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Gut Microbiota in the Battle against Obesity and Metabolic Disorders
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Gut Microbiota in the Battle against Obesity and Metabolic Disorders

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2021) | Viewed by 15393

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Satu Pekkala

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
Interests: gut microbiota; metabolic disorders; fatty liver; metabolism; exercise; obesity; endocrinology; molecular biology; adipose tissue
Dr. Eveliina Munukka

E-Mail Website
Assistant Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Microbiology & Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
Interests: gut microbiota; gut-brain-axis; metabolic disorders; appendix microbiota

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The term “gut microbiota” refers to the ~100 trillion microbial cells inhabiting our gastrointestinal tract. There is increasing evidence about the involvement of gut microbiota in obesity and metabolic disorders, but certainly more research on the host–microbe interaction is needed. In this Special Issue, we seek research showing how the gut microbiota is associated with obesity and metabolic orders. However, mechanistic studies are strongly recommended, in addition to cross-sectional studies. We also invite papers dealing with role of gut microbes in exercise or diet-induced fat mass loss and other interventional studies battling against obesity and metabolic disorders. Studies in both humans and animals are welcome.

Dr. Satu Pekkala
Dr. Eveliina Munukka
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • metagenomes
  • metabolomics
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • metabolic syndrome
  • non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  • metabolism
  • diet
  • exercise
  • molecular mechanisms
  • animal models

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 5531 KiB  
Article
Xylo-Oligosaccharides in Prevention of Hepatic Steatosis and Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Associating Taxonomic and Metabolomic Patterns in Fecal Microbiomes with Biclustering
by Jukka Hintikka, Sanna Lensu, Elina Mäkinen, Sira Karvinen, Marjaana Honkanen, Jere Lindén, Tim Garrels, Satu Pekkala and Leo Lahti
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(8), 4049; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084049 - 12 Apr 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4633
Abstract
We have shown that prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) increased beneficial gut microbiota (GM) and prevented high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, but the mechanisms associated with these effects are not clear. We studied whether XOS affects adipose tissue inflammation and insulin signaling, and whether the [...] Read more.
We have shown that prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) increased beneficial gut microbiota (GM) and prevented high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, but the mechanisms associated with these effects are not clear. We studied whether XOS affects adipose tissue inflammation and insulin signaling, and whether the GM and fecal metabolome explain associated patterns. XOS was supplemented or not with high (HFD) or low (LFD) fat diet for 12 weeks in male Wistar rats (n = 10/group). Previously analyzed GM and fecal metabolites were biclustered to reduce data dimensionality and identify interpretable groups of co-occurring genera and metabolites. Based on our findings, biclustering provides a useful algorithmic method for capturing such joint signatures. On the HFD, XOS-supplemented rats showed lower number of adipose tissue crown-like structures, increased phosphorylation of AKT in liver and adipose tissue as well as lower expression of hepatic miRNAs. XOS-supplemented rats had more fecal glycine and less hypoxanthine, isovalerate, branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids. Several bacterial genera were associated with the metabolic signatures. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of XOS on hepatic steatosis involved decreased adipose tissue inflammation and likely improved insulin signaling, which were further associated with fecal metabolites and GM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in the Battle against Obesity and Metabolic Disorders)
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Review

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32 pages, 552 KiB  
Review
Nutritional Approach Targeting Gut Microbiota in NAFLD—To Date
by Małgorzata Moszak, Monika Szulińska, Marta Walczak-Gałęzewska and Paweł Bogdański
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(4), 1616; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041616 - 8 Feb 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4835
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant clinical and epidemiological problem that affects around 25% of the adult global population. A large body of clinical evidence highlights that NAFLD is associated with increased liver-related morbidity and mortality and an increased risk of [...] Read more.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant clinical and epidemiological problem that affects around 25% of the adult global population. A large body of clinical evidence highlights that NAFLD is associated with increased liver-related morbidity and mortality and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, extrahepatic cancers, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Recently, a series of studies revealed the pivotal role of gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis in NAFLD’s pathogenesis. The GM plays an essential role in different metabolic pathways, including the fermentation of diet polysaccharides, energy harvest, choline regulation, and bile acid metabolism. One of the most critical factors in GM stabilization is the diet; therefore, nutritional therapyappearsto be a promising tool in NAFLD therapy. This paper aims to review the current knowledge regardingthe nutritional approach and its implications with GM and NAFLD treatment. We discuss the positive impact of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics in a reverse dysbiosis state in NAFLD and show the potential beneficial effects of bioactive substances from the diet. The full description of the mechanism of action and comprehensive examination of the impact of nutritional interventions on GM modulation may, in the future, be a simple but essential tool supporting NAFLD therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in the Battle against Obesity and Metabolic Disorders)

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

14 pages, 1139 KiB  
Systematic Review
Targeting Gut Microbiota to Treat Hypertension: A Systematic Review
by Joonatan Palmu, Leo Lahti and Teemu Niiranen
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(3), 1248; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031248 - 30 Jan 2021
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 5406
Abstract
While hypertension remains the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the pathogenesis of essential hypertension remains only partially understood. Recently, microbial dysbiosis has been associated with multiple chronic diseases closely related to hypertension. In addition, multiple small-scale animal and human [...] Read more.
While hypertension remains the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the pathogenesis of essential hypertension remains only partially understood. Recently, microbial dysbiosis has been associated with multiple chronic diseases closely related to hypertension. In addition, multiple small-scale animal and human studies have provided promising results for the association between gut microbial dysbiosis and hypertension. Animal models and a small human pilot study, have demonstrated that high salt intake, a risk factor for both hypertension and cardiovascular disease, depletes certain Lactobacillus species while oral treatment of Lactobacilli prevented salt-sensitive hypertension. To date, four large cohort studies have reported modest associations between gut microbiota features and hypertension. In this systematic literature review, we examine the previously reported links between the gut microbiota and hypertension and what is known about the functional mechanisms behind this association. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiota in the Battle against Obesity and Metabolic Disorders)
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