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Family-Based Treatment Approaches in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
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Family-Based Treatment Approaches in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Behavioral and Mental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 12990

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Matthew G. Biel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Georgetown University Medical Center, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
Interests: child, adolescent, and adult psychiatry; child and adolescent development; mood and anxiety disorders; trauma and PTSD; psychosomatic illness and psychiatric care of the medically ill child
Dr. J. Corey Williams

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA
Interests: psychiatry; child and adolescent psychiatry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Research on mental health and well-being has focused on the mental health of individuals. However, for most individuals, and especially for children and adolescents, mental health and well-being are familial in nature. Parents and caregivers shape the mental health of children via family routines and modes of interaction; mental health problems are heritable; parental and children’s mental health problems are interrelated; the treatment of parental mental health problems relieves children’s mental health problems; and parental involvement in the treatment of children’s mental health problems improves clinical outcomes. To advance the understanding and promotion of mental health in children and adolescents, the field needs to develop family-based clinical approaches. These new approaches require paradigm shifts in models of treatment delivery within health systems that are designed to treat individuals, not families. Additionally, family-based approaches can be developed in ways that are responsive to the needs of different cultural groups, and have the potential to improve participation and outcomes for racial, ethnic, and cultural groups that are underserved by existing clinical services. Papers seeking to explore, innovate, and elevate family-based mental health approaches are invited for submission to this Special Issue, especially those that consider cultural and historical contexts and those that focus on BIPOC communities.

Dr. Matthew G. Biel
Dr. J. Corey Williams
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

 

Keywords

  • family
  • intergenerational
  • relational health
  • early intervention
  • prevention
  • dyadic

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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48 pages, 420 KiB  
Article
Black Clinicians’ Perceptions of the Cultural Relevance of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy for Black Families
by Erica E. Coates, Sierra Coffey, Kaela Farrise Beauvoir, Emily Aron, Katherine R. Hayes and Felipa T. Chavez
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(10), 1327; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21101327 - 8 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1005
Abstract
Parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT) is a highly efficacious, evidence-based treatment for children with disruptive behaviors and their families. PCIT is a dyadic therapy designed to improve parent–child relationships and decrease children’s behavioral problems. PCIT research specific to Black families is currently sparse. Given [...] Read more.
Parent–child interaction therapy (PCIT) is a highly efficacious, evidence-based treatment for children with disruptive behaviors and their families. PCIT is a dyadic therapy designed to improve parent–child relationships and decrease children’s behavioral problems. PCIT research specific to Black families is currently sparse. Given findings that Black families have a higher attrition rate and demonstrate fewer significant improvements in parental well-being outcomes, we sought to assess clinicians’ perceived cultural alignment of PCIT with Black families. We conducted individual interviews via Zoom with 10 Black clinicians, trained in PCIT, who had experience treating Black families using PCIT. The research team generated the following themes using thematic analysis: cultural misalignment, manualization, barriers to treatment, generational patterns of discipline, racial considerations, and protocol changes. Findings indicate that Black clinicians have identified various points of cultural misalignment in providing PCIT with Black families, for which they have modified treatment or suggested changes to improve cultural sensitivity. Collating suggested clinician modifications to inform a cultural adaptation of PCIT for Black families may contribute to a reduction in the attrition rate and improvement in outcomes for Black families participating in PCIT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Family-Based Treatment Approaches in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services)
20 pages, 573 KiB  
Article
The Integrated Family Approach in Mental Health Care Services: A Study of Risk Factors
by Hanna Stolper, Marjolein van der Vegt, Karin van Doesum and Majone Steketee
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(5), 640; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050640 - 17 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1614
Abstract
Background: Parental mental disorders in families are frequently accompanied with other problems. These include family life, the development of children, and the social and economic environment. Mental health services often focus treatments on the individual being referred, with little attention to parenting, the [...] Read more.
Background: Parental mental disorders in families are frequently accompanied with other problems. These include family life, the development of children, and the social and economic environment. Mental health services often focus treatments on the individual being referred, with little attention to parenting, the family, child development, and environmental factors. This is despite the fact that there is substantial evidence to suggest that the children of these parents are at increased risk of developing a mental disorder throughout the course of their lives. Young children are particularly vulnerable to environmental influences given the level of dependency in this stage of development. Objective: The main objective of this study was to identify whether there were a complexity of problems and risks in a clinical sample of patients and their young children (0–6) in mental health care, and, if so, whether this complexity was reflected in the integrated treatment given. Methods: The data were collected for 26 risk factors, based on the literature, and then subdivided into the parental, child, family, and environmental domains. The data were obtained from the electronic case files of 100 patients at an adult mental health service and the corresponding 100 electronic case files of their infants at a child mental health service. Results: The findings evidenced a notable accumulation of risk factors within families, with a mean number of 8.43 (SD 3.2) risk factors. Almost all of the families had at least four risk factors, more than half of them had between six and ten risk factors, and a quarter of them had between eleven and sixteen risk factors. Furthermore, two-thirds of the families had at least one risk factor in each of the four domains. More than half of the families received support from at least two organizations in addition to the involvement of adult and child mental health services, which is also an indication of the presence of cumulative problems. Conclusion: This study of a clinical sample shows clearly that the mental disorder among most of the patients, who were all parents of young children, was only one of the problems they had to deal with. The cumulation of risk factors—especially in the family domain—increased the risk of the intergenerational transmission of mental disorders. To prevent these parents and their young children being caught up in this intergenerational cycle, a broad assessment is needed. In addition, malleable risk factors should be addressed in treatment and in close collaboration with other services. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Family-Based Treatment Approaches in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services)
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12 pages, 530 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Postpartum Depression on the Early Mother-Infant Relationship during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perception versus Reality
by Misty C. Richards, Camila A. Ferrario, Ying Yan and Nicole M. McDonald
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(2), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21020164 - 31 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3113
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) can interfere with the establishment of affective bonds between infant and mother, which is important for the cognitive, social–emotional, and physical development of the child. Rates of PPD have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, likely due to the added stress [...] Read more.
Postpartum depression (PPD) can interfere with the establishment of affective bonds between infant and mother, which is important for the cognitive, social–emotional, and physical development of the child. Rates of PPD have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, likely due to the added stress and limited support available to new parents. The present study examined whether parenting-related stress, perceived bonding impairments, the quality of observed mother–infant interactions, and salivary oxytocin levels differ between depressed and non-depressed mothers, along with differential impacts of COVID-19 on depressed mothers. Participants included 70 mothers (45 depressed, 25 controls) with infants aged 2–6 months. All data were collected remotely to ease participant burden during the pandemic. Depression was associated with experiences of heightened parenting-related stress and bonding difficulties. These differences were not observed during mother–infant interactions or in salivary oxytocin levels. Differences in COVID-19-related experiences were minimal, though depressed mothers rated slightly higher stress associated with returning to work and financial impacts of the pandemic. Findings highlight the importance of early intervention for PPD to mitigate long-term effects on mothers, children, and families. Additionally, they underscore the need for early intervention to support the developing mother–infant dyad relationship during this crucial time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Family-Based Treatment Approaches in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services)
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Review

