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Environmental Health Disparities in Vulnerable Populations

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 8894

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Division of International Health, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
Interests: outreach to underserved communities; health disparities; epidemiology of asthma; science education; children’s environmental health; international environmental and occupational health; environmental justice

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Environmental pollution is a preventable cause of death and disease that affects vulnerable populations disproportionately. Of annual deaths worldwide, over 1 in 6 is attributable to environmental exposures and most of these deaths occur among the most vulnerable. Because of the high impact that environmental health disparities have on public health, the definition of what makes a population “vulnerable” must be expanded. Some populations are especially vulnerable to environmental contaminants because of intrinsic physiological factors. One example of this type of vulnerability is children who are more susceptible to the effects of exposure to lead at different stages in their development. However, there are also inequities in the conceptualization and implementation of international and local environmental policies that inflict harm disproportionately on marginalized populations. The devastating impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the catastrophic effects of climate change have unmasked and further intensified environmental health disparities in vulnerable populations across the globe. Vulnerable populations often serve as the “canary in the coal mine,” an early warning sign of the urgent need to confront an environmental health threat. For environmental health disparities to be fully understood as a major component of public health, environmental health research must be anchored on social justice principles. The goals of this Special Issue are: 1) to contextualize environmental health research to include social justice, 2) to encourage more environmental health research that seeks to reduce harm in vulnerable populations, and 3) to extend the concept of vulnerability to environmental pollution to be inclusive of diverse populations in countries around the world. We invite papers in the following topics: 1) Ways in which disproportionate exposure to pollution causes disease in vulnerable populations, 2) Socioeconomic, physiologic, policy, race and racism, and other factors that increase the impact of environmental pollution on particular populations; 3) Community-based interventions and solutions that reduce environmental health disparities. 4) Global health policy interventions that address environmental inequalities between countries. 

Prof. Dr. Luz Claudio
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • environmental justice
  • intersectionality
  • environmental policies
  • health inequalities
  • marginalized communities
  • socioeconomic factors in health
  • pollution mitigation
  • inequities in environmental health

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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22 pages, 1794 KiB  
Article
“It Is Like We Are Living in a Different World”: Health Inequity in Communities Surrounding Industrial Mining Sites in Burkina Faso, Mozambique, and Tanzania
by Andrea Leuenberger, Olga Cambaco, Hyacinthe R. Zabré, Isaac Lyatuu, Jürg Utzinger, Khátia Munguambe, Sonja Merten and Mirko S. Winkler
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(21), 11015; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111015 - 20 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3147
Abstract
Background: Health equity features prominently in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, yet there are wide disparities in health between and within countries. In settings of natural resource extraction (e.g., industrial mines), the health of surrounding communities is affected through myriad changes in [...] Read more.
Background: Health equity features prominently in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, yet there are wide disparities in health between and within countries. In settings of natural resource extraction (e.g., industrial mines), the health of surrounding communities is affected through myriad changes in the physical, social, and economic environment. How changes triggered by such projects translate into health inequities is poorly understood. Methods: This qualitative study explores potential layers of inequities by systematically coding perceived inequities of affected communities. Drawing on the framework method, we thematically analyzed data from 83 focus group discussions, which enrolled 791 participants from 10 study sites in Burkina Faso, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Results: Participants perceived inequities related to their individual characteristics, intermediate factors acting on the community level, and structural conditions. Due to environmental pollution and land loss, participants were concerned about unsecured livelihoods. Positive impacts, such as job opportunities at the mine, remained scarce for local communities and were claimed not to be equally distributed among community members. Conclusion: Extractive industries bear considerable risks to widen existing health gaps. In order to create equal opportunities among affected populations, the wider determinants of health must be considered more explicitly in the licensing process of resource extraction projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Health Disparities in Vulnerable Populations)
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Review

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22 pages, 1503 KiB  
Review
Uncovering Evidence: Associations between Environmental Contaminants and Disparities in Women’s Health
by Jelonia T. Rumph, Victoria R. Stephens, Joanie L. Martin, LaKendria K. Brown, Portia L. Thomas, Ayorinde Cooley, Kevin G. Osteen and Kaylon L. Bruner-Tran
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1257; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031257 - 23 Jan 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4984
Abstract
Over the years, industrial accidents and military actions have led to unintentional, large-scale, high-dose human exposure to environmental contaminants with endocrine-disrupting action. These historical events, in addition to laboratory studies, suggest that exposure to toxicants such as dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls negatively impact [...] Read more.
Over the years, industrial accidents and military actions have led to unintentional, large-scale, high-dose human exposure to environmental contaminants with endocrine-disrupting action. These historical events, in addition to laboratory studies, suggest that exposure to toxicants such as dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls negatively impact the reproductive system and likely influence the development of gynecologic diseases. Although high-level exposure to a single toxicant is rare, humans living in industrialized countries are continuously exposed to a complex mixture of manmade and naturally produced endocrine disruptors, including persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals. Since minorities are more likely to live in areas with known environmental contamination; herein, we conducted a literature review to identify potential associations between toxicant exposure and racial disparities in women’s health. Evidence within the literature suggests that the body burden of environmental contaminants, especially in combination with inherent genetic variations, likely contributes to previously observed racial disparities in women’s health conditions such as breast cancer, endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome, uterine fibroids, and premature birth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Health Disparities in Vulnerable Populations)
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