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Diet Therapy and Public Health

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 12949

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Non Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
2. School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
Interests: nutrition related disorders; obesity and the epidemiology of non-communicable diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Submissions are invited for the Special Issue on “Diet Therapy and Public Health” in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. For detailed information on the journal, I refer you to https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph.

Malnutrition in all its forms is a key risk factor for premature death and disease worldwide (WHO, 2017). The various forms of malnutrition include general undernourishment, specific micro- and macronutrient deficiencies, unhealthy or unbalanced diets and overnutrition, as well as related conditions such as stunting, wasting, and overweight and obesity. Approximately 20% of the burden of disease and of all premature deaths globally are attributed to nutritional risk factors, including malnutrition and unhealthy diets (Afshin et al., 2017; Murray et al., 2019; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2021). The prevalence of chronic undernourishment (defined as a lower than required habitual energy intake) has decreased over the past decades but remains high globally (9% as of 2017), with particularly high rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) (21%) and South Asia (14%) (Roser and Ritchie, 2019). Worryingly, there are signs that progress to reduce undernutrition has stalled or reversed since 2010, and even worsened by the current COVID-19 pandemic crisis both globally and in the aforementioned regions (Roser and Ritchie, 2019). Concurrently, the global prevalence of obesity has roughly doubled from 6% to 13% among adults since 1985 (WHO, 2017) and risen sevenfold from 1% to 7% among children since 1975 (Abarca-Gómez et al., 2017). In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in particular, the prevalence of obesity has met or surpassed the prevalence of undernutrition. As such, undernourishment, unhealthy diets, overnutrition, and obesity coexist and interact, both within communities and over the life course. The terms “double burden of malnutrition (DBM)” (Popkin et al., 2020) and “nutrition syndemic” (Swinburn et al., 2019) have been coined to describe this phenomenon (Wells et al., 2020).

It therefore makes sense that diet therapy be regarded as the integral component of all global strategies to prevent and control DBM and major degenerative diseases such as coronary heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. However, the discourse of diet therapy in some countries (LMIC, in particular) is still unclear, and in some instances, it is highly polarized and structured to favor a singular approach (i.e., diet therapy is focused on treating or rehabilitating an individual). This requires a drastic change so as to accommodate recent broad agreements that promote multi-layered diet therapy public health approaches (WHO, 2017 and Swinburn et al., 2013), including a combination of multiple nutrition-related policy interventions, as well as strategies to improve food environments at a broad range of levels (e.g., city, state, or nation), targets (e.g., consumers, organizations, industry), domains and mechanisms (e.g., consumer preferences or choices, food formulations, availability and accessibility).

The current call, therefore, is for international researchers to submit their work on multi-layered public health approaches that will be collated to form the 2022 Special Issue on “Diet Therapy and Public Health”. 

Prof. Dr. Zandile June-Rose Mchiza
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diet
  • therapy
  • public health
  • malnutrition
  • undernourishment
  • specific micro- and macronutrient deficiencies
  • overnutrition
  • obesity
  • habitual energy intake
  • double burden of malnutrition
  • nutrition syndemic
  • degenerative diseases
  • policy interventions
  • food environments
  • life-course approach
  • diet-related non-communicable diseases

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

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7 pages, 322 KiB  
Editorial
Diet Therapy and Public Health
by Zandile June-Rose Mchiza
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8312; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148312 - 7 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1880
Abstract
A major threat to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and Universal Health Coverage continues to be malnutrition [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet Therapy and Public Health)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

