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Precious Metals in Nanomedicine: Assessing the True Value of Gold and Silver

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 9018

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Periasamy Anbu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
Interests: nanomaterials; microbial enzymes; polyunsaturated fatty acids
Dr. Subash C B Gopinath

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology and Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia
Interests: nanobiosensors; nanosensors; biomedical sciences; biomedical engineering; material science; biosensors and nanotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Nanotechnology is a blooming field that facilitates the generation of nanomaterials and nanodevices for various applications in medicine, biotechnology, industry, chemistry, engineering and other fields. In particular, nanomaterials such as gold and silver are predominantly used in diagnosis and imaging in order to treat various diseases including infectious diseases and cancer, due to their high surface area, biocompatibility, stability, easy tailorability, surface plasmon resonance and multifunctional properties. Gold and silver are the most promising elements and can inhibit infectious microorganisms, and this effect can be enhanced further upon transformation. In addition, compared to the traditional anti-cancer drugs, gold and silver nanomaterials enable a targeted approach that prevents undesirable effects. 

Prof. Dr. Periasamy Anbu
Dr. Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nano-drugs
  • gold and silver nanoparticles
  • anti-cancer drug
  • nano-biosensor
  • cancer therapy
  • drug delivery
  • polymer-coated nanomaterials
  • bioimaging
  • theranostics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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28 pages, 12333 KiB  
Article
A Microfluidic Approach for Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles as a Potential Antimicrobial Agent in Alginate–Hyaluronic Acid-Based Wound Dressings
by Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă, Oana Gherasim, Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu, Ionela Andreea Neacșu, Cristina Chircov, Bogdan Ștefan Vasile, Ovidiu Cristian Oprea, Ecaterina Andronescu, Miruna Silvia Stan, Carmen Curuțiu, Lia Mara Dițu and Alina Maria Holban
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11466; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411466 - 14 Jul 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1633
Abstract
The recognized antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles is a well-studied property, especially when designing and developing biomaterials with medical applications. As biological activity is closely related to the physicochemical characteristics of a material, aspects such as particle morphology and dimension should be considered. [...] Read more.
The recognized antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles is a well-studied property, especially when designing and developing biomaterials with medical applications. As biological activity is closely related to the physicochemical characteristics of a material, aspects such as particle morphology and dimension should be considered. Microfluidic systems in continuous flow represent a promising method to control the size, shape, and size distribution of synthesized nanoparticles. Moreover, using microfluidics widens the synthesis options by creating and controlling parameters that are otherwise difficult to maintain in conventional batch procedures. This study used a microfluidic platform with a cross-shape design as an innovative method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles and varied the precursor concentration and the purging speed as experimental parameters. The compositional and microstructural characterization of the obtained samples was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Four formulations of alginate-based hydrogels with the addition of hyaluronic acid and silver nanoparticles were obtained to highlight the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles and the efficiency of such a composite in wound treatment. The porous structure, swelling capacity, and biological properties were evaluated through physicochemical analysis (FT-IR and SEM) and through contact with prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The results of the physicochemical and biological investigations revealed desirable characteristics for performant wound dressings (i.e., biocompatibility, appropriate porous structure, swelling rate, and degradation rate, ability to inhibit biofilm formation, and cell growth stimulