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Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: From Basic Research to Clinical Approaches

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 1518

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
Interests: hepatic steatosis; diabetes and its complications; obesity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing public health concern, and it is considered the most common cause of chronic liver disease. A positive diagnosis of MASLD is based on the presence of hepatic steatosis coupled with at least one cardiometabolic risk factor and no other distinguishable cause.

MASLD includes a wide range of liver injuries and can lead to severe conditions such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Its presence is associated with an increased susceptibility to mortality across different causes. Despite the prevalence of MASLD, a specific approved pharmaceutical compound effective for its treatment is still lacking. Being a complex disease involving genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, an ideal treatment approach for MASLD should target various aspects, such as steatosis reduction, improvement in liver functionality, and protection from other comorbidities. For this purpose, it is critical to fully understand the pathogenesis of MASLD, develop new strategies targeting selective pathways for its prevention or delayed progression, and identify risk factors for early diagnosis.

This Special Issue aims to present a collection of articles related to MASLD from basic research to clinical approaches. Comprehensive studies summarizing the latest findings on clinical trials and studies providing new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in MASLD are welcome.

Dr. Barbara Toffoli
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)
  • steatosis
  • obesity
  • type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • therapeutic targets and interventions

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2088 KiB  
Article
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Attenuate Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Activating the FGF21-Adiponectin Axis
by Bobae Kim, Rwubuzizi Ronaldo, Beet-Na Kweon, Solhee Yoon, Yein Park, Jea-Hyun Baek, Jung Min Lee and Chang-Kee Hyun
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10447; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910447 - 27 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have shown promise in treating metabolic disorders, yet their specific mechanisms remain largely unclear. This study investigates the protective effects of exosomes from human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs) against adiposity and insulin resistance [...] Read more.
Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have shown promise in treating metabolic disorders, yet their specific mechanisms remain largely unclear. This study investigates the protective effects of exosomes from human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJMSCs) against adiposity and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. HFD-fed mice treated with hWJMSC-derived exosomes demonstrated improved gut barrier integrity, which restored immune balance in the liver and adipose tissues by reducing macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Furthermore, these exosomes normalized lipid metabolism including lipid oxidation and lipogenesis, which alleviate lipotoxicity-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, thereby decreasing fat accumulation and chronic tissue inflammation in hepatic and adipose tissues. Notably, hWJMSC-derived exosomes also promoted browning and thermogenic capacity of adipose tissues, which was linked to reduced fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) resistance and increased adiponectin production. This process activated the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway, highlighting the role of the FGF21–adiponectin axis. Our findings elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which hWJMSC-derived exosomes counteract HFD-induced metabolic dysfunctions, supporting their potential as therapeutic agents for metabolic disorders. Full article
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Review

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15 pages, 1634 KiB  
Review
RANK–RANKL–OPG Axis in MASLD: Current Evidence Linking Bone and Liver Diseases and Future Perspectives
by Federico Monti, Federica Perazza, Laura Leoni, Bernardo Stefanini, Silvia Ferri, Francesco Tovoli, Guido Zavatta, Fabio Piscaglia, Maria Letizia Petroni and Federico Ravaioli
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9193; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179193 - 24 Aug 2024
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Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)—and its worse form, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), characterised by inflammation and liver damage—corresponds to the liver’s involvement in metabolic syndrome, which constitutes an economic burden for healthcare systems. However, the biomolecular pathways that contribute to steatotic liver disease [...] Read more.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)—and its worse form, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), characterised by inflammation and liver damage—corresponds to the liver’s involvement in metabolic syndrome, which constitutes an economic burden for healthcare systems. However, the biomolecular pathways that contribute to steatotic liver disease are not completely clear. Abnormalities of bone metabolism are frequent in people affected by metabolic liver disease, with reduced bone density and an increased risk of fracture. Receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin(OPG) are critical regulators of bone metabolism, performing pleiotropic effects, and may have potential involvement in metabolic disorders like MASLD, resulting in a topic of great interest and intrigue. This narrative review aims to investigate this potential role and its implications in MASLD development and progression and in hepatocellular carcinoma, which represents its worst complication. Full article
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