International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

13 pages, 565 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association between the Planetary Health Diet with a Regular Consumption of Breakfast and a Well-Balanced Diet: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Involving Japanese Male Engineering Students at a University in Hyogo Prefecture

by Etsuko Kibayashi and Makiko Nakade

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070858 (registering DOI) - 29 Jun 2024

Abstract

Few young Japanese adults regularly consume a well-balanced diet composed of staples, main courses, and sides. We hypothesised that adopting the recommended planetary health diet with regular breakfast consumption would promote well-balanced diets among young Japanese male undergraduates. This study aimed to examine [...] Read more.

Few young Japanese adults regularly consume a well-balanced diet composed of staples, main courses, and sides. We hypothesised that adopting the recommended planetary health diet with regular breakfast consumption would promote well-balanced diets among young Japanese male undergraduates. This study aimed to examine the structural association between the planetary health diet with regular breakfast consumption and a well-balanced diet intake. This cross-sectional study included 142 male engineering undergraduates who completed a 2022 online questionnaire via Google Forms at a public university in Hyogo Prefecture. The planetary health diet comprises the consumption of the recommended eight items. A covariance structure analysis was performed in a hypothetical model with factors (regular breakfast consumption and eight items) potentially associated with the intake of a well-balanced diet at least twice daily. After excluding chicken dishes and nuts from the eight recommended items of the planetary health diet, goodness-of-fit became acceptable. Frequent consumption of the remaining six recommended items (fish, eggs, soybeans/soybean products, dairy foods, vegetables, and fruits) was significantly positively correlated with regular breakfast consumption and a significant positive path to a well-balanced diet. Among male university students, regular breakfast consumption and the planetary health diet may lead to a well-balanced diet. Full article

12 pages, 379 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quality Assessment of Internet Information Regarding Periodontitis in Persons Living with HIV

by Hester Groenewegen, Arjan Vissink, Fred K. L. Spijkervet, Wouter F. W. Bierman and Konstantina Delli

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 857; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070857 (registering DOI) - 29 Jun 2024

Abstract

The Internet is the most used source of HIV information second to information received from healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of Internet information about periodontitis in people living with HIV (PLWH). An Internet search was performed [...] Read more.

The Internet is the most used source of HIV information second to information received from healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of Internet information about periodontitis in people living with HIV (PLWH). An Internet search was performed on 18 April 2024 using the search terms “Periodontitis”, “Periodontal disease”, and “Gum disease” in combination with “HIV” in the most popular search engines (Google™, Bing™, and YAHOO!^®). The first 20 results from each search term engine were pooled for analysis. Quality was assessed by JAMA benchmarks. Readability was assessed using the Flesch reading ease score (FRES). Origin of the site, type of author, and information details were also recorded. The quality of Internet information about periodontitis in PLWH varied. The mean JAMA score was 2.81 (SD = 1.0). The websites were generally fairly difficult to read (mean FRES = 57.1, SD = 15.0). Most websites provided some advice about self-treatment of oral problems, accompanied by a strong recommendation to seek professional dental care. In conclusion, advanced reading skills on periodontitis in PLWH were required and quality features were mostly not provided. Therefore, healthcare professionals should be actively involved in developing high-quality information resources and direct patients to evidence-based materials on the Internet. Full article

17 pages, 529 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Effects of Maternal Iron and Folate Supplementation on Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes in Africa: A Systematic Review

by Yibeltal Bekele, Claire Gallagher, Don Vicendese, Melissa Buultjens, Mehak Batra and Bircan Erbas

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 856; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070856 (registering DOI) - 29 Jun 2024

Viewed by 122

Abstract

Background: Iron and folate deficiency are prevalent in pregnant women in Africa. However, limited research exists on the differential effect of oral iron-only, folate-only, or Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation on adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes. This systematic review addresses this gap, focusing [...] Read more.

Background: Iron and folate deficiency are prevalent in pregnant women in Africa. However, limited research exists on the differential effect of oral iron-only, folate-only, or Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation on adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes. This systematic review addresses this gap, focusing on studies conducted in Africa with limited healthcare access. Understanding these differential effects could lead to more targeted and potentially cost-effective interventions to improve maternal and child health in these settings. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The primary exposures were oral iron-only, folate-only, or IFA oral supplementation during pregnancy, while the outcomes were adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes. A qualitative synthesis guided by methods without meta-analysis was performed. Results: Our qualitative synthesis analysed 10 articles reporting adverse pregnancy (adverse birth outcomes, stillbirths, and perinatal mortality) and infant outcomes (neonatal mortality). Consistently, iron-only supplementation demonstrated a reduction in perinatal death. However, evidence is insufficient to assess the relationship between iron-only and IFA supplementation with adverse birth outcomes, stillbirths, and neonatal mortality. Conclusion: Findings suggested that iron-only supplementation during pregnancy may reduce perinatal mortality in African women. However, evidence remains limited regarding the effectiveness of both iron-only and IFA supplementation in reducing stillbirths, and neonatal mortality. Moreover, additional primary studies are necessary to comprehend the effects of iron-only, folate-only, and IFA supplementation on pregnancy outcomes and infant health in the African region, considering rurality and income level as effect modifiers. Full article

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17 pages, 905 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dignity of Work and at Work: The Relationship between Workplace Dignity and Health among Latino Immigrants during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Thespina J. Yamanis, Samhita Rao, Alexandra J. Reichert, Rachel Haws, Taryn Morrissey and Angela Suarez

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 855; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070855 (registering DOI) - 29 Jun 2024

Viewed by 161

Abstract

Latino immigrants living in the United States were highly vulnerable to the health and economic consequences brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the conceptual framing of workplace dignity, worth that is acknowledged based on performance of job responsibilities, to explore Latino [...] Read more.

Latino immigrants living in the United States were highly vulnerable to the health and economic consequences brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. We use the conceptual framing of workplace dignity, worth that is acknowledged based on performance of job responsibilities, to explore Latino immigrants’ experiences during the early months of the pandemic. A qualitative study was conducted with La Clínica del Pueblo (La Clínica), a community health center serving low-income Latino immigrants. From June to December 2020, we conducted in-depth video interviews with 29 Latino immigrant clients to explore pandemic-related challenges, including workplace changes, discriminatory experiences, and effects on health. We conducted thematic analysis using Dedoose software. Nearly half of participants were undocumented immigrants. Most participants were unemployed or underemployed due to the pandemic and 26–49 years of age; one-third were still working, and one-quarter were 50 years or older. About half were cisgender women and two were transgender women. Employed participants experienced a lack of dignity through being socially isolated and stigmatized at work; receiving no compensation for their extra labor or for sick leave; and experiencing discriminatory labor practices. Unemployed participants experienced a lack of dignity in being the first to lose their jobs without government support; losing self-esteem; and not being rehired. Participants associated denial of dignity with worsening health conditions and increased anxiety and depression. Our study suggests that denial of workplace dignity—through job loss, underemployment, and poor working conditions—is linked to adverse health outcomes for Latino immigrants. More research should recognize workplace dignity as an important social determinant of health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral and Mental Health)

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11 pages, 683 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physical Activity and Mental Health of Employed Adults: Mediation and Moderation Effects of Beliefs in the Benefits of Physical Activity

by Dragan Glavaš and Irena Pavela Banai

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 854; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070854 (registering DOI) - 29 Jun 2024

Viewed by 99

Abstract

Numerous studies have shown physical activity (PA) improves psychological functioning and well-being. However, the underpinning processes and mediating variables are less known. There is evidence that beliefs about the benefits of PA contribute to physical health, regardless of actual PA. By applying these [...] Read more.

