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Occupational and Environmental Cancer
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Occupational and Environmental Cancer

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2019) | Viewed by 11452

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. John Cherrie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
2. Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH14 4AP, UK
Interests: environmental and occupational cancer; epidemiology; the exposome; human exposure assessment; occupational cancer; natural and synthetic fibres; dermal exposure and air pollution
Prof. Damien McElvenny

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Occupatioanl Medicine, Edinbrugh UK
Interests: occupational cancer; occupational neurodegenerative diseases; occupational respiratory diseases; meta-analysis methodology; return to work; migrant workers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Globally there are around 9 million deaths each year from cancer and over the next 20 years incidence rates are expected to rise by around 60%. Occupational and environmental exposures account for around 10 to 20% or all cancer deaths, and about a third of lung cancer deaths. Key workplace causes of cancer include asbestos, used mineral oils, solar radiation, crystalline silica, diesel engine exhaust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and many others. In the wider environment, exposure to outdoor and indoor air pollutants, hair dyes, formaldehyde, arsenic, pesticides and acrylamide have all been implicated in causing cancers. These are important public health priorities that we need to act on.

Epidemiological cohort studies of groups of workers, people who have had exposure to specific environmental exposures or case–control studies where exposures can be reconstructed are particularly informative about risk factors for cancer. However, early intelligence of cancer risks or supporting confirmation of carcinogenicity can also be obtained from toxicological and mechanistic research. Further, the relevance of risk to humans can be explored through appropriate health impact assessment (HIA) studies.

In this Special Issue we are interested to receive submissions that are informative about any aspect of occupational and environmental cancer causes, including exposure to carcinogens and health impact assessments. We are particularly interested in papers dealing with cancer risks where there is uncertainty:

  • Working at night
  • Acrylamide in food
  • 4,4'-Methylenedianiline
  • Indoor or outdoor air pollution
  • Ultrafine particles such as engineered nanomaterials, welding fume or diesel engine exhaust particulate
  • Pesticides, for example, Glyphosate, Diazinon, Malathion, Chlordecone (Kepone)

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. John Cherrie
Prof. Damien McElvenny
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Cancer
  • epidemiology
  • health impact assessment
  • occupational
  • work
  • workplace
  • environmental
  • pollution
  • air
  • soil
  • water

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

7 pages, 278 KiB  
Article
Occupational Exposures in an Equestrian Centre to Respirable Dust and Respirable Crystalline Silica
by Kathleen Bulfin, Hilary Cowie, Karen S. Galea, Alison Connolly and Marie Ann Coggins
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(17), 3226; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173226 - 3 Sep 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5250
Abstract
Sand-based products are regularly used as footing material on indoor equestrian arenas, creating a potential occupational exposure risk for respirable crystalline silica (RCS) for equestrian workers training and exercising horses in these environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate an equestrian [...] Read more.
Sand-based products are regularly used as footing material on indoor equestrian arenas, creating a potential occupational exposure risk for respirable crystalline silica (RCS) for equestrian workers training and exercising horses in these environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate an equestrian worker’s personal RCS and respirable dust (RD) exposure. Sixteen personal full-shift RD measurements were collected from an equestrian worker and analysed for RD, quartz and cristobalite. Geometric mean exposures of 0.12 mg m−3 and 0.02 mg m−3 were calculated for RD and RCS concentrations, respectively. RCS exposures of between 0.01 to 0.09 mg m−3 were measured on days when the indoor arena surface was not watered, compared to lower exposures (<LOD-0.03 mg m−3) on days when the indoor arena was watered (p < 0.01); however, manual watering is time intensive and less likely to be implemented in practice. This small-scale study provides new data on RCS and RD exposures among equestrian workers. RCS exposures are within the range considered to be associated with increased risk for lung cancer. The use of dust control solutions such as water suppression should be promoted for equestrian work in horse riding arenas. Equestrian workers need to receive occupational health training on the health risks associated with RCS exposure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational and Environmental Cancer)
15 pages, 2302 KiB  
Article
Race-, Age-, and Anatomic Site-Specific Gender Differences in Cutaneous Melanoma Suggest Differential Mechanisms of Early- and Late-Onset Melanoma
by Tze-An Yuan, Yunxia Lu, Karen Edwards, James Jakowatz, Frank L. Meyskens and Feng Liu-Smith
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(6), 908; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060908 - 13 Mar 2019
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 5379
Abstract
In order to explore melanoma risk factors through gender-, age-, race-, and site-specific incidence rates, malignant melanoma cases from the Caucasian whites and non-whites were retrieved from the US SEER database. Age-standardized, age-, and site-specific tumor rates were calculated. All races and both [...] Read more.
In order to explore melanoma risk factors through gender-, age-, race-, and site-specific incidence rates, malignant melanoma cases from the Caucasian whites and non-whites were retrieved from the US SEER database. Age-standardized, age-, and site-specific tumor rates were calculated. All races and both genders showed positive annual average percentage changes (AAPCs) over the years, but AAPCs varied at different body sites, with men’s trunk exhibiting the fastest increase. Non-whites were diagnosed at a significantly younger age than whites and showed a trend towards fewer gender differences in the age of diagnosis. However, non-whites and whites showed a similar pattern of age-specific gender differences in the incidence rate ratios. A consistent spiked difference (female vs. male, incidence rate ratio (IRR) >2) was observed at or near the age of 20–24 in all race groups and at all body sites. The highest female vs. male IRR was found in the hip and lower extremities, and the lowest IRR was found in the head and neck region in all races. These race-, gender-, and site-dependent differences suggest that age-associated cumulative sun exposure weighs significantly more in late-onset melanomas, while genetics and/or pathophysiological factors make important contributions to early-onset melanomas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Occupational and Environmental Cancer)
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