17 pages, 397 KiB  
Article
Beliefs and Norms Influencing Initiation and Sustenance of Exclusive Breastfeeding: Experiences of Mothers in Primary Health Care Facilities in Ermelo, South Africa
by Perpetua Modjadji, Ethel Sekori Seabela, Busisiwe Ntuli and Sphiwe Madiba
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(2), 1513; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021513 - 13 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2501
Abstract
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is not a norm in many communities in South Africa despite the World Health Organizations’ recommendations for EBF in the first six months of infant’s life. Thus, South Africa continues to observe suboptimal and poor practices of EBF. The purpose [...] Read more.
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is not a norm in many communities in South Africa despite the World Health Organizations’ recommendations for EBF in the first six months of infant’s life. Thus, South Africa continues to observe suboptimal and poor practices of EBF. The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of mothers who are HIV-positive and negative on EBF and examine the extent to which initiation and sustenance of EBF is influenced by cultural beliefs, societal norms, and family norms and practices in Mpumalanga Province. Three focus group discussions and twelve in-depth interviews were conducted among thirty mothers who were purposively selected during their visits to the facilities for childcare services. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and transcripts were analysed through thematic analysis using NVivo version 10. Mothers were aged between 18 and 42 years, most were unemployed and were living in poor sociodemographic backgrounds in extended family households. We found evidence of factors that influence the decision to EBF and mix feed infants among mothers. Traditional and cultural beliefs and norms that exist within their communities informed decisions mothers took to EBF. These beliefs existed alongside mothers’ opinions on breastfeeding (BF) and HIV infection, as well as the fears of harming the baby through HIV infection, leading to early cessation of BF. Mothers were also advised by family members, friends, and even some healthcare workers to use traditional medicines while BF. The association of EBF with sagging breasts and weight loss as well as discomfort with public BF are personal beliefs that influenced initiation and early cessation of EBF. Breastfeeding messages ought to be context specific to improve the knowledge, understanding, acceptance and practice of EBF among HIV-positive and negative mothers. Culturally appropriate counselling messages that address the known cultural practices of the populations affected are essential to changing the beliefs and norms of the communities including extended families of EBF mothers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet Therapy and Public Health)
15 pages, 584 KiB  
Article
Evidence of Concurrent Stunting and Obesity among Children under 2 Years from Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Backgrounds in the Era of the Integrated Nutrition Programme in South Africa
by Perpetua Modjadji, Lucy Nomsa Masilela, Lindiwe Cele, Mmampedi Mathibe and Peter Modupi Mphekgwana
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12501; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912501 - 30 Sep 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2712
Abstract
In view of persistent stunting and increasing rates of obesity coexisting among children in the era of the Integrated Nutrition Programme, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determined concurrent stunting and obesity (CSO) and related factors using a random sample of child–mother pairs [...] Read more.
In view of persistent stunting and increasing rates of obesity coexisting among children in the era of the Integrated Nutrition Programme, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determined concurrent stunting and obesity (CSO) and related factors using a random sample of child–mother pairs (n = 400) in Mbombela, South Africa. Sociodemographic data was collected using a validated questionnaire, and stunting (≥2SD) and obesity (>3SD) were assessed through respective length-for-age (LAZ) and body mass index (BAZ) z-scores. Using SPSS 26.0, the mean age of children was 8 (4; 11) months, and poor sociodemographic status was observed, in terms of maternal singlehood (73%), no education or attaining primary education only (21%), being unemployed (79%), living in households with a monthly income below R10,000 (≈$617), and poor sanitation (84%). The z-test for a single proportion showed a significant difference between the prevalence of CSO (41%) and non-CSO (69%). Testing for the two hypotheses using the Chi-square test showed no significant difference of CSO between boys (40%) and girls (41%), while CSO was significantly different and high among children aged 6–11 months (55%), compared to those aged 0–5 months (35%) and ≥12 months (30%). Further analysis using hierarchical logistic regression showed significant associations of CSO with employment (AOR = 0.34; 95%CI: 0.14–0.78), maternal education status (AOR = 0.39; 95%CI: 0.14–1.09) and water access (AOR = 2.47; 95%CI: 1.32; 4.63). Evidence-based and multilevel intervention programs aiming to prevent CSO and addressing stunting, while improving weight status in children with social disadvantages, are necessary. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet Therapy and Public Health)
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18 pages, 579 KiB  
Article
School Food Environment in Urban Zambia: A Qualitative Analysis of Drivers of Adolescent Food Choices and Their Policy Implications
by Mulenga Mary Mukanu, Anne Marie Thow, Peter Delobelle and Zandile June-Rose Mchiza
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(12), 7460; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127460 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3882
Abstract
Identifying context specific points for reforming policy to promote healthier food environments and consumer behavior in critical life stages like adolescence is crucial in addressing the double burden of malnutrition. Using a qualitative study design, we conducted 20 focus group discussions with grade [...] Read more.
Identifying context specific points for reforming policy to promote healthier food environments and consumer behavior in critical life stages like adolescence is crucial in addressing the double burden of malnutrition. Using a qualitative study design, we conducted 20 focus group discussions with grade 10 pupils from ten secondary schools in Lusaka. Turner’s framework which conceptualizes the food environment into two domains—the external domain (availability, pricing, vendor and product properties, and marketing and regulation of food) and the internal domain (accessibility, affordability, convenience, and desirability of food)—was used to guide thematic data analysis and results interpretation. Adolescents stated their food choices are largely based on personal preference linked to the need for social acceptability among peers. Adolescents felt their food choice is limited to ‘cheap junk foods’ which are affordable and readily available at school. Healthy foods like fruits were said to be inaccessible and unaffordable by the majority of adolescents. Some adolescents stated they were attracted to certain foods by adverts they see on TV and social media. School food environments in urban Lusaka do not support healthy food choices. Policy reforms are required to increase access to affordable healthy food options in schools, and to curb the indiscriminate marketing of unhealthy foods to adolescents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet Therapy and Public Health)
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