Numerous studies have shown physical activity (PA) improves psychological functioning and well-being. However, the underpinning processes and mediating variables are less known. There is evidence that beliefs about the benefits of PA contribute to physical health, regardless of actual PA. By applying these findings in the context of mental health, we sought to investigate the role of belief in the benefits of PA in the relationship between self-reported PA and mental health. A total of 381 employed adults completed the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and Anxiety subscale of the Emotional state scale. Furthermore, participants reported the degree to which they believe that PA has benefits for their psychological health. The mediation analysis shows that greater PA intensity was associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety. Additionally, belief in the benefits of PA on psychological health had a mediating role. Specifically, more intensive PA was related to a stronger belief in PA benefits, subsequently leading to reduced levels of depression and anxiety. We discuss the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between PA and mental health, alongside the significant role of mindset. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Behavioral Ecology and Health Outcomes)

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17 pages, 320 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Funding Health Care for People Experiencing Homelessness: An Examination of Federally Qualified Health Centers’ Funding Streams and Homeless Patients Served (2014–2019)

by Marcus M. Lam and Nathan J. Grasse

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070853 (registering DOI) - 29 Jun 2024

Viewed by 110

Abstract

It is estimated that three million people annually experience homelessness, with about a third of the homeless population being served by Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). Thus, FQHCs, dependent on government funding for financial viability, are vital to the infrastructure addressing the complex [...] Read more.

It is estimated that three million people annually experience homelessness, with about a third of the homeless population being served by Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). Thus, FQHCs, dependent on government funding for financial viability, are vital to the infrastructure addressing the complex issues facing people experiencing homelessness. This study examines the relationship between various government funding streams and the number of homeless patients served by FQHCs. Data for this study come from three publicly available databases: the Uniform Data System (UDS), the IRS Core files, and the Area Resource File. Fixed-effects models employed examine changes across six years from 2014 to 2019. The results suggest that, on average, an additional homeless patient served increases the expenses of FQHCs more than other patients and that federal funding, specifically Health Care for the Homeless (HCH) funding, is a vital revenue source for FQHCs. We found that the number of homeless patients served is negatively associated with contemporaneous state and local funding but positively associated with substance use and anxiety disorders. Our findings have important implications for the effective management of FQHCs in the long term and for broader public policy supporting these vital elements of the social safety net. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Substance Use, Mental Health, and Other Issues Related to Homelessness: Building the Evidence for Best Practices to End Housing Instability)

12 pages, 344 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sex Work and Parenthood: The Experiences of Female Sex Workers Who Are also Parents or Caregivers: A Scoping Review

by Mokhwelepa Leshata Winter and Sumbane Gsakani Olivia

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 852; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070852 (registering DOI) - 29 Jun 2024

Viewed by 178

Abstract

Complex interactions exist between sex work and parenthood, impacting the lives of those in sex work who also provide care for others. This scoping review aims to review the experiences and challenges of female sex workers who are parents or caregivers, highlighting the [...] Read more.

Complex interactions exist between sex work and parenthood, impacting the lives of those in sex work who also provide care for others. This scoping review aims to review the experiences and challenges of female sex workers who are parents or caregivers, highlighting the socioeconomic, psychological, and legal dimensions of their dual roles. The rationale for this review stems from the recognition that sex workers who are also parents face unique and multifaceted challenges that significantly impact their wellbeing and that of their children. The five stages of a scoping review suggested by Arksey and O’Malley were followed in this study. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across electronic databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. This study covered publications written in English from 2010 to 2023. Studies were selected based on their focus on sex workers who are parents or caregivers. Both qualitative and quantitative research articles were included. Thematic analysis was employed to synthesize findings across the selected studies. Studies published prior to 2013, studies that were not published in English, and studies that did not address the experiences of female sex workers who are parents or caregivers were excluded from this study. The review identified 14 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Five key themes emerged from this study: (1) social stigma and healthcare discrimination; (2) legal challenges; (3) mental nexus; (4) risk behaviors and exposing children to a hazardous environment; and (5) social support. Sex workers who are also parents or caregivers navigate a multifaceted landscape of challenges and resilience. Policy reforms are needed to reduce stigma, provide financial support, and ensure legal protections for this key population. Full article

13 pages, 362 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transitioning to Working from Home Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic Significantly Increased Sedentary Behavior and Decreased Physical Activity: A Meta-Analysis

by Nicole Chaudhary, Megan Jones, Sean P. M. Rice, Laura Zeigen and Saurabh Suhas Thosar

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 851; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070851 (registering DOI) - 28 Jun 2024

Viewed by 213

Abstract

Abstract: At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, many workplaces transitioned to remote work, which altered lifestyle behaviors. We conducted a meta-analysis to understand if the transition to working from home due to the pandemic affected workers’ physical activity and sedentary behavior worldwide. [...] Read more.

Abstract: At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, many workplaces transitioned to remote work, which altered lifestyle behaviors. We conducted a meta-analysis to understand if the transition to working from home due to the pandemic affected workers’ physical activity and sedentary behavior worldwide. We reviewed articles published between November 2019 and May 2022. Of an initial 3485 articles, a total of 17 were included, 15 of 17 were included for their physical activity (PA) comparisons (n = 36,650), and 12 of 17 (n = 57,254) were included for their sedentary behavior (SB) comparisons (10 studies have data for both PA and SB ). This work is registered through PROSPERO (CRD42022356000). Working from home resulted in a significant decrease in PA (Hedge’s g = −0.29, 95% CI [−0.41, −0.18]) and an increase in SB (Hedge’s g = +0.36, 95% CI [0.20, 0.52]). Working from home impaired preventative activity behaviors, and these results are relevant to worker health as the future of work evolves beyond the pandemic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Work–Life Policies, Employee Health and Well-Being)

29 pages, 1012 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unveiling the Nexus: Sulphur Dioxide Exposure, Proximity to Mining, And Respiratory Illnesses in Kankoyo: A Mixed-Methods Investigation

by Sipiwe Chihana, Jameson Mbale and Nchimunya Chaamwe

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 850; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070850 (registering DOI) - 28 Jun 2024

Viewed by 189

Abstract

The emission of sulphur dioxide (SO

_{2}

) from mining activities presents significant health hazards, particularly to communities near industrial zones. This mixed-methods study investigates the nexus between (SO

_{2}

) exposure and respiratory health in Kankoyo Township, Zambia. Employing community engagement, expert [...] Read more.