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14 pages, 480 KiB  
Review
Centering Diverse Communities within Mindful Parenting Interventions in the U.S.: A Narrative Literature Review
by J. Corey Williams, Noel Bravo, Preeti Kota, Janaire Hawkins and Katherine Greene
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(10), 1360; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21101360 - 15 Oct 2024
Viewed by 290
Abstract
Background: While mindfulness-based interventions targeted toward parents (and families) in the U.S. offer promise for the treatment and prevention of youth psychological disorders, current research has established the underrepresentation of diverse participants in the research literature. The full extent of inequalities in the [...] Read more.
Background: While mindfulness-based interventions targeted toward parents (and families) in the U.S. offer promise for the treatment and prevention of youth psychological disorders, current research has established the underrepresentation of diverse participants in the research literature. The full extent of inequalities in the demographics of participation in parent mindfulness intervention is less understood. Objective: This study aimed to utilize a narrative literature review approach to examine and describe the degree to which research on mindful parenting interventions is inclusive of BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color) communities, non-clinical samples (no diagnosed disorder), cultural adaptions, and skills specific to parenting. Methods: An electronic database search of US-based studies was undertaken for empirical studies that primarily focused on parent mindfulness interventions, which reported outcomes related to either parenting behaviors or child mental health outcomes. After a full-text review, the search resulted in 34 articles. A narrative literature review of the 34 studies was conducted to assess the inclusion of BIPOC communities, non-clinical samples, cultural adaptions, and skills specific to parenting. Results: This review found notable gaps in the degree to which mindful parenting research (1) included BIPOC populations in study samples; (2) focused on non-clinical samples; (3) adapted interventions to align with the cultural needs of participants; and (4) included the application of mindfulness to enhancing knowledge, skills, and behaviors specific to parenting. Conclusions: Given these gaps in the parent mindfulness literature, greater research attention is needed on mindful parenting interventions targeted toward BIPOC communities with no clinical diagnoses, interventions optimized by cultural adaptations, and explicit applications to parenting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Family-Based Treatment Approaches in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services)
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29 pages, 362 KiB  
Review
Healing Together: A Narrative Review on How Psychiatric Treatment for Parental Depression Impacts Children
by Michelle Cross, Yasmeen Abdul-Karim, Amy Johnson, Colleen Victor and Andrew Rosenfeld
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(3), 367; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030367 - 19 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1999
Abstract
It is well known that parental depression is correlated to adverse child mental health outcomes; but what is the effect of treating parental depression on the child? This narrative review aims to explore this question, and how certain specific interventions designed to help [...] Read more.
It is well known that parental depression is correlated to adverse child mental health outcomes; but what is the effect of treating parental depression on the child? This narrative review aims to explore this question, and how certain specific interventions designed to help depressed parents affect mental health outcomes in their children. The academic database APA PsychInfo was searched for articles that broadly included interventions for parents with depression as well as child wellbeing or outcomes as of October 2023. Additional searches were conducted in the academic database PubMed in December 2023 and January 2024. Forty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria and were examined closely for this review. The studies included were divided into the following categories: psychotherapy, psychopharmacology, parenting support, and paternal interventions. We discuss the implications of our review on clinical practice and recommend further research in this area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Family-Based Treatment Approaches in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services)

