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Molecular Updates and Applications in Forensic Medicine

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2025 | Viewed by 1364

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy
Interests: forensic and biological sciences; DNA mixture interpretation; body fluid identification; DNA methylation; age prediction; ancestry; DNA phenotyping; activity level; DNA transfer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Molecular sciences have been providing valuable support to police investigations, medico-legal applications, and both civil and criminal proceedings. Despite their conservative nature—related to their auxiliary role in the justice system—the molecular disciplines have undergone a vast evolution in terms of available methodologies, and an increasingly substantial body of knowledge. DNA typing techniques, such as high-throughput sequencing and rapid sequencing, have been considered the golden standard for individual identification, familial searching, and animal and plant forensics thus far. The development and routine implementation of other techniques, such as transcriptomics technologies, microbiome analysis, environmental DNA analysis, molecular pathology, etc., have greatly expanded the range of retrieval information in complex cases. Furthermore, the increasing emphasis on contextualising DNA evidence has resulted in advancements in identifying body fluids, DNA phenotyping, estimating biological age and ancestry, dating of wounds, and analysing soil and microbiomes to estimate the time of death, to cite a few. This trend of innovation is combined with developments in bioinformatics, probabilistic genotyping software and statistical assessments, as in the case of evaluation at the activity level and sensitivity analysis. However, it is important to consider ethical implications alongside these scientific advancements coupled with the increasing integration of artificial intelligence in forensic sciences.

This Special Issue aims to present the current state-of-the-art molecular biology methodologies. It also intends to showcase original research advancements in the field along with their ethical and social aspects.

Dr. Eugenia Carnevali
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • forensic genetics
  • forensic transcriptomics
  • mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
  • next-generation sequencing (NGS)
  • body fluid identification
  • environmental DNA analysis
  • forensic entomology
  • animal and plant forensics
  • forensic microbiology
  • paternity testing
  • time of death
  • advanced molecular autopsy
  • disaster victim identification (DVI)
  • ancient DNA
  • biological age prediction
  • DNA phenotyping
  • ancestry
  • investigative genetic genealogy
  • ethics in forensic genetics
  • criminal database
  • DNA mixture interpretation
  • activity level
  • forensic bioinformatics
  • artificial intelligence
  • quality assurance

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 2090 KiB  
Article
From Structure to Strength: Analyzing the Impact of Sulfuric Acid on Pig Bone Demineralization Through FTIR, LIBS, and AAS
by Milica Marković, Miroslav Kuzmanović, Dragan Ranković, Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović, Aleksandra Šajić and Dušan Dimić
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 12250; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212250 - 14 Nov 2024
Viewed by 732
Abstract
The present research aimed to investigate the demineralizing effects of sulfuric acid on pig bone. Alterations in collagen and phosphate contents and changes in the elemental composition of the bone during the 14-day-long immersion in sulfuric acid solutions of different concentrations were estimated [...] Read more.
The present research aimed to investigate the demineralizing effects of sulfuric acid on pig bone. Alterations in collagen and phosphate contents and changes in the elemental composition of the bone during the 14-day-long immersion in sulfuric acid solutions of different concentrations were estimated using ATR-FTIR, LIBS, and AAS. FTIR spectra at amide I (1800–1600 cm−1) and phosphate ν13 (PO43−) (1300–900 cm−1) domains were scrutinized using the deconvolution method for monitoring changes in the protein secondary structure and mineral content. The results implicated sulfuric acid as a powerful demineralization agent and effective in targeting mineral components, such as hydroxyapatite, while leaving the collagen matrix relatively preserved with a complex secondary structure. Collagen maturity marker values gave valuable insights into the structural integrity of the bone. LIBS and AAS indicated changes in bone hardness; phosphorous-to-carbon ratio; and calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium content in the solutions left after the immersion period. The changes in the ratio of ionic-to-atomic calcium lines in the LIBS spectra indicated hardening of the bone, with increasing acid concentration and prolonged action, due to the deposition of calcium sulfate on the surface. The calcium concentration in the solutions decreased with increased acid concentration, while the change in phosphorus and magnesium concentrations was reversed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Updates and Applications in Forensic Medicine)
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