The emission of sulphur dioxide (SO

_{2}

) from mining activities presents significant health hazards, particularly to communities near industrial zones. This mixed-methods study investigates the nexus between (SO

_{2}

) exposure and respiratory health in Kankoyo Township, Zambia. Employing community engagement, expert interviews, spatial analysis, and a retrospective examination of 15 years of health and (SO

_{2}

) data, the research identified a troubling correlation between (SO

_{2}

) exposure and adverse respiratory health effects among the local population. Expert interviews highlighted that respiratory issues constituted approximately

75 %

of health complications, with a notable reduction in asthma cases following the installation of a monitoring station and upgrades to smelter operations. Spatial analysis demonstrated that (SO

_{2}

) levels in Kankoyo exceeded the Zambian Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) limits by

1713 %

identifying it as a significant pollution hotspot. Additionally, wind profile analysis indicated frequent low-speed winds from the east-northeast (ENE), contributing to pollutant accumulation. Based on these insights, the study recommends implementing real-time pollution data sharing, affordable air quality sensors, addressing medication shortages, establishing specialized respiratory clinics, launching IT-driven awareness campaigns, and further research into additional pollutants and confounding factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Exploring the Mine Environment, Safety Risk and Occupational Health)

10 pages, 2334 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Raynaud’s Phenomenon of the Nipple: Epidemiological, Clinical, Pathophysiological, and Therapeutic Characterization

by Thaís Gomes Moreira, Giovana Mamede Castro and Jucier Gonçalves Júnior

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 849; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070849 (registering DOI) - 28 Jun 2024

Viewed by 176

Abstract

Raynaud’s phenomenon of the nipple is a possible cause of pain and breastfeeding cessation in lactating women. However, there are still few studies on the characterization of this manifestation. Thus, we aim to develop a systematic review of the literature carried out between [...] Read more.

Raynaud’s phenomenon of the nipple is a possible cause of pain and breastfeeding cessation in lactating women. However, there are still few studies on the characterization of this manifestation. Thus, we aim to develop a systematic review of the literature carried out between January 1992 and January 2024 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Portal de Periódicos da CAPES. Of the 438 articles, 19 met the eligibility criteria. The findings were divided by heuristic questions into two groups: “Epidemiological, pathophysiological, and clinical characterization of Raynaud’s Phenomenon of the nipple” and “Treatment of Raynaud’s Phenomenon of the nipple”. Raynaud’s phenomenon of the nipple is commonly primary, being more prevalent in the postpartum period, in women with a mean age of 32 years. The main triggers appear to be stress and temperature change. Generally, it is associated with a change in color and pain during breastfeeding. A calcium channel blocker was the most used medication with or without non-pharmacological measures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disease Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Diseases)

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11 pages, 449 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Interplay of Dyadic Consensus, Reflective Functioning, and Perinatal Affective Difficulties in Modulating Fear of COVID-19 among First-Time Mothers: A Mediation Analysis

by Andrea Fontana, Sonia Mangialavori, Grazia Terrone, Lucrezia Trani, Eleonora Topino, Valeria Trincia, Giulia Lisi, Giuseppe Ducci and Marco Cacioppo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 848; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070848 (registering DOI) - 28 Jun 2024

Viewed by 140

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated fears and anxieties, potentially influencing maternal perinatal mental health. This study addresses a gap in the literature on fear of COVID-19 in pregnant women, aiming to identify contributing factors. Method: Participants were 401 primiparous women with an [...] Read more.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated fears and anxieties, potentially influencing maternal perinatal mental health. This study addresses a gap in the literature on fear of COVID-19 in pregnant women, aiming to identify contributing factors. Method: Participants were 401 primiparous women with an average age of 34 years (SD = 4.56) who were recruited through the National Health System during birth support courses. They completed a series of self-reported instruments via an online survey, providing information on their levels of reflective functioning, dyadic consensus, perinatal maternal affectivity, and fear of COVID-19. Pearson’s correlation and mediation analysis via a generalized linear model were implemented to analyze the collected data. Results: The relationship between dyadic consensus and fear of COVID-19 was significant and negative. Furthermore, a significant parallel mediation involving perinatal maternal affectivity and reflective functioning was found to the extent that, when these factors were inserted into the model, the direct association between dyadic consensus and fear of COVID-19 became non-significant (total mediation). Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of dyadic adjustment in alleviating maternal COVID-19 fear, emphasizing interventions promoting couple functioning, mentalization, and addressing affective difficulties. Such approaches are vital for supporting expecting mothers during challenging times like the COVID-19 pandemic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk and Protective Factors for Maternal and Paternal Mental Health during the Perinatal Period)

29 pages, 712 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Working Environment in Primary Healthcare Outpatient Facilities: Assessment of Physical Factors and Health Professionals’ Perceptions of Working Environment Conditions

by Marta Regina Cezar-Vaz, Clarice Alves Bonow, Joana Cezar Vaz, Carlos Henrique Cardona Nery, Mara Regina Santos da Silva, Daniela Menezes Galvão, Aline Soares Alves, Flávia Santana Freitas Sousa, Joice Simionato Vettorello, Jociel Lima de Souza and Joaquim Vaz

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 847; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070847 (registering DOI) - 28 Jun 2024

Viewed by 153

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to assess the adequacy of physical parameters/factors (temperature, relative humidity, noise, and illuminance levels) of the work environment in PHC facilities, to evaluate the association between the adequacy of these measured physical parameters and the physical characteristics [...] Read more.

The objectives of this study were to assess the adequacy of physical parameters/factors (temperature, relative humidity, noise, and illuminance levels) of the work environment in PHC facilities, to evaluate the association between the adequacy of these measured physical parameters and the physical characteristics of the PHC facilities and their surroundings and to assess the association between health professionals’ perceptions about exposure to physical risks in the PHC work environment and the adequacy of physical parameters measured in the same facilities. The study monitored 23 PHC facilities in southern Brazil and interviewed 210 health professionals. Data analysis involved Pearson’s chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Spearman’s correlation, and multivariate linear regression analysis was used to control for confounding factors. The significance level was set at 5% (p ≤ 0.05). The combination of temperature and relative humidity presented thermal comfort levels outside the adopted criteria for adequacy in consultation (outdoor relative humidity, p = 0.013) and procedure rooms (front door open, p = 0.034). Inadequate sound comfort (noise) levels in the morning shift were found in the vaccination (front door open, p = 0.021) and consultation rooms (movement of people, p = 0.016). In PHC facilities where reception rooms had insufficient lighting, internal curtains were opened less frequently (p = 0.047). The analysis of health professionals’ perceptions of physical factors demonstrated that physicians more frequently perceive the physical risk of temperature and humidity (p = 0.044). The higher the number of nurses (p = 0.004) and oral health technicians in the PHC facilities (p = 0.031), the greater the general percentage of adequacy of monitored physical parameters. It was also confirmed that the higher the perception of moderate or severe physical risk among health professionals, the lower the general percentage of the adequacy of the physical parameters of the work environment of the PHC facilities evaluated (r_s = −0.450, p = 0.031). This study’s evidence contributes to a better understanding of physical conditions and future occupational interventions to ensure the comfort, safety, and well-being of PHC workers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Environmental Aspects in the Maintenance of Human Health)

