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Circulating Tumor Cells: Pathological, Molecular and Functional Characteristics 4.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2025) | Viewed by 7753

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Roentgena 5, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: breast cancer; cell migration; cell adhesion; metastasis; circulating tumor cells; HAX1; entosis; RNA-binding proteins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, therapeutic decisions are based overwhelmingly on the pathological and molecular characterization of the primary tumor. However, metastatic lesions can be highly heterogenous and substantially different from the primary neoplasm, which hampers the efficacy of treatments. Moreover, the inaccessibility of metastatic foci and the invasiveness of a biopsy represent challenging problems and call for some other means of secondary tumor characterization. The analysis of the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a surrogate for metastatic lesions is non-invasive and allows for a detailed characterization of the phenotype, genotype, heterogeneity, and expression profiling, as well as a functional analysis of tumor cells. These data should have a direct impact on the diagnosis and decision-making related to adjuvant treatment by helping with patient stratification and should also provide valuable information about the biology of metastasis. This open access Special Issue will bring together original research and review articles on CTCs, their biology, methods of enumeration and characterization, role in metastasis, and predictive value for diagnostics and therapeutic applications. It will provide a platform to share new discoveries, approaches, and technical developments in the field of CTC research for the development of the next generation of anti-metastasis treatments.

Topics of this Special Issue include, but are not limited to

  • Diagnostic and therapeutic applications of CTC research;
  • The biology of CTCs in different cancer types;
  • CTC mobilization by treatment;
  • Phenotypic/genotypic heterogeneity of CTCs;
  • Technical developments in the isolation, enumeration, and characterization of CTCs;
  • Functional analysis of CTCs, including culture and CDX;
  • CTC analysis in single-cell resolution;
  • Cell-free DNA vs. CTC;
  • Epithelial/hybrid/mesenchymal properties of CTCs;
  • CTC clusters: biology, enumeration, role in metastasis.

Dr. Ewa Grzybowska
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • CTC
  • metastasis
  • tumor heterogeneity
  • invasion
  • single-cell analysis
  • cancer dissemination
  • circulation
  • treatment response
  • CTC clusters

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2459 KiB  
Article
CD47 Expression in Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Tumor Microemboli from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Is a Poor Prognosis Factor
by Jacqueline Aparecida Torres, Angelo Borsarelli Carvalho Brito, Virgilio Souza e Silva, Iara Monique Messias, Alexcia Camila Braun, Anna Paula Carreta Ruano, Marcilei E. C. Buim, Dirce Maria Carraro and Ludmilla Thomé Domingos Chinen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(15), 11958; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241511958 - 26 Jul 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2271
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and/or circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients may be a non-invasive tool for prognosis, acting as liquid biopsy. CTCs interact with platelets through the transforming growth factor-β/transforming growth factor-β receptor type 1 (TGF-β/TGFβRI) forming [...] Read more.
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and/or circulating tumor microemboli (CTM) from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients may be a non-invasive tool for prognosis, acting as liquid biopsy. CTCs interact with platelets through the transforming growth factor-β/transforming growth factor-β receptor type 1 (TGF-β/TGFβRI) forming clusters. CTCs also may express the Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) protein, responsible for the inhibition of phagocytosis, the “don’t eat me” signal to macrophages. Objectives: To isolate, quantify and analyze CTCs/CTMs from metastatic NSCLC patients, identify TGFβRI/CD47 expression in CTCs/CTMs, and correlate with progression-free survival (PFS). Methods: Blood (10 mL) was collected at two time-points: T1 (before the beginning of any line of treatment; T2 (60 days after initial collection). CTCs were isolated using ISET®. Immunocytochemistry was conducted to evaluate TGFβRI/CD47 expression. Results: 45 patients were evaluated. CTCs were observed in 82.2% of patients at T1 (median: 1 CTC/mL; range: 0.33–11.33 CTCs/mL) and 94.5% at T2 (median: 1.33 CTC/mL; 0.33–9.67). CTMs were observed in 24.5% of patients and significantly associated with poor PFS (10 months vs. 17 months for those without clusters; p = 0.05) and disease progression (p = 0.017). CTMs CD47+ resulted in poor PFS (p = 0.041). TGFβRI expression in CTCs/CTMs was not associated with PFS. Conclusion: In this study, we observed that CTC/CTM from NSCLC patients express the immune evasion markers TGFβRI/CD47. The presence of CTMs CD47+ is associated with poor PFS. This was the first study to investigate CD47 expression in CTCs/CTM of patients with NSCLC and its association with poor PFS. Full article
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Review

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17 pages, 688 KiB  
Review
Improving the Prognostic and Predictive Value of Circulating Tumor Cell Enumeration: Is Longitudinal Monitoring the Answer?
by Anna Fabisiewicz, Malgorzata Szostakowska-Rodzos and Ewa A. Grzybowska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10612; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910612 - 2 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1356
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) numbers in the blood of cancer patients can indicate the progression and invasiveness of tumors, and their prognostic and predictive value has been repeatedly demonstrated. However, the standard baseline CTC count at the beginning of treatment, while informative, is [...] Read more.
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) numbers in the blood of cancer patients can indicate the progression and invasiveness of tumors, and their prognostic and predictive value has been repeatedly demonstrated. However, the standard baseline CTC count at the beginning of treatment, while informative, is not completely reliable and may not adequately reflect the state of the disease. A growing number of studies indicate that the long-term monitoring of CTC numbers in the same patient provides more comprehensive prognostic data and should be incorporated into clinical practice, as a factor that contributes to therapeutic decisions. This review describes the current status of CTC enumeration as a prognostic and predictive factor, highlights the shortcomings of current solutions, and advocates for longitudinal CTC analysis as a more effective method of the evaluation of developing disease, treatment efficacy, and the long term-monitoring of the minimal residual disease. As evidenced by the described reports, the longitudinal monitoring of CTCs should provide a better and more sensitive prediction of the course of the disease, and its incorporation in clinical practice should be beneficial. Full article
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27 pages, 1173 KiB  
Review
Exploring the Immunological Profile in Breast Cancer: Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Prognosis through Circulating Tumor Cells
by Amalia Kotsifaki, Sousanna Maroulaki and Athanasios Armakolas
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(9), 4832; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094832 - 29 Apr 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3302
Abstract
This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the intricate immunological landscape of breast cancer (BC), focusing on recent advances in diagnosis and prognosis through the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Positioned within the broader context of BC research, it underscores the pivotal [...] Read more.
This review offers a comprehensive exploration of the intricate immunological landscape of breast cancer (BC), focusing on recent advances in diagnosis and prognosis through the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Positioned within the broader context of BC research, it underscores the pivotal role of the immune system in shaping the disease’s progression. The primary objective of this investigation is to synthesize current knowledge on the immunological aspects of BC, with a particular emphasis on the diagnostic and prognostic potential offered by CTCs. This review adopts a thorough examination of the relevant literature, incorporating recent breakthroughs in the field. The methodology section succinctly outlines the approach, with a specific focus on CTC analysis and its implications for BC diagnosis and prognosis. Through this review, insights into the dynamic interplay between the immune system and BC are highlighted, with a specific emphasis on the role of CTCs in advancing diagnostic methodologies and refining prognostic assessments. Furthermore, this review presents objective and substantiated results, contributing to a deeper understanding of the immunological complexity in BC. In conclusion, this investigation underscores the significance of exploring the immunological profile of BC patients, providing valuable insights into novel advances in diagnosis and prognosis through the utilization of CTCs. The objective presentation of findings emphasizes the crucial role of the immune system in BC dynamics, thereby opening avenues for enhanced clinical management strategies. Full article
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