International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Research

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9 pages, 323 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bullying in Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Lidia Fernández-Gutiérrez, Maria-Pilar Mosteiro-Díaz, Elisabete Borges and Sara Franco-Correia

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1431; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111431 - 29 Oct 2024

Viewed by 2026

Abstract

The presence of violence between coworkers in nursing settings is a common fact that has been documented over time by using different terms to define the violence suffered by nurses and nursing students, although in recent years it has been agreed that the [...] Read more.

The presence of violence between coworkers in nursing settings is a common fact that has been documented over time by using different terms to define the violence suffered by nurses and nursing students, although in recent years it has been agreed that the term “bullying” covers them all. This study aims to determine the prevalence and characteristics of bullying in nursing students, and to describe the association between the prevalence of bullying and socio-demographic attributes. A descriptive, observational, quantitative, and cross-sectional study was carried out of nursing students between 2017 and 2020. Socio-demographic variables were collected. Bullying was assessed through the NAQ-R questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the R statistical program. A total of 411 nursing students were included. A prevalence of perceived bullying of 92% was detected. The main negative attitudes identified were mandated tasks that are below the level of competence (66.3%), changes in tasks for other more trivial or unpleasant ones (60%), having opinions that are ignored (52%), and being excessively supervised (49%). The prevalence of bullying in nursing students at the University of Oviedo exceeds 90%, which suggests that interventions to solve the problem of bullying are urgent at the institutional, political, and organizational levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bullying: Causes, Consequences, Interventions, and Prevention)

16 pages, 1133 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of the TEI Peer Tutoring Program on Coexistence, Bullying and Cyberbullying in Spanish Schools

by Vanesa Sainz, O’Hara Soto-García, Juan Calmaestra and Antonio Maldonado

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(19), 6818; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20196818 - 24 Sep 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2598

Abstract

The TEI peer tutoring program (in Spanish, Tutoría entre Iguales, hereinafter TEI ) is Spain’s most important coexistence program for the prevention of violence and bullying in secondary schools and one of the first worldwide. So that we may better appreciate the [...] Read more.

The TEI peer tutoring program (in Spanish, Tutoría entre Iguales, hereinafter TEI ) is Spain’s most important coexistence program for the prevention of violence and bullying in secondary schools and one of the first worldwide. So that we may better appreciate the effectiveness and benefits of this program, a comparative study has been developed between four schools that are presently following this preventive strategy (TEI centres) and four other schools that do not carry out the TEI program (non-TEI centres). Controlling the other sociodemographic variables, students’ perception of coexistence, bullying and cyberbullying has been evaluated. In total, 1015 secondary school students belonging to eight schools from four autonomous communities in Spain participated. The results reveal that the students of TEI centres have a more favourable perception of educational coexistence and indicate lower rates of bullying and cyberbullying than those studying at non-TEI centres. These results highlight the benefits of the TEI program and the need to continue promoting and expanding these preventing bullying strategies in schools. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bullying: Causes, Consequences, Interventions, and Prevention)

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14 pages, 372 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Defending Others Online: The Influence of Observing Formal and Informal Social Control on One’s Willingness to Defend Cyberhate Victims

by Matthew Costello, James Hawdon, Ashley V. Reichelmann, Atte Oksanen, Catherine Blaya, Vicente J. Llorent, Pekka Räsänen and Izabela Zych

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(15), 6506; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20156506 - 2 Aug 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2484

Abstract

This paper examines factors correlated with online self-help—an informal form of social control vis-à-vis intervention—upon witnessing a cyberhate attack. Using online surveys from 18- to 26-year-old respondents in the United States, we explore the roles of various types of online and offline formal [...] Read more.

This paper examines factors correlated with online self-help—an informal form of social control vis-à-vis intervention—upon witnessing a cyberhate attack. Using online surveys from 18- to 26-year-old respondents in the United States, we explore the roles of various types of online and offline formal and informal social control mechanisms on the enactment of self-help through the use of descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression. The results of the multivariate analyses indicate that online collective efficacy is positively related to self-help, as is having close ties to individuals and groups offline and online. Formal online social control, however, is not significantly related to engaging in self-help. Other findings demonstrate that personal encounters with cyberhate affect the likelihood that an individual will intervene when witnessing an attack, and that individuals with high levels of empathy are more likely to intervene to assist others. This work indicates that pro-social online behavior is contagious and can potentially foster online spaces in which harmful behaviors, such as propagating cyberhate, are not condoned. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bullying: Causes, Consequences, Interventions, and Prevention)