18 pages, 1922 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hair Dye and Relaxer Use among Cisgender Women in Embu and Nakuru Counties, Kenya: Associations with Perceived Risk of Breast Cancer and Other Health Effects

by Adana A. M. Llanos, Adiba Ashrafi, Teresa Olisa, Amber Rockson, Alexis Schaefer, Jasmine A. McDonald, Mary Beth Terry, Dede K. Teteh-Brooks, Dustin T. Duncan, Beatrice Irungu, Cecilia Kimani and Esther Matu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070846 (registering DOI) - 28 Jun 2024

Viewed by 179

Abstract

Despite widespread use of hair products globally, little is known about the prevalence and patterns of use in populations outside the United States. As some hair products contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and EDCs have been linked to breast cancer, which is increasing globally, [...] Read more.

Despite widespread use of hair products globally, little is known about the prevalence and patterns of use in populations outside the United States. As some hair products contain endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and EDCs have been linked to breast cancer, which is increasing globally, in this study, we addressed key knowledge gaps about hair product use and practices, and perceptions of use among women in two counties in Kenya. Using community-engaged approaches in Embu and Nakuru, Kenya, we recruited women aged 15–50 years to complete a questionnaire that ascertained hair product use in the last 7–14 days, ever using hair dyes and chemical relaxers, and participants’ perceptions or harm around hair product use. In multivariable-adjusted regression models, we evaluated associations between participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and perceptions of hair product use in relation to if they have ever used hair dyes and relaxers. In our sample of 746 women (mean age, 30.4 ± 8.1 years), approximately one-third of participants reported ever using permanent and/or semi-permanent hair dyes, with approximately one-fifth reporting current use. Almost 60% reported ever using chemical relaxers, with a little over one-third reporting current use. Increasing age and having an occupation in the sales and service industry were statistically significant predictors of hair dye use (OR 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02–1.06 and OR 2.05, 95% CI: 1.38–3.03, respectively) and relaxer use (OR 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06 and OR 1.93, 95% CI: 1.30–2.87). On average, participants reported moderate-to-high levels of concern about exposures and general health effects from using hair products, and relatively high levels of perceived risk of breast cancer related to hair product use. However, in contrast to our hypotheses, we observed mixed evidence regarding whether higher levels of perceived risk were associated with lower odds of ever using hair dyes and relaxers. These findings add new knowledge to the extant literature on hair product use among women in Kenya, where breast cancer incidence rates are increasing. Improving the understanding of patterns of use of specific products and their chemical ingredients—which may be hormone disruptors or carcinogens—and exploring the role of environmental health literacy are critical for developing interventions to reduce potentially harmful exposures found in these products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women's Health, Pregnancy and Child Health)

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10 pages, 362 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What Predicts a Longer Period of Pain in Patients Referred to an Interdisciplinary Center for Pain Care?

by Helen Cristina Nogueira Carrer, Melina Nevoeiro Haik, Gabriela Espósito, Fernando Augusto Vasilceac, Cristiane de Sousa Melo, Maria Gabriela Pedroso and Karina Gramani Say

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 845; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070845 - 28 Jun 2024

Viewed by 225

Abstract

Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is a global health condition that affects thousands of people. CMP can substantially affect the functional capacity and quality of life of the people impacted, resulting in high costs for health care and social security systems. Sociodemographic factors may [...] Read more.

Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is a global health condition that affects thousands of people. CMP can substantially affect the functional capacity and quality of life of the people impacted, resulting in high costs for health care and social security systems. Sociodemographic factors may play a significant role in pain chronification prevention and control programs. Thus, current risk factors for CMP must be seriously considered as part of an interdisciplinary management strategy. The purpose of the study was to identify the primary sociodemographic characteristics of CMP patients at a multidisciplinary and specialized center for chronic pain. This is a retrospective investigation based on a review of medical records. Age, gender, income, and the time of onset of pain symptoms were among the variables included in the analyzed data. To analyze variables related to the duration of discomfort, a multiple regression model was utilized. Sociodemographic factors explained 37.94% of experiencing prolonged pain, according to the study’s findings. Being female and having a family income above the minimum wage were variables that were directly proportional to discomfort duration. Age was not associated with a prolonged duration of pain perception. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Dysfunction)

13 pages, 804 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Maternal Stress Mediates Association of Infant Socioemotional Development with Perinatal Mental Health in Socioeconomically Vulnerable Peruvian Settings

by Magaly Nóblega, Olenka Retiz, Juan Nuñez del Prado and Ramón Bartra

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 844; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070844 - 28 Jun 2024

Viewed by 273

Abstract

Increased maternal mental health during the perinatal period has been widely associated with a variety of positive outcomes for both mothers and infants. However, no studies in Peru have yet focused on studying maternal mental health and related psychological variables during this stage. [...] Read more.

Increased maternal mental health during the perinatal period has been widely associated with a variety of positive outcomes for both mothers and infants. However, no studies in Peru have yet focused on studying maternal mental health and related psychological variables during this stage. Thus, the aim of this study was to test a model to associate a mother’s parental stress with infant socioemotional difficulties and maternal mental health. The sample included 988 mothers of infants aged 6 to 18 months from Peru, all from socioeconomically vulnerable settings. The findings showed that infant socioemotional difficulties were associated with poorer maternal mental health through the mother’s parental stress (χ²(7) = 28.89, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.98, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.03). These results provide a better understanding of the key elements associated with maternal mental health during the perinatal period in Peru and offer valuable insights for developing interventions and support strategies for socioeconomically vulnerable mothers and their young children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk and Protective Factors for Maternal and Paternal Mental Health during the Perinatal Period)

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24 pages, 943 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Nature-Based Intervention for Promoting Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Qualitative Study Using the COM-B Model

by Katherine N. Irvine, Daniel Fisher, Margaret Currie, Kathryn Colley and Sara L. Warber

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 843; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070843 - 27 Jun 2024

Viewed by 232

Abstract

Physical inactivity contributes to over 800,000 deaths annually. Numerous non-pharmacological interventions provide a route to address this behavioural risk factor linked to the growth of non-communicable diseases. Here, we consider a nature-based intervention, specifically group outdoor health walks (GOHW), as a non-pharmacological intervention [...] Read more.

