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11 pages, 690 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sleep Duration and Metabolic Syndrome among Early Adolescents—A Cross-Sectional Study in Khartoum State, Sudan

by Fatima A. Elfaki, Aziza I. G. Mukhayer, Mohamed E. Moukhyer, Rama M. Chandika and Stef P. J. Kremers

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(9), 5696; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095696 - 1 May 2023

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Abstract

Numerous studies have reported that sleep disorders are linked to poor health outcomes. However, studies on these associations in children and adolescents in an African context are limited. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between sleep duration and [...] Read more.

Numerous studies have reported that sleep disorders are linked to poor health outcomes. However, studies on these associations in children and adolescents in an African context are limited. The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between sleep duration and the presence of metabolic syndrome among early adolescents in Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on participants aged 10–15 years in Khartoum State, Sudan. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was diagnosed by increased waist circumference and the presence of two or more metabolic abnormalities (triglycerides [TG], high-density lipoproteins [HDL-C], blood pressure [BP], and fasting plasma glucose [FBG]). Short sleep duration was defined based on National Sleep Foundation (NSF) classification. Data were collected by physical examinations, biochemical analyses, and self-developed standardized questionnaires. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics Version 24. A generalized additive model (GAM) was used for the smoothing function between sleep duration and MetS. p < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The prevalence of MetS and short sleep among early adolescents aged 10–15 years in Sudan was 2.3% and 55.0%, respectively. A higher prevalence of short sleep was found among overweight and obese participants (p < 0.05). The prevalence of MetS among short sleepers was 2.8%. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that male short sleepers had higher odds of having MetS compared to female short sleepers. The relationship between short sleep and low HDL-C in boys and between short sleep and high TG in girls was statistically significant. The highest risk of MetS was observed at less than 6.5 h of sleep per night. Conclusions: Short sleep duration was significantly associated with overweight/obesity in the total population and with low HDL-C in boys and high triglycerides in girls. A nonlinear curve pattern was observed between sleep duration and prevalence of MetS. Longitudinal studies are needed to further determine the causal relationship between sleep habits and MetS and its components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Deprivation and Related Health Issues)

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17 pages, 1743 KiB

Open AccessArticle

REM Sleep Impairment May Underlie Sleep-Driven Modulations of Tinnitus in Sleep Intermittent Tinnitus Subjects: A Controlled Study

by Robin Guillard, Louis Korczowski, Damien Léger, Marco Congedo and Alain Londero

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(8), 5509; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20085509 - 14 Apr 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2078

Abstract

(1) Background: Poor sleep and fragmented sleep are associated with several chronic conditions. Tinnitus is an auditory symptom that often negatively combines with poor sleep and has been associated with sleep impairment and sleep apnea. The relationship between tinnitus psychoacoustic characteristics and sleep [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Poor sleep and fragmented sleep are associated with several chronic conditions. Tinnitus is an auditory symptom that often negatively combines with poor sleep and has been associated with sleep impairment and sleep apnea. The relationship between tinnitus psychoacoustic characteristics and sleep is still poorly explored, notably for a particular subgroup of patients, for whom the perceived loudness of their tinnitus is highly modulated by sleep. (2) Methods: For this observational prospective study, 30 subjects with tinnitus were recruited, including 15 “sleep intermittent tinnitus” subjects, who had reported significant modulations of tinnitus loudness related to night sleep and naps, and a control group of 15 subjects displaying constant non-sleep-modulated tinnitus. The control group had matching age, gender, self-reported hearing loss grade and tinnitus impact on quality of life with the study group. All patients underwent a polysomnography (PSG) assessment for one complete night and then were asked to fill in a case report form, as well as a report of tinnitus loudness before and after the PSG. (3) Results: “Sleep Intermittent tinnitus” subjects had less Stage 3 sleep (p < 0.01), less Rapid-Eye Movement (REM) Sleep (p < 0.05) and more Stage 2 sleep (p < 0.05) in proportion and duration than subjects from the control group. In addition, in the “sleep Intermittent tinnitus” sample, a correlation was found between REM sleep duration and tinnitus overnight modulation (p < 0.05), as well as tinnitus impact on quality of life (p < 0.05). These correlations were not present in the control group. (4) Conclusions: This study suggests that among the tinnitus population, patients displaying sleep-modulated tinnitus have deteriorated sleep quality. Furthermore, REM sleep characteristics may play a role in overnight tinnitus modulation. Potential pathophysiological explanations accounting for this observation are hypothesized and discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Deprivation and Related Health Issues)