18 pages, 1658 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Empathy in Alcohol Use of Bullying Perpetrators and Victims: Lower Personal Empathic Distress Makes Male Perpetrators of Bullying More Vulnerable to Alcohol Use

by Maren Prignitz, Tobias Banaschewski, Arun L. W. Bokde, Sylvane Desrivières, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot, Eric Artiges, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Luise Poustka, Sarah Hohmann, Juliane H. Fröhner, Lauren Robinson, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Jeanne M. Winterer, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, Frauke Nees, Herta Flor and on behalf of the IMAGEN Consortium Show full author list Hide full author list

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(13), 6286; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136286 - 3 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2358

Abstract

Bullying often results in negative coping in victims, including an increased consumption of alcohol. Recently, however, an increase in alcohol use has also been reported among perpetrators of bullying. The factors triggering this pattern are still unclear. We investigated the role of empathy [...] Read more.

Bullying often results in negative coping in victims, including an increased consumption of alcohol. Recently, however, an increase in alcohol use has also been reported among perpetrators of bullying. The factors triggering this pattern are still unclear. We investigated the role of empathy in the interaction between bullying and alcohol use in an adolescent sample (IMAGEN) at age 13.97 (±0.53) years (baseline (BL), N = 2165, 50.9% female) and age 16.51 (±0.61) years (follow-up 1 (FU1), N = 1185, 54.9% female). General empathic distress served as a significant moderator of alcohol use in perpetrators (F_{9, 493} = 17.978, p < 0.01), which was specific for males and FU1. Male perpetrators, who are generally less sensitive to distress, might thus be more vulnerable to alcohol abuse. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bullying: Causes, Consequences, Interventions, and Prevention)

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13 pages, 365 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cyberbullying, Social Media Addiction and Associations with Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Medical Students in Malaysia

by Michelle Hui Lim Lee, Manveen Kaur, Vinorra Shaker, Anne Yee, Rohana Sham and Ching Sin Siau

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(4), 3136; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043136 - 10 Feb 2023

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 11591

Abstract

This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with cyberbullying and social media addiction. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 medical students from a public university in Kuching, Malaysia. The instruments used in this study included the cyberbullying questionnaire survey, [...] Read more.

This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with cyberbullying and social media addiction. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 medical students from a public university in Kuching, Malaysia. The instruments used in this study included the cyberbullying questionnaire survey, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21-item (DASS-21). The prevalence of cyberbullying victimization was 24.4%, whilst 13.0% reported cyberbullying perpetration over the past six months. Male gender was positively associated with both cyberbullying perpetration and cybervictimization, whilst social media addiction was positively associated with cybervictimization. Psychological motives such as positive attitudes toward cyberbullying and gaining power were associated with cyberbullying perpetration. Cybervictimization doubled the tendency to depression (aOR 2.50, 95% CI [1.23, 5.08], p = 0.012), anxiety (aOR 2.38, 95% CI [1.29, 4.40], p = 0.006), and stress (aOR 2.85, 95% CI [1.41, 5.77], p = 0.004), whilst social media addiction was associated with a higher tendency to depression (aOR 1.18, 95% CI [1.10, 1.26], p < 0.001), anxiety (aOR 1.15, 95% CI [1.08, 1.22], p < 0.001), and stress (aOR 1.21, 95% CI [1.12, 1.32], p < 0.001). Medical schools in Malaysia need policies and guidelines against cyberbullying. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bullying: Causes, Consequences, Interventions, and Prevention)

11 pages, 593 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Coping with Public and Private Face-to-Face and Cyber Victimization among Adolescents in Six Countries: Roles of Severity and Country

by Michelle F. Wright, Sebastian Wachs, Takuya Yanagida, Anna Ševčíková, Lenka Dědková, Fatih Bayraktar, Ikuko Aoyama, Shanmukh V. Kamble, Hana Macháčková, Zheng Li, Shruti Soudi, Li Lei and Chang Shu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(21), 14405; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114405 - 3 Nov 2022

Viewed by 2009

Abstract

This study investigated the role of medium (face-to-face, cyber) and publicity (public, private) in adolescents’ perceptions of severity and coping strategies (i.e., avoidant, ignoring, helplessness, social support seeking, retaliation) for victimization, while accounting for gender and cultural values. There were 3432 adolescents (ages [...] Read more.