Physical inactivity contributes to over 800,000 deaths annually. Numerous non-pharmacological interventions provide a route to address this behavioural risk factor linked to the growth of non-communicable diseases. Here, we consider a nature-based intervention, specifically group outdoor health walks (GOHW), as a non-pharmacological intervention to increase physical activity and contribute to health and quality of life amongst older adults. We used the theoretically grounded Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) model as a lens to examine interviews with participants in a GOHW with an activity tracker and signposted by health clinics in Scotland, UK. Analysis identified capabilities, opportunities, and motivations, their impact on behaviour, and perceived physical and mental health. The application of the COM-B model to intervention evaluation allowed us to examine two separate behaviours, that of (i) engaging with the intervention itself, and (ii) incorporating the behaviour into one’s life that the intervention targets. Analysis identified emerging capabilities, opportunities, and motivations that supported additional health-promoting behaviours, including increased time outdoors in nature and leadership to self-organise continued group walks. We offer insight into the design of nature-based interventions to effectively engage older adults with chronic health conditions and foster personal behaviour change for health and well-being. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-pharmacological Interventions for the Management of Chronic Health Conditions and Non-communicable Diseases)

22 pages, 1000 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Long Working Hours on Mental Health Status in Japan: Evidence from a National Representative Survey

by Xinxin Ma, Atushi Kawakami and Tomohiko Inui

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 842; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070842 - 27 Jun 2024

Viewed by 196

Abstract

Using the 2010–2019 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (CSLC) conducted in Japan, we examined the impact of long working hours on mental health in Japan while addressing the endogeneity issue arising from non-random selection bias. We assessed the variations in the effects of [...] Read more.

Using the 2010–2019 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (CSLC) conducted in Japan, we examined the impact of long working hours on mental health in Japan while addressing the endogeneity issue arising from non-random selection bias. We assessed the variations in the effects of long working hours on mental health across different groups. The results show that first, individuals working longer hours (55 h or more per week) exhibited a higher likelihood of developing mental illness than those working regular hours or fewer hours. Second, the negative effect of long working hours on mental health is more pronounced among non-regular workers than among regular workers. Third, the effect of long working hours on mental health varies among different demographic groups, with a greater impact observed among women, managers, non-regular workers, employees in small- or large-sized firms, and those in smaller cities compared to their counterparts. Thus, to enhance worker productivity, the Japanese government should address the issue of long working hours to improve employees’ mental well-being. Initiatives aimed at promoting work–life balance, family-friendly policies, and measures to ameliorate working conditions are expected to help mitigate the challenges associated with long working hours and mental health issues, especially among non-regular workers. Full article

13 pages, 534 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predicting Future Birth Rates with the Use of an Adaptive Machine Learning Algorithm: A Forecasting Experiment for Scotland

by Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Georgia Zournatzidou and Michael Kourakos

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070841 - 27 Jun 2024

Viewed by 214

Abstract

The total fertility rate is influenced over an extended period of time by shifts in population socioeconomic characteristics and attitudes and values. However, it may be impacted by macroeconomic trends in the short term, although these effects are likely to be minimal when [...] Read more.

The total fertility rate is influenced over an extended period of time by shifts in population socioeconomic characteristics and attitudes and values. However, it may be impacted by macroeconomic trends in the short term, although these effects are likely to be minimal when fertility is low. With the objective of forecasting monthly deliveries, this study concentrates on the analysis of registered births in Scotland. Through this approach, we examine the significance of precisely forecasting fertility trends, which can subsequently aid in the anticipation of demand in diverse sectors by allowing policymakers to anticipate changes in population dynamics and customize policies to tackle emerging demographic challenges. Consequently, this has implications for fiscal stability, national economic accounts and the environment. In conducting our analysis, we incorporated non-linear machine learning methods alongside traditional statistical approaches to forecast monthly births in an out-of-sample exercise that occurs one step in advance. The outcomes underscore the efficacy of machine learning in generating precise predictions within this particular domain. In sum, this research will comprehensively demonstrate a cutting-edge model of machine learning that utilizes several attributes to assist in clinical decision-making, predict potential complications during pregnancy and choose the appropriate delivery method, as well as help in medical diagnosis and treatment. Full article

24 pages, 6969 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Supervised Machine Learning-Based Models for Predicting Raised Blood Sugar

by Marwa Mustafa Owess, Amani Yousef Owda, Majdi Owda and Salwa Massad

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070840 - 27 Jun 2024

Viewed by 353

Abstract

Raised blood sugar (hyperglycemia) is considered a strong indicator of prediabetes or diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) affecting the adult population. Recently, the prevalence of diabetes has been increasing at a faster rate, especially in [...] Read more.

Raised blood sugar (hyperglycemia) is considered a strong indicator of prediabetes or diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) affecting the adult population. Recently, the prevalence of diabetes has been increasing at a faster rate, especially in developing countries. The primary concern associated with diabetes is the potential for serious health complications to occur if it is not diagnosed early. Therefore, timely detection and screening of diabetes is considered a crucial factor in treating and controlling the disease. Population screening for raised blood sugar aims to identify individuals at risk before symptoms appear, enabling timely intervention and potentially improved health outcomes. However, implementing large-scale screening programs can be expensive, requiring testing, follow-up, and management resources, potentially straining healthcare systems. Given the above facts, this paper presents supervised machine-learning models to detect and predict raised blood sugar. The proposed raised blood sugar models utilize diabetes-related risk factors including age, body mass index (BMI), eating habits, physical activity, prevalence of other diseases, and fasting blood sugar obtained from the dataset of the STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor study collected from adults in the Palestinian community. The diabetes risk factor obtained from the STEPS dataset was used as input for building the prediction model that was trained using various types of supervised learning classification algorithms including random forest, decision tree, Adaboost, XGBoost, bagging decision trees, and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). Based on the experimental results, the raised blood sugar models demonstrated optimal performance when implemented with a random forest classifier, yielding an accuracy of 98.4%. Followed by the bagging decision trees, XGBoost, MLP, AdaBoost, and decision tree with an accuracy of 97.4%, 96.4%, 96.3%, 95.2%, and 94.8%, respectively. Full article

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12 pages, 761 KiB

Open AccessReview

Bullying and Cyberbullying in School: Rapid Review on the Roles of Gratitude, Forgiveness, and Self-Regulation

by Wanderlei Abadio de Oliveira, Antonio Marcos Neves Esteca, Solange Muglia Wechsler and Ersilia Menesini

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070839 - 27 Jun 2024

Viewed by 228

Abstract

This study aims to assist decision-making in anti-bullying interventions by highlighting the importance of positive factors such as gratitude, forgiveness, and self-regulation in mitigating the negative impacts of bullying/cyberbullying. The objective was to examine and synthesize available evidence on the impact of gratitude, [...] Read more.

