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Effect of Diet on Human Neurocognitive Function
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Effect of Diet on Human Neurocognitive Function

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2024) | Viewed by 2277

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Radosław Zajdel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science in Economics and Medicine, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
Interests: data analysis; bioactives; nutraceuticals; medical informatics; medical statistics; clinical data analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As people age, cognitive performance naturally declines, particularly in terms of memory and processing speed. Tests for reaction time, episodic memory, and spatial working memory already show signs of decline in middle age. Although cognitive decline is a natural aspect of aging, lifestyle factors such as diet may account for significant inter-individual differences. Dietary modification is an encouraging avenue for prevention strategies aimed at preserving cognitive health and slowing cognitive decline. Healthy dietary patterns have been found to be protective of cognitive function as people age. It is demonstrated that neurocognitive performance is influenced by nutritional factors ranging from the dietary level, such as whole diet and meal composition, to nutrient components.

Neurons consume a large amount of energy for signal processing and propagation, which are energetically demanding processes. The brain primarily relies on glucose as its energy substrate to meet this high energy demand. Additionally, the brain can adjust its metabolism in response to changes in nutrition to maintain homeostasis. However, the effects of these challenges on various nervous cell types are still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to explore how the different metabolic flexibilities of nervous cells can help manage nutritional or pathological challenges.

Prof. Dr. Radosław Zajdel
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

  • cognition
  • cognitive impairment
  • dietary pattern
  • nutrients
  • nervous cells

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 702 KiB  
Article
Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Supplementation in a Triglyceride Form Prevents from Polyglutamine-Induced Dysfunctions in Caenorhabditis elegans
by Ignasi Mora, Alex Teixidó, Rafael P. Vázquez-Manrique, Francesc Puiggròs and Lluís Arola
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 12594; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252312594 (registering DOI) - 23 Nov 2024
Viewed by 39
Abstract
A common hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of polypeptide aggregates in neurons. Despite the primary cause of these diseases being inherently genetic, their development can be delayed with proper preventive treatments. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFA) are promising bioactive nutrients [...] Read more.
A common hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases is the accumulation of polypeptide aggregates in neurons. Despite the primary cause of these diseases being inherently genetic, their development can be delayed with proper preventive treatments. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LCPUFA) are promising bioactive nutrients that are beneficial for brain health. In this study, the impact of an oil rich in a structured form of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) triglyceride (TG) was assessed in a Caenorhabditis elegans model expressing long poly-glutamine (polyQ) chains, which mimics the symptomatology of polyQ-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington disease (HD), among others. The lifespan, the motility, the number of polyQ aggregates, the oxidative stress resistance, and the cognitive performance associated with sensitive stimuli was measured in mutant nematodes with polyQ aggregates. Overall, DHA-TG at 0.5 µM improved the lifespan, the motility, the oxidative stress resistance, and the cognitive performance of the nematodes, emphasizing the protection against serotonergic synapse dysfunction. Furthermore, the treatment reduced the polyQ aggregates in the nematodes. The data described herein shed light on the connection between DHA and the cognitive performance in neurodegenerative diseases and demonstrated the potential of DHA-TG as nutritional co-adjuvant to prevent the development of polyQ-associated dysfunctions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Diet on Human Neurocognitive Function)

Review

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23 pages, 3482 KiB  
Review
Genus Sambucus: Exploring Its Potential as a Functional Food Ingredient with Neuroprotective Properties Mediated by Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms
by Anna Merecz-Sadowska, Przemysław Sitarek, Karolina Zajdel, Wiktoria Sztandera and Radosław Zajdel
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7843; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147843 - 18 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1520
Abstract
The genus Sambucus, mainly Sambucus nigra, has emerged as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with potential neuroprotective properties. This review explores the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroregenerative effects of Sambucus-derived compounds and their implications for brain health and cognitive function. [...] Read more.
The genus Sambucus, mainly Sambucus nigra, has emerged as a valuable source of bioactive compounds with potential neuroprotective properties. This review explores the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroregenerative effects of Sambucus-derived compounds and their implications for brain health and cognitive function. In vitro studies have demonstrated the ability of Sambucus extracts to mitigate oxidative stress, modulate inflammatory responses, and promote neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation. In vivo studies using animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, have shown that Sambucus compounds can improve cognitive function, motor performance, and neuronal survival while attenuating neuroinflammation and oxidative damage. The neuroprotective effects of Sambucus are primarily attributed to its rich content of polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, which exert their benefits through multiple mechanisms, including the modulation of signaling pathways involved in inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the potential of Sambucus as a functional food ingredient is discussed, highlighting its application in various food products and the challenges associated with the stability and bioavailability of its bioactive compounds. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on the neuroprotective potential of Sambucus and its derivatives, offering valuable insights for the development of dietary strategies to promote brain health and prevent age-related cognitive decline. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effect of Diet on Human Neurocognitive Function)
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