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16 pages, 2235 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Habitual Caffeine Consumption, Attentional Performance, and Individual Alpha Frequency during Total Sleep Deprivation

by Michael Quiquempoix, Catherine Drogou, Mégane Erblang, Pascal Van Beers, Mathias Guillard, Pierre-Emmanuel Tardo-Dino, Arnaud Rabat, Damien Léger, Mounir Chennaoui, Danielle Gomez-Merino and Fabien Sauvet

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(6), 4971; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064971 - 11 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3694

Abstract

(1) Background: Caffeine is a psychostimulant that is well known to mitigate the deleterious effects of sleep debt. Our aim was to assess the effects of acute caffeine intake on cognitive vulnerability and brain activity during total sleep deprivation (TSD), taking into account [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Caffeine is a psychostimulant that is well known to mitigate the deleterious effects of sleep debt. Our aim was to assess the effects of acute caffeine intake on cognitive vulnerability and brain activity during total sleep deprivation (TSD), taking into account habitual caffeine consumption. (2) Methods: Thirty-seven subjects were evaluated in a double-blind, crossover, total sleep deprivation protocol with caffeine or placebo treatment. Vigilant attention was evaluated every six hours during TSD using the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) with EEG recordings. The influence of habitual caffeine consumption was analyzed by categorizing subjects into low, moderate, and high consumers. (3) Results: The PVT reaction time (RT) increased during TSD and was lower in the caffeine condition vs. the placebo condition. The RT was shorter in the low-caffeine consumers compared to moderate and high consumers, regardless of conditions and treatments. The TSD-related increase in EEG power was attenuated by acute caffeine intake independently of habitual caffeine consumption, and the individual alpha frequency (IAF) was lower in the high-consumption group. The IAF was negatively correlated with daytime sleepiness. Moreover, a correlation analysis showed that the higher the daily caffeine consumption, the higher the RT and the lower the IAF. (4) Conclusions: A high level of habitual caffeine consumption decreases attentional performance and alpha frequencies, decreasing tolerance to sleep deprivation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Deprivation and Related Health Issues)

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13 pages, 877 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Survey Exploring How Watch Officers Manage Effects of Sleep Restrictions during Maritime Navigation

by Claire Giot, Laure Lejeune, Nicolas Bessot and Damien Davenne

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 986; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20020986 - 5 Jan 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1410

Abstract

Merchant marine officers work shifted hours with a sometimes very tiring work/rest rhythm that can lead to sleep restrictions and increased sleepiness during navigation. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of sleep deprivation-related sleepiness during navigation and the factors [...] Read more.

Merchant marine officers work shifted hours with a sometimes very tiring work/rest rhythm that can lead to sleep restrictions and increased sleepiness during navigation. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of sleep deprivation-related sleepiness during navigation and the factors contributing to this risk. A second objective is to evaluate the use and effectiveness of sleepiness countermeasures. An online quantitative survey of 43 questions was conducted on 183 French maritime officers. A total of 39.9% of the participants experienced at least occasionally severe sleepiness and 29% had fallen asleep during navigation. A total of 42.6% reported not being able to experience enough sleep on board. Sleep requirements were affected by time spent on board, area of activity, and watch system. Sleepiness was more common during monotonous than demanding sailing. Officers frequently use caffeine, as well as vigilance-enhancing activities that they consider effective, which are not yet validated, (i.e., social interactions). However, they are not inclined to seek replacements in case of severe sleepiness. Sleep deprivation is common among maritime officers and leads to the risk of severe sleepiness while operating the vessel, with few effective countermeasures available. Strategies used for sleep management and sleepiness prevention should focus more on sleep duration, safety culture, and improving countermeasures to sleepiness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Deprivation and Related Health Issues)