This study aims to assist decision-making in anti-bullying interventions by highlighting the importance of positive factors such as gratitude, forgiveness, and self-regulation in mitigating the negative impacts of bullying/cyberbullying. The objective was to examine and synthesize available evidence on the impact of gratitude, forgiveness, and self-regulation practices in the school context regarding bullying/cyberbullying phenomena. Three databases were consulted (Web of Science, Scopus, and Scielo), and the results include 14 articles. The three character strengths were associated with psychological well-being, life and school satisfaction, improved mental health, increased likelihood of engaging in pro-social behavior, and reduced involvement in bullying/cyberbullying situations. These strengths have the potential to enhance overall well-being and decrease risk behaviors, leading to more positive outcomes in experiences of violence. These results underscore the importance of considering students’ individual strengths and the possible interventions to promote healthy school environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral and Mental Health)

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22 pages, 876 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analyzing the Shortcomings in Smart Healthcare for Remote Home Care—A Case Study of the Taiwan Market

by Yunqi Yang and Grace T. R. Lin

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 838; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070838 - 27 Jun 2024

Viewed by 297

Abstract

In Taiwan, remote healthcare initially focused on telemedicine, with systematic development starting in 2007 through the “Remote Care Pilot Program” and subsequent initiatives. Significant advancements came with the “Remote Health Care Services Development Plan” in 2010, which integratedArtificial intelligence and Information and communications [...] Read more.

In Taiwan, remote healthcare initially focused on telemedicine, with systematic development starting in 2007 through the “Remote Care Pilot Program” and subsequent initiatives. Significant advancements came with the “Remote Health Care Services Development Plan” in 2010, which integratedArtificial intelligence and Information and communications technologies, enhancing smart healthcare in home care. This study investigated strategic gaps in smart healthcare applications for remote home care using a mixed-methods approach, particularly the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This study identified and ranked strategic gaps, including “legal regulations”, “economic factors”, “user behavior habits”, “policy and culture”, and “environment and technology”. Findings, based on in-depth interviews with 6 experts and 16 AHP questionnaire samples, highlight “legal regulations” and “user behavior habits” as critical areas needing attention. Addressing these gaps can improve user acceptance and the effectiveness of smart healthcare applications, providing valuable insights for future research and practice in making remote home care more comprehensive and efficient. Full article

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9 pages, 604 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Assessing the Impact of Behavioral Sciences Interventions on Chronic Disease Prevention and Management: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

by Rafael Corrêa, Matheus Britto Froner and Benjamin Miranda Tabak

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 837; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070837 - 27 Jun 2024

Viewed by 226

Abstract

Studies have highlighted the importance of applying Behavioral Sciences interventions to develop equity in the prevention of chronic diseases in the public health domain. Our study aims to assess the evidence of this influence. We undertook a systematic review study using the electronic [...] Read more.

Studies have highlighted the importance of applying Behavioral Sciences interventions to develop equity in the prevention of chronic diseases in the public health domain. Our study aims to assess the evidence of this influence. We undertook a systematic review study using the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane, searching for work published between 2013 and 2023. The research analyzed the influence of Behavioral Sciences intervention studies on public health. This review was registered and published in PROSPERO, registration number CRD42023412377. The systematic search identified 2951 articles. The review analyzed 26 studies. The quality assessment of the articles showed an overall average of 74%, with the majority of studies being of high quality. The interventions with the best evidence for chronic diseases used framing messages, nudges and vouchers. Messages with incentives also showed satisfactory evidence. The most prevalent outcomes were related to screening tests and patient adherence to treatment. The current state of decision-making remains mainly at the patient level, with potential for further exploration of the roles of healthcare professionals and decision-makers in future research efforts. Limitations relate to the heterogeneity of the study sample, which hinders a more precise analysis of specific interventions and outcomes in chronic diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis Approaches for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion)

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18 pages, 616 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unmasking the Risk Factors Associated with Undiagnosed Diabetes and Prediabetes in Ghana: Insights from Cardiometabolic Risk (CarMeR) Study-APTI Project

by Thomas Hormenu, Iddrisu Salifu, Juliet Elikem Paku, Eric Awlime-Ableh, Ebenezer Oduro Antiri, Augustine Mac-Hubert Gabla, Rudolf Aaron Arthur, Benjamin Nyane, Samuel Amoah, Cecil Banson and James Kojo Prah

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070836 - 26 Jun 2024

Viewed by 546

Abstract

Introduction: Undiagnosed diabetes poses significant public health challenges in Ghana. Numerous factors may influence the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes among adults, and therefore, using a model that takes into account the intricate network of these relationships should be considered. Our goal was to [...] Read more.

Introduction: Undiagnosed diabetes poses significant public health challenges in Ghana. Numerous factors may influence the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes among adults, and therefore, using a model that takes into account the intricate network of these relationships should be considered. Our goal was to evaluate fasting plasma levels, a critical indicator of diabetes, and the associated direct and indirect associated or protective factors. Methods: This research employed a cross-sectional survey to sample 1200 adults aged 25–70 years who perceived themselves as healthy and had not been previously diagnosed with diabetes from 13 indigenous communities within the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana. Diabetes was diagnosed based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria for fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profiles were determined using Mindray equipment (August 2022, China). A stepwise WHO questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. We analyzed the associations among the exogenous, mediating, and endogenous variables using a generalized structural equation model (GSEM). Results: Overall, the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in the Cape Coast Metropolis was found to be 14.2% and 3.84%, respectively. In the sex domain, females had a higher prevalence of prediabetes (15.33%) and diabetes (5.15%) than males (12.62% and 1.24%, respectively). Rural areas had the highest prevalence, followed by peri-urban areas, whereas urban areas had the lowest prevalence. In the GSEM results, we found that body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and female sex were direct predictive factors for prediabetes and diabetes, based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. Indirect factors influencing diabetes and prediabetes through waist circumference (WC) included childhood overweight status, family history, age 35–55 and 56–70, and moderate and high socioeconomic status. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, childhood overweight, low physical activity, female sex, moderate and high socioeconomic status, and market trading were also associated with high BMI, indirectly influencing prediabetes and diabetes. Total cholesterol, increased TG levels, WC, age, low physical activity, and rural dwellers were identified as indirectly associated factors with prediabetes and diabetes through SBP. Religion, male sex, and alcohol consumption were identified as predictive factors for GGT, indirectly influencing prediabetes and diabetes. Conclusion: Diabetes in indigenous communities is directly influenced by blood lipid, BMI, SBP, and alcohol levels. Childhood obesity, physical inactivity, sex, socioeconomic status, and family history could indirectly influence diabetes development. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and health-sector stakeholders, enabling them to understand the factors associated with diabetes development and implement necessary public health interventions and personalized care strategies for prevention and management in Ghana. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Epidemiology and Global Health)

13 pages, 393 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Dust Storms on People Living in Beijing: A Qualitative Study

by Zhaohe Chang and Susan Bodnar

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070835 - 26 Jun 2024

Viewed by 260

Abstract

Dust storms, which are common aversive occurrences in northern China, result from high winds, dry soil or dust, and soil surface disturbance. Exposure to dust storms, regardless of duration, can induce varying mental and physical distress levels. Recognizing the urgency of comprehending the [...] Read more.

