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Therapeutic Targets and Approaches to Manage Inflammation: Disappointing Past, Current Efforts and Faint Hopes

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2024) | Viewed by 1603

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
Interests: inflammatory pathways; tissue remodeling; cell death mechanisms; mechanism of action of drugs; nutraceuticals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The scientific community has made several efforts in the past and until now to understand the fascinating and complex field of inflammation. Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli but may also play a significant role in the pathogenesis of different diseases and sometimes may worsen their prognosis. In this context, different therapeutic approaches have been discovered to date but might also be responsible for side effects. For this reason, new treatments are needed to counteract inflammation, thus reducing the associated risks and side effects. The aim of this Special Issue is to collect past, current, and new insights regarding inflammation and its related molecular pathways in order to understand whether they could be useful as therapeutic targets: their modulation with specific drugs, also of natural origin, might contribute to the management of various chronic diseases. This Special Issue welcomes original research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on inflammation and anti-inflammatory responses.

Dr. Natasha Irrera
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • inflammation
  • inflammatory pathways
  • resolution of inflammation
  • inflammasome
  • molecular pathways
  • anti-inflammatory response

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1260 KiB  
Article
Pulmonary Congestion and Anemia in Hemodialysis: The Potential Link to Inflammation
by Saleh Kaysi, Bakhtar Pacha, Marie-Hélène Antoine, Eric De Prez and Joëlle Nortier
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 11263; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011263 - 19 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Pulmonary congestion (PC) is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We explored the association of anemia and pulmonary congestion in HD patients. A prospective pilot observational study included 18 patients on maintenance HD. Individual B-lines scores (BLS; 8-sites method) were obtained by lung ultrasound, [...] Read more.
Pulmonary congestion (PC) is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We explored the association of anemia and pulmonary congestion in HD patients. A prospective pilot observational study included 18 patients on maintenance HD. Individual B-lines scores (BLS; 8-sites method) were obtained by lung ultrasound, before and after the first two consecutive HD sessions of the week (HD1-HD2), with different inter-dialytic intervals (68 vs. 44 h). Bioimpedance spectroscopy body composition (BIS) was performed before each HD session. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels, in addition to circulating markers of chronic inflammation (soluble urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor [suPAR], soluble Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2 [sST2]) were obtained. Mean (±SD) BLS values were quite elevated at all time points: Pre-HD1 (16 ± 5.53), post-HD1 (15.3 ± 6.63), pre-HD2 (16.3 ± 5.26) and post-HD2 (13.6 ± 5.83), respectively. No direct significant correlation was found between inflammation markers levels and BLS. However, mean levels (±SD, ng/mL) of suPAR pre-HD1 (7.88 ± 3.07) and pre-HD2 (7.78 ± 3.02) remained significantly above the normal range (<4 ng/mL), and sST2 levels reached 2-fold the upper normal value in most patients (27.4 ± 17.8). Pulmonary congestion reflected by BLS was negatively correlated to Hb levels pre-HD1 (R² = 0.439, p = 0.003), and pre-HD2 (R² = 0.301, p = 0.018). In addition, Hb levels were negatively correlated to global volume status estimated by BIS (R² = 0.351, p = 0.009). Hemoglobin levels were negatively correlated to pulmonary congestion and to the global volume status evaluated by BIS. Chronic inflammation markers were increased in HD patients, suggesting a complex volume- and non-volume-dependent pathophysiology of pulmonary congestion in HD patients. Full article
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Review

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33 pages, 1192 KiB  
Review
Chronic Inflammation Offers Hints About Viable Therapeutic Targets for Preeclampsia and Potentially Related Offspring Sequelae
by Jaya Prasad, Juliette Van Steenwinckel, Alistair J. Gunn, Laura Bennet, Steven J. Korzeniewski, Pierre Gressens and Justin M. Dean
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 12999; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312999 - 3 Dec 2024
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Abstract
The combination of hypertension with systemic inflammation during pregnancy is a hallmark of preeclampsia, but both processes also convey dynamic information about its antecedents and correlates (e.g., fetal growth restriction) and potentially related offspring sequelae. Causal inferences are further complicated by the increasingly [...] Read more.
The combination of hypertension with systemic inflammation during pregnancy is a hallmark of preeclampsia, but both processes also convey dynamic information about its antecedents and correlates (e.g., fetal growth restriction) and potentially related offspring sequelae. Causal inferences are further complicated by the increasingly frequent overlap of preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and multiple indicators of acute and chronic inflammation, with decreased gestational length and its correlates (e.g., social vulnerability). This complexity prompted our group to summarize information from mechanistic studies, integrated with key clinical evidence, to discuss the possibility that sustained or intermittent systemic inflammation-related phenomena offer hints about viable therapeutic targets, not only for the prevention of preeclampsia, but also the neurobehavioral and other developmental deficits that appear to be overrepresented in surviving offspring. Importantly, we feel that carefully designed hypothesis-driven observational studies are necessary if we are to translate the mechanistic evidence into child health benefits, namely because multiple pregnancy disorders might contribute to heightened risks of neuroinflammation, arrested brain development, or dysconnectivity in survivors who exhibit developmental problems later in life. Full article
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