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9 pages, 322 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Different Effects of Social Jetlag and Weekend Catch-Up Sleep on Well-Being of Adolescents According to the Actual Sleep Duration

by Lorenzo Tonetti, Alice Andreose, Valeria Bacaro, Martina Grimaldi, Vincenzo Natale and Elisabetta Crocetti

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(1), 574; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010574 - 29 Dec 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1981

Abstract

The aim of this study was to explore the potentially different associations between two common aspects of adolescents’ life, namely social jetlag and weekend catch-up sleep, with well-being and physical health, according to the actual sleep duration, i.e., <7 h and ≥7 h. [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to explore the potentially different associations between two common aspects of adolescents’ life, namely social jetlag and weekend catch-up sleep, with well-being and physical health, according to the actual sleep duration, i.e., <7 h and ≥7 h. To this end, 504 participants (42.1% males), with a mean age of 16.17 (standard deviation = 1.39), were examined in the this cross-sectional study. Participants were asked to wear the Micro Motionlogger Watch actigraph (Ambulatory Monitoring, Inc., Ardlsey, NY, USA) around their non-dominant wrist for seven consecutive days in order to objectively assess social jetlag and weekend catch-up sleep. Participants were also asked to fill in the Mental Health Continuum—Short Form for the assessment of subjective, social, and psychological well-being, as well as the SF-36 Health Survey for the perception of physical health. In adolescents sleeping less than 7 h, those experiencing weekend catch-up sleep longer than 120 min reported significantly lower subjective well-being compared to those with a weekend catch-up sleep duration between 0 and 59 min. These data pointed out the detrimental effect of long weekend catch-up sleep on self-reported well-being only in adolescents getting less than the recommended amount of sleep. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Deprivation and Related Health Issues)

20 pages, 3194 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Sleep Fragmentation on Cognition and Fatigue

by Oumaïma Benkirane, Bérénice Delwiche, Olivier Mairesse and Philippe Peigneux

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(23), 15485; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315485 - 22 Nov 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2946

Abstract

Sleep continuity and efficacy are essential for optimal cognitive functions. How sleep fragmentation (SF) impairs cognitive functioning, and especially cognitive fatigue (CF), remains elusive. We investigated the impact of induced SF on CF through the TloadDback task, measuring interindividual variability in working memory [...] Read more.

Sleep continuity and efficacy are essential for optimal cognitive functions. How sleep fragmentation (SF) impairs cognitive functioning, and especially cognitive fatigue (CF), remains elusive. We investigated the impact of induced SF on CF through the TloadDback task, measuring interindividual variability in working memory capacity. Sixteen participants underwent an adaptation polysomnography night and three consecutive nights, once in a SF condition induced by non-awakening auditory stimulations, once under restorative sleep (RS) condition, counterbalanced within-subject. In both conditions, participants were administered memory, vigilance, inhibition and verbal fluency testing, and for CF the TloadDback, as well as sleep questionnaires and fatigue and sleepiness visual analog scales were administered. Subjective fatigue increased and sleep architecture was altered after SF (reduced sleep efficiency, percentage of N3 and REM, number of NREM and REM phases) despite similar total sleep time. At the behavioral level, only inhibition deteriorated after SF, and CF similarly evolved in RS and SF conditions. In line with prior research, we show that SF disrupts sleep architecture and exerts a deleterious impact on subjective fatigue and inhibition. However, young healthy participants appear able to compensate for CF induced by three consecutive SF nights. Further studies should investigate SF effects in extended and/or pathological disruption settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Deprivation and Related Health Issues)