Dust storms, which are common aversive occurrences in northern China, result from high winds, dry soil or dust, and soil surface disturbance. Exposure to dust storms, regardless of duration, can induce varying mental and physical distress levels. Recognizing the urgency of comprehending the impact of dust storms on residents and the scarcity of information on their effects on the indigenous civilians there, this study aims to address this gap by qualitatively sampling 29 participants from Beijing, a typical city in northern China. The current study seeks to gain insights into residents’ dust storm experiences and explore their perspectives on effective coping mechanisms. The findings align with existing knowledge regarding the mental and physical repercussions of dust storms while identifying some emerging patterns of coping mechanisms already employed by residents in Beijing. Concerns regarding mental well-being, either directly influenced by the environmental conditions or indirectly stemming from disruptions to life routines on a broader scale, persistently dominate people’s perceptions of dust storms. New themes emerged following the step-by-step exploration of feelings and coping mechanisms. This study aims to enlighten the public about the ramifications of the dust storms in Beijing and advocate for essential policy support. Full article

11 pages, 417 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Alcohol Consumption Norms and the Favored Alcohol Consumption Policies of Citizens of Seoul

by Jina Kang, Hyeri Han, Hyeongsu Kim, AhHyun Park, Dasom Kim, Rahil Hwang, Miyoung Kim, Young Ko and Sungwon Jung

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 834; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070834 - 26 Jun 2024

Viewed by 251

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to define the alcohol consumption norms and attitudes toward alcohol regulation policies among citizens of Seoul and the relationships between such norms and the favored regulatory policies. The study population consisted of 1001 adults aged 19–80 years [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to define the alcohol consumption norms and attitudes toward alcohol regulation policies among citizens of Seoul and the relationships between such norms and the favored regulatory policies. The study population consisted of 1001 adults aged 19–80 years living in Seoul. We collected demographic data and data on health behaviors, attitudes towards drinking, and preferred alcohol regulation policies. The correlations between drinking and the favored regulatory policies were analyzed. Male, as well as being employed, aged 19–39 years, single, a smoker, and a current or heavy episodic drinker were associated with more positive attitudes toward drinking (all p < 0.001) and less desire for alcohol regulation policies (all p < 0.001). We found a significant negative correlation between attitudes toward drinking and preferred alcohol regulation policies (p < 0.001). Participants who favored reduced or no alcohol consumption and a reduction in alcohol-related harm were more accepting of restrictive alcohol consumption policies. To establish alcohol control polices, differences in drinking norms within populations should be considered. Furthermore, for a successful alcohol control policy, efforts should be made to change drinking norms, as well as consider differences in regulatory policy preferences between population groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral and Mental Health)

11 pages, 308 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise’s Impact on Cognitive Functions in Eighth Grade Students

by Heather Erwin and Sarah Schreiber

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 833; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070833 - 26 Jun 2024

Viewed by 262

Abstract

The present study examined the impact of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on cognitive abilities in eighth grade students at one middle school in southeastern US. It is known that youth do not meet recommended physical activity levels, yet there is research demonstrating a [...] Read more.

The present study examined the impact of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on cognitive abilities in eighth grade students at one middle school in southeastern US. It is known that youth do not meet recommended physical activity levels, yet there is research demonstrating a clear connection between aerobic exercise and academic performance. There is a gap in evidence regarding anaerobic exercise and cognitive capabilities. If professionals know which type of exercise is most beneficial for enhancing cognition in youth, it will behoove them to incorporate these practices in physical education and other areas throughout the school day for students. Thus, this research aimed to answer the following question: what is the effect of both aerobic and anaerobic exercise on the cognitive functions of eighth grade students, specifically measuring working memory, attention, and impulsivity? Fifty research participants (N = 31 males, 18 females, 1 other), aged 13–14, consented/assented to the complete study protocols. Participants engaged in an experiment containing three different cognitive tasks after partaking in three separate exercise conditions. The cognitive measures were the Stroop color–word task [¹], the Flanker test [²], and the Go/No Go task [³], which all measured reaction time and the number of correct responses. The exercise conditions were baseline (after no exercise), aerobic (after a continuous running activity in PE), and anaerobic (after completing an interval dumbbell workout in PE). Each condition took place on a separate day to decrease the effect of confounding variables. The data were analyzed using the Scheffe modification of the MANOVA to determine whether multiple levels of the independent variable influenced the dependent variables (the reaction time and number of correct responses) or if a combination of variables influenced the outcomes. Each cognitive test was analyzed separately. The results showed that the exercise condition did significantly impact the reaction time and the number of correct responses for the Stroop color–word task [F(4, 254) = 8.59, p < 0.001; Pillai’s Trace = 0.24]. Specifically, aerobic exercise improved both reaction time (p < 0.001) and the number of correct responses (p = 0.001) compared to baseline, while anaerobic exercise improved just reaction time compared to baseline. To find out more detailed information about the specific dependent variable affected by the exercise program, individual ANOVA tests were conducted, resulting in statistical significance for both the number of correct responses and reaction time regarding the program. The partial Eta² of 0.07 for the number of correct responses and 0.24 for reaction time indicated that 7% of the variance in correct responses and 24% of the variance in reaction time could be explained by the exercise program. While both are significant, reaction time is more impacted by exercise program than correct responses are. Given these findings, it is recommended that aerobic physical activity be offered in school prior to assigning cognitively challenging tasks, while quick anaerobic activity breaks should be used to refocus students’ attention. More research should be conducted to examine other cognitive abilities, as well as in other populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Cognition: Inseparable in the Education and Participation)

22 pages, 410 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cyber Interpersonal Violence: Adolescent Perspectives and Digital Practices

by Bárbara Machado, Paula Lobato de Faria, Isabel Araújo and Sónia Caridade

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 832; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070832 - 26 Jun 2024

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Abstract

Background: The pervasive use of technology, especially among adolescents, has enabled cyber communication and brought many advantages but also led to potential violence. The issue of cyber interpersonal violence (CIV) impacting young individuals is increasingly recognized as a matter of public health; however, [...] Read more.