This study investigated the role of medium (face-to-face, cyber) and publicity (public, private) in adolescents’ perceptions of severity and coping strategies (i.e., avoidant, ignoring, helplessness, social support seeking, retaliation) for victimization, while accounting for gender and cultural values. There were 3432 adolescents (ages 11–15, 49% girls) in this study; they were from China, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, India, Japan, and the United States. Adolescents completed questionnaires on individualism and collectivism, and ratings of coping strategies and severity for public face-to-face victimization, private face-to-face victimization, public cyber victimization, and private cyber victimization. Findings revealed similarities in adolescents’ coping strategies based on perceptions of severity, publicity, and medium for some coping strategies (i.e., social support seeking, retaliation) but differential associations for other coping strategies (i.e., avoidance, helplessness, ignoring). The results of this study are important for prevention and intervention efforts because they underscore the importance of teaching effective coping strategies to adolescents, and to consider how perceptions of severity, publicity, and medium might influence the implementation of these coping strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bullying: Causes, Consequences, Interventions, and Prevention)

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Review

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13 pages, 727 KiB

Open AccessReview

School-Based Nursing Interventions for Preventing Bullying and Reducing Its Incidence on Students: A Scoping Review

by Iyus Yosep, Rohman Hikmat and Ai Mardhiyah

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1577; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021577 - 15 Jan 2023

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 10052

Abstract

Incidents of bullying have increased on students in schools. This has a negative impact such as mental health problems and risk of suicide. Interventions related to bullying are still focused on being carried out independently. Meanwhile, collaborative interventions between nurses and the school [...] Read more.

Incidents of bullying have increased on students in schools. This has a negative impact such as mental health problems and risk of suicide. Interventions related to bullying are still focused on being carried out independently. Meanwhile, collaborative interventions between nurses and the school are needed to acquire maximum results in preventing and reducing the incidence of bullying. The purpose of this study is to describe school-based nursing interventions in preventing and reducing the incidence of bullying among students at school. This study used scoping review with a search strategy using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Review process to find the articles. The PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus electronic databases were searched. We found 12 articles from 594 articles in 3 databases which discussed nursing interventions based on school to prevent and reduce incidence of bullying in students. The studies included are design randomized control trials and quasi experiments. The samples with the range of 40–7121 respondents. We classified the school-based nursing interventions being three methods, there are Game programs, physical activity programs, training programs, and peer-group programs. The content of interventions are psychoeducation, empathy training, counseling, and self-management. This study shows that school-based nursing interventions can be an option in preventing and reducing the incidence of bullying among students at school. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bullying: Causes, Consequences, Interventions, and Prevention)

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Other

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21 pages, 647 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Beliefs and Violent Behavior in Interpersonal Relationships of Young Adults: A Systematic Review

by Eduardo Araújo, Anita Santos, Claúdia Oliveira, Olga Souza Cruz and Diana Moreira

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(11), 1500; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111500 - 12 Nov 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1541

Abstract

Beliefs are information-processing structures formed along an individual’s developmental pathway. Beliefs can legitimize involvement in inappropriate or violent behaviors, particularly when they crystallize into cognitive schemas. While beliefs aid individuals in interpreting the surrounding world, overly rigid and inflexible beliefs can constrain the [...] Read more.

Beliefs are information-processing structures formed along an individual’s developmental pathway. Beliefs can legitimize involvement in inappropriate or violent behaviors, particularly when they crystallize into cognitive schemas. While beliefs aid individuals in interpreting the surrounding world, overly rigid and inflexible beliefs can constrain the individual’s ability to process available information. This Systematic Review, carried out according to the PRISMA norms and guidelines, aims to understand the most prevalent beliefs regarding relationships among young adults and to examine their associations with violent or deviant behaviors. Articles included in this review were retrieved from the EBSCO, PubMed, and Web of Science databases in July 2022, resulting in a total of 594 studies, which were subsequently screened by two independent reviewers. A total of 51 studies were then selected for full reading, but 36 were excluded based on pre-defined eligibility criteria, leaving a final sample of 18 studies published between 2014 and 2022. The main objectives, country of origin, instruments used, sample composition and age, main results and conclusions were extracted from each study. Findings point toward the presence of related and legitimate beliefs about violence in intimate relationships, domestic violence, sexual violence, acceptance of the rape myth, or consent to engage in sexual activities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bullying: Causes, Consequences, Interventions, and Prevention)

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