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

19 pages, 1158 KiB  
Essay
A Holistic Approach to Early Relational Health: Cultivating Culture, Diversity, and Equity
by Dominique Charlot-Swilley, Kandace Thomas, Christina F. Mondi, David W. Willis and Marie-Celeste Condon
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(5), 563; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050563 - 28 Apr 2024
Viewed by 2033
Abstract
Early Relational Health (ERH) is the foundation for infant and child emotional and social wellbeing. ERH is a quality of relationships co-created by infants, caregivers, and other members of their families and communities from pregnancy through childhood. Relationships themselves are not ERH; rather, [...] Read more.
Early Relational Health (ERH) is the foundation for infant and child emotional and social wellbeing. ERH is a quality of relationships co-created by infants, caregivers, and other members of their families and communities from pregnancy through childhood. Relationships themselves are not ERH; rather, ERH can be a feature of relationships. Those that are characterized by positive, shared emotionality become contexts within which members co-develop mutual capacities that enable them to prevail and flourish. This essay offers a synthesis of current knowledge about ERH in the US and begins to integrate Indigenous and non-Indigenous research and knowledge about ERH in the hope that readers will embrace “Etuaptmumk”—“Two-Eyed Seeing”. The authors maintain that systems of care for infants, families, and their communities must first and foremost attend to revitalization, cultural context, diversity, equity, and inclusion. Authors discuss key concepts in ERH; Indigenous and non-Indigenous research that inform ERH; structural and systemic factors in the US that affect ERH ecosystems; the critical intersections of culture, diversity, equity; the broader concept of village support for fostering ERH; and efforts to revitalize ERH discourse, practices, and policies. The authors advocate for a holistic approach to ERH and suggest future directions for research and advocacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Family-Based Treatment Approaches in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services)
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9 pages, 261 KiB  
Case Report
Family-Based Treatment for Anxiety, Depression, and ADHD for a Parent and Child
by Rachel Yoder, Alyssa Michaud, Amanda Feagans, Kendra E. Hinton-Froese, Allison Meyer, Victoria A. Powers, Leah Stalnaker and Melissa K. Hord
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(4), 504; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040504 - 19 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1969
Abstract
Children with mental illness commonly live with caregivers who suffer from mental illness. Integrated mental-health-treatment approaches can provide more convenient and comprehensive care for families. This case report describes family-based treatment (FBT) for one parent/child dyad. The parent was a 37-year-old female with [...] Read more.
Children with mental illness commonly live with caregivers who suffer from mental illness. Integrated mental-health-treatment approaches can provide more convenient and comprehensive care for families. This case report describes family-based treatment (FBT) for one parent/child dyad. The parent was a 37-year-old female with a history of anxiety and major depressive disorder and concern for symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The child was an 8-year-old female with generalized anxiety disorder and concern for ADHD and behavioral problems. The parent received individual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and parent management training. The child received CBT. Both also received medication management. The FBT team met regularly for coordinated treatment planning. Self-reported assessments via the Child Behavior Checklist showed meaningful improvement; anxiety decreased to nonclinical range week 12 and depression decreased to nonclinical range week 8. Clinician assessments showed improvement for both patients. Though more time intensive, FBT can yield significant improvement, particularly for children. Pragmatic approaches to treatment planning are important to minimize barriers to FBT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Family-Based Treatment Approaches in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services)
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