Background: The pervasive use of technology, especially among adolescents, has enabled cyber communication and brought many advantages but also led to potential violence. The issue of cyber interpersonal violence (CIV) impacting young individuals is increasingly recognized as a matter of public health; however, little is known about adolescents’ perspectives of the phenomenon. This study explores adolescents’ perspectives on CIV. It seeks to understand their interpretations of abuse, victim impact and reactions, violence escalation, gender issues, victimization and perpetration patterns, and bystander roles. Methods: This qualitative study used fifteen focus groups to gather elementary school participants’ perspectives on cyber interpersonal violence. From four Portuguese schools, 108 participants (M = 12.87 and SD = 0.31) participated in the study. A thematic analysis uncovered three themes. The results evidenced adolescents’ perspectives about CIV. Due to the amount of time spent online, adolescents regularly encounter cyber harassment and recognize the importance of help-seeking. Mental health problems and their influence on the social and educational lives of adolescents is arising as a CIV problem. Conclusions: Parents play a crucial role in mitigating CIV as well as bystanders. Future programs should promote healthy relationships, raise CIV awareness, involve stakeholders, guide parents, integrate perpetrators into programs, and foster effective networking. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Childhood and Adolescent Experience: Deviant Behaviors in Different Contexts)

26 pages, 2587 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Data Mining Strategies by Data Type, with a Focus on Construction Processes and Health and Safety Management

by Antonella Pireddu, Angelico Bedini, Mara Lombardi, Angelo L. C. Ciribini and Davide Berardi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070831 - 26 Jun 2024

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Abstract

Increasingly, information technology facilitates the storage and management of data useful for risk analysis and event prediction. Studies on data extraction related to occupational health and safety are increasingly available; however, due to its variability, the construction sector warrants special attention. This review [...] Read more.

Increasingly, information technology facilitates the storage and management of data useful for risk analysis and event prediction. Studies on data extraction related to occupational health and safety are increasingly available; however, due to its variability, the construction sector warrants special attention. This review is conducted under the research programs of the National Institute for Occupational Accident Insurance (Inail). Objectives: The research question focuses on identifying which data mining (DM) methods, among supervised, unsupervised, and others, are most appropriate for certain investigation objectives, types, and sources of data, as defined by the authors. Methods: Scopus and ProQuest were the main sources from which we extracted studies in the field of construction, published between 2014 and 2023. The eligibility criteria applied in the selection of studies were based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). For exploratory purposes, we applied hierarchical clustering, while for in-depth analysis, we used principal component analysis (PCA) and meta-analysis. Results: The search strategy based on the PRISMA eligibility criteria provided us with 63 out of 2234 potential articles, 206 observations, 89 methodologies, 4 survey purposes, 3 data sources, 7 data types, and 3 resource types. Cluster analysis and PCA organized the information included in the paper dataset into two dimensions and labels: “supervised methods, institutional dataset, and predictive and classificatory purposes” (correlation 0.97–8.18 × 10⁻¹; p-value 7.67 × 10⁻⁵⁵–1.28 × 10⁻²²) and the second, Dim2 “not-supervised methods; project, simulation, literature, text data; monitoring, decision-making processes; machinery and environment” (corr. 0.84–0.47; p-value 5.79 × 10⁻²⁵–-3.59 × 10⁻⁶). We answered the research question regarding which method, among supervised, unsupervised, or other, is most suitable for application to data in the construction industry. Conclusions: The meta-analysis provided an overall estimate of the better effectiveness of supervised methods (Odds Ratio = 0.71, Confidence Interval 0.53–0.96) compared to not-supervised methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic New Research in Work-Related Diseases, Safety and Health)

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17 pages, 349 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stress, Mental Health, and Risk-Taking: Associations among a Sample of Agricultural Adolescents

by Josie M. Rudolphi and Richard L. Berg

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070830 - 26 Jun 2024

Viewed by 287

Abstract

Farm stress and mental health research has largely focused on adult producers, even though youths live and work on farms. The purpose of this study is to describe the stress and mental health experience of agricultural youths and describe participation in risk-taking behaviors. [...] Read more.

Farm stress and mental health research has largely focused on adult producers, even though youths live and work on farms. The purpose of this study is to describe the stress and mental health experience of agricultural youths and describe participation in risk-taking behaviors. Farm families in the U.S. were invited to participate in an online survey that inquired about farm economics, stress (ASQ-S), mental health (PHQ-A and SCARED), parenting, social support, and risk-taking behaviors during the summers in 2021 and 2022. This analysis is limited to adolescent respondents (N = 298). Just over 70% of the farm adolescent sample met the criteria for at least mild symptoms of depression (PHQ-A score ≥ 5). Among anxiety disorders, 62.8% of the farm adolescent sample met the criteria for probable panic disorder, and 70.5% met the criteria for probable separation anxiety disorder. Adolescents reported the most stress around future uncertainty and school performance. The stress scores were significantly associated with more symptoms of depression. Over a quarter (27.7%) of the participants reported carrying a weapon at least 1 day in the past month, and 22.5% reported carrying a weapon on school property at least 1 day in the past month. Violence-related risk-taking behaviors were also associated with increased symptoms of depression. The results underscore the need for community- and school-based stress and mental health interventions in rural and agricultural communities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Wellbeing of Children and Adolescents)

16 pages, 309 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Can Transitional Housing Be Improved? Insights from Residents’ Experiences and Perceptions in New York City

by Zeynab Jouzi, Lauren San Diego, Neil A. Lewis, Jr. and Tashara M. Leak

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(7), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21070829 - 26 Jun 2024

Viewed by 306

Abstract

Homelessness, affecting over half a million Americans, significantly elevates the risks of mental and physical health issues, consequently diminishing life expectancy when compared with the general population. Homelessness is a critical public health issue, and efforts are needed to address lack of housing [...] Read more.

Homelessness, affecting over half a million Americans, significantly elevates the risks of mental and physical health issues, consequently diminishing life expectancy when compared with the general population. Homelessness is a critical public health issue, and efforts are needed to address lack of housing as a social determinant of health. Transitional housing (TH) programs emerge as vital interventions, offering a place to stay with various support services to facilitate the transition to permanent residency. Nearly half of the unhoused population in the country and over 90% in New York live in TH or shelters. Despite the high utilization rates of TH, engagement with support services and opportunities for improvement remain poorly understood. This study aimed to fill this gap by examining the factors influencing support service usage and opportunities for enhancement through semi-structured interviews with TH residents in New York City to capture their lived experiences and perspectives. Analysis of the interviews (n = 20) revealed five main factors affecting service engagement that aligned with constructs of the socioecological model: intrapersonal (self-efficacy, chronic health conditions, mental health), interpersonal (parenthood and well-being of children with special needs, individual staff interactions, and communication), institutional (bureaucratic challenges, administrative burden, and living facilities), community (social isolation and educational opportunity), and policy (challenge meeting basic needs and undocumented status). Recommendations for bridging service gaps primarily arose at the institutional and community levels, offering critical insights for administrators to tailor services more effectively to TH residents’ needs, thus contributing to the broader goal of advancing health equity among the unhoused. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Built Environment and Public Health: Land Use, Neighborhoods, and Housing)

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, Volume 21, Issue 7 (July 2024) – 46 articles

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