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17 pages, 390 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Initial Validation of the Assessment of Sleep Environment (ASE): Describing and Quantifying the Impact of Subjective Environmental Factors on Sleep

by Michael A. Grandner, Dora Y. Valencia, Azizi A. Seixas, Kayla Oliviér, Rebecca A. Gallagher, William D. S. Killgore, Lauren Hale, Charles Branas and Pamela Alfonso-Miller

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13599; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013599 - 20 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2074

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop and test the reliability and validity of a 13-item self-report Assessment of Sleep Environment (ASE). This study investigates the relationship between subjective experiences of environmental factors (light, temperature, safety, noise, comfort, humidity, and smell) and [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to develop and test the reliability and validity of a 13-item self-report Assessment of Sleep Environment (ASE). This study investigates the relationship between subjective experiences of environmental factors (light, temperature, safety, noise, comfort, humidity, and smell) and sleep-related parameters (insomnia symptoms, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and control over sleep). The ASE was developed using an iterative process, including literature searches for item generation, qualitative feedback, and pilot testing. It was psychometrically assessed using data from the Sleep and Healthy Activity Diet Environment and Socialization (SHADES) study (N = 1007 individuals ages 22–60). Reliability was determined with an internal consistency and factor analysis. Validity was evaluated by comparing ASE to questionnaires of insomnia severity, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, sleep control, perceived stress, and neighborhood disorder. The ASE demonstrated high internal consistency and likely reflects a single factor. ASE score was associated with insomnia symptoms (B = 0.09, p < 0.0001), sleep quality (B = 0.07, p < 0.0001), and sleep control (B = −0.01, p < 0.0001), but not daytime sleepiness. The ASE was also associated with perceived stress (B = 0.20, p < 0.0001) and neighborhood disorder (B = −0.01, p < 0.0001). Among sleep environment factors, only smell was not associated with sleep quality; warmth and safety were negatively associated with sleepiness; and of the sleep environment factors, only light/dark, noise/quiet, and temperature (warm/cool) were not associated with insomnia symptoms. The ASE is a reliable and valid measure of sleep environment. Physical environment (light, temperature, safety, noise, comfort, humidity, and smell) was associated with insomnia symptoms and sleep quality but not sleepiness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Deprivation and Related Health Issues)

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7 pages, 997 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

On the Road to Camarón: The Sleep of an Ultra-Endurance Athlete Cycling 10,000 km in 24 Days

by Mathieu Nédélec, Maxime Chauvineau and Gaël Guilhem

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(8), 4543; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084543 - 9 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2191

Abstract

The impact of sleep on performance is fundamental for ultra-endurance athletes, but studies on this issue are rare. The current investigation examined the sleep and performance of a cyclist engaged in a simulated 10,000 km tour. The sleep behavior of the athlete (age, [...] Read more.

The impact of sleep on performance is fundamental for ultra-endurance athletes, but studies on this issue are rare. The current investigation examined the sleep and performance of a cyclist engaged in a simulated 10,000 km tour. The sleep behavior of the athlete (age, 57; height, 1.85 m; mass, 81 kg) before, during (i.e., 23 nights), and after the tour was monitored using a reduced-montage dry-electroencephalographic (EEG) device. The daily performance (i.e., number of kms) was recorded throughout the race. The cyclist set a new world record, completing 10,358 km in 24 days with a mean daily distance of ≈432 km in approximately 16 h, i.e., an average speed of ≈27 km/h. Sleep duration throughout the tour (5:13 ± 0:30) was reduced compared to the baseline sleep duration (7:00 ± 1:00), with a very large difference (ES = 2.3). The proportion of N3 during the tour (46 ± 7%) was compared to the measured N3 proportion during the baseline (27 ± 5%) and was found to be systematically outside the intra-individual variability (mean ± 1 SD), with a very large difference (ES = 3.1). This ultra-endurance event had a major influence on sleep-duration reduction and a notable modification in sleep architecture. The increase in slow-wave sleep during the race may be linked to the role of slow-wave sleep in physiological recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep Deprivation and Related Health Issues)

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