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Targeting Cancer Metabolism: From Mechanism to Therapies

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Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, the etiopathogenesis of cancer has focused on genetics. More recently, the possible involvement of metabolic alterations in oncological processes has been documented in greater detail. Unlike healthy cells, cancer cells often rely on glycolysis for energy production, even in the presence of oxygen—a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect, as first reported in 1924 by Otto Warburg. This metabolic shift supports rapid cell growth and survival under stressful conditions. Changes in the expression of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism constitute a fundamental aspect of metabolic reprogramming, and these unique metabolic pathways present high-potential targets and promising avenues for new cancer therapies. However, several questions remain, for example, the degree to which genetics may promote metabolic disorders subsequently driving emergence of cancer, or whether some cancers may be the result of a dysregulated metabolism alone and how the latter may be prevented. Currently, metabolic alterations are considered a key feature of tumorigenesis, as they can modulate fundamental processes involved in proliferation, migration, and metastatic invasion.

We invite researchers and professionals to share their latest findings and insights on this important topic.

Dr. Zisis Kozlakidis
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cancer metabolism
  • metabolic alterations
  • Warburg effect
  • metabolic reprogramming
  • metabolic disorder
  • mitochondrial dysfunction
  • mitochondrial dynamics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 3639 KB  
Article
Glutaminase Reprogramming in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Potential as a Novel Therapeutic Target
by Vincent Tambay, Valérie-Ann Raymond, Simon Turcotte and Marc Bilodeau
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9653; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199653 - 3 Oct 2025
Viewed by 501
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer, with a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis, limited curative therapies, and underlying liver disease. Glutamine metabolism, a crucial pathway in cancer, remains poorly understood in HCC, which develops in an already metabolically [...] Read more.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer, with a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis, limited curative therapies, and underlying liver disease. Glutamine metabolism, a crucial pathway in cancer, remains poorly understood in HCC, which develops in an already metabolically dynamic organ. This study aimed to characterize glutamine metabolism in HCC. Glutamine metabolism in HCC was explored through in vitro analysis of neoplastic characteristics, experimental hepatocarcinogenesis in C57BL/6 mice, and examination of liver samples from patients with HCC, cirrhosis, and non-diseased liver. The evaluation included metabolite abundance and mRNA/protein expressions. In mice, tumors exhibited hyperactive glutaminolysis compared to adjacent tissue. Notably, glutaminase expression shifted from the liver isoform (GLS2) in normal and cirrhotic livers to the kidney isoform (GLS1) in HCC. In samples from patients, HCC tumors showed overexpression of glutamine synthetase and GLS1 along with a loss of GLS2 expression, providing excellent discrimination of HCC lesions from cirrhotic and normal liver samples. Inhibiting GLS1 with CB-839 significantly impacted glutamine metabolism in HCC cells while showing limited activity on normal hepatocytes. HCC tumors show reprogramming of GLS2 to GLS1, with a concomitant increase in glutamine synthetase. These characteristics can discriminate HCC from cirrhotic and normal liver tissues. Overexpressed GLS1 and loss of GLS2 within tumors convey an unfavorable prognosis in patients with HCC. Pharmacological inhibition of GLS1 in HCC cells successfully harnesses glutamine metabolism, representing an attractive target for novel therapeutic approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeting Cancer Metabolism: From Mechanism to Therapies)
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