and Indoor
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Air Quality: Outdoor and Indoor

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (23 March 2023) | Viewed by 5340

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pengyi Cui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Interests: CFD; wind-tunnel experimental technology; outdoor and indoor air quality; heat and mass transfer; multi-scale numerical method
Dr. Yuwei Dai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Interests: urban ventilation; airflow and heat flow coupling; turbulence characteristics; aerosol transmission; coupled outdoor and indoor environment; healthy building; scaled outdoor modelling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Statistically, in 2019, more than 9.0 million premature deaths were caused by pollution, corresponding to one in six deaths worldwide, where 75% of those deaths were attributed to air pollution (both household and ambient air pollution). The issues of air pollution caused by the exploitation, transportation and uilization of fossil energy is particularly acute in densely populated urban areas. The complex airflow, heat and mass transfer processes under the urban atmospheric boundary layer all interact, which creates a unique local microclimate environment in cities. Air pollutants (including gaseous and particle pollutants) are discharged into the atmosphere and enventually dissipate into the atmospheric environment through convention diffusion, adsportion, settlement, migration and transformation, etc. The above processes can occur in different scale urban areas (city, community, street canyon,  builing,  indoor, and body scales) and are affected by many environmental factors, such as meteorological conditions, building structures, trees and greenery, urban water bodies, etc.  The migration and diffusion process of air pollutants is a multi-scale problem in nature, and there must be coupling correlation and mutual influence between different scales, such as how outdoor air pollutants affect indoor air quality and even how they enter the human respiratory system.

This Special Issue aims to invite research papers on various influencing factors of the diffusion, migration and transformation of air pollutants, especially the spatial diffusion and transfer mechanisms of air pollutants at different scales and their multi-scale coupling characteristics.

Dr. Pengyi Cui
Dr. Yuwei Dai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • outdoor and indoor
  • air pollution
  • migration and diffusion
  • adsorption and sedimentation
  • urban greening
  • urban ventilation
  • multi-scale problem
  • influencing factor
  • numerical modeling

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2950 KiB  
Article
Diffusion Behavior of VOC Molecules in Polyvinyl Chloride Investigated by Molecular Dynamics Simulation
by Yun-Feng Mao, Shun-Nan Long, Zhuo Li and Wen-Quan Tao
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3235; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043235 - 12 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1790
Abstract
Due to the threats posed by many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to human health in indoor spaces via air, the mass transfer characteristics of VOCs are of critical importance to the study of their mechanism and control. As a significant part of the [...] Read more.
Due to the threats posed by many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to human health in indoor spaces via air, the mass transfer characteristics of VOCs are of critical importance to the study of their mechanism and control. As a significant part of the mass transfer process, diffusion widely exists in emissions from floors (e.g., PVC floors) and in sorption in porous materials. Molecular simulation studies by can provide unparalleled insights into the molecular mechanisms of VOCs. We construct the detailed atomistic structures of PVC blend membranes to investigate the diffusion behavior of VOC molecules (n-hexane) in PVC by molecular dynamics (MD). The variation in the diffusion coefficient of n-hexane in PVC with respect to temperature is in line with Arrhenius’ law. The effect of temperature on the diffusion mechanism was investigated from the perspectives of free volume, cavity distribution and polymer chain mobility. It was found that the relationships between the diffusion coefficients of n-hexane in the polymer and the inverse fractional free volume are exponential and agree well with the free volume theory. Hopefully, this study will offer quantitative insights into the mass transport phenomena of VOCs within polymeric materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air Quality: Outdoor and Indoor)
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11 pages, 6567 KiB  
Article
Contrasting Near-Surface Ozone Pollution in Wet and Dry Year over China
by Shuo Ding, Xiaotong Jiang and Changhao Wu
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 998; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20020998 - 5 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1639
Abstract
The near-surface ozone concentration was evaluated in two typical years with contrasting climatic impacts over the China region induced by El Niño–Southern Oscillation, which had either dry conditions (drought) with intense solar radiation and higher temperatures or wet conditions with opposite meteorological conditions. [...] Read more.
The near-surface ozone concentration was evaluated in two typical years with contrasting climatic impacts over the China region induced by El Niño–Southern Oscillation, which had either dry conditions (drought) with intense solar radiation and higher temperatures or wet conditions with opposite meteorological conditions. Surface ozone was observed to aggravate notably by 30% over Northern China in summer and by 50% over Eastern China in autumn in the dry year compared to the wet year. The ozone aggravation was found to be mainly ascribed to the reduced precipitation (relative humidity), enhanced solar radiation and increased temperature rather than primary emission (indicated by carbon monoxide). The health impacts showed the mortality attributable to ozone sharply increased by ~55% in Guangdong while the number of cases dying from ozone-related respiratory diseases per 100,000 population at risk was elevated by ~41% and ~17% for Guangdong (in the Pearl River Delta) and Jiangsu (in the Yangtze River Delta) province (two regions that have been reported to be highly influenced by surface ozone in China), respectively, in the dry year relative to the wet year, indicative of the significant adverse health effects of ozone aggravation. These results highlight the essential contribution of climate anomalies to surface ozone pollution. Efforts to suppress ozone aggravation can be beneficial to public health if extreme drought is predicted, and reasonable policy is implemented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air Quality: Outdoor and Indoor)
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Graphical abstract

22 pages, 6549 KiB  
Article
Effects of Radiant Floor Heating Integrated with Natural Ventilation on Flow and Dispersion in a Newly Decorated Residence
by Peng-Yi Cui, Jia-Qi Wang, Feng Yang, Qing-Xia Zhao, Yuan-Dong Huang, Yong Yang and Wen-Quan Tao
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(24), 16889; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416889 - 15 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1443
Abstract
To date, few studies have been conducted on the characteristics of flow and dispersion caused by indoor radiant floor heating integrated with natural ventilation. In this study, we employed reduced−scale numerical models validated by wind−tunnel experiments to investigate the influence of radiant floor [...] Read more.
To date, few studies have been conducted on the characteristics of flow and dispersion caused by indoor radiant floor heating integrated with natural ventilation. In this study, we employed reduced−scale numerical models validated by wind−tunnel experiments to investigate the influence of radiant floor heating integrated with natural ventilation on airflow, heat transfer, and pollutant dispersion within an isolated building. The Richardson number (Ri) was specified to characterize the interaction between the inflow inertia force and the buoyancy force caused by radiant floor heating. Several Ri cases from 0 to 26.65, coupled with cross− or single−sided ventilation, were considered. Model validation showed that the numerical model coupled with the RNG k-ε model was able to better predict the indoor buoyant flow and pollutant dispersion. The results showed that the similarity criterion of Ri equality should be first satisfied in order to study indoor mixed convection using the reduced−scale model, followed by Re−independence. For cross−ventilation, when Ri < 5.31, the incoming flow inertia force mainly dominates the indoor flow structure so that the ACH, indoor temperature, and pollutant distributions remain almost constant. When Ri > 5.31, the thermal buoyancy force becomes increasingly important, causing significant changes in indoor flow structures. However, for single−sided ventilation, when Ri > 5.31 and continues to increase, the buoyancy force mainly dominates the indoor flow structure, causing a significant increase in ACH, thus reducing the indoor average temperature and pollutant accumulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air Quality: Outdoor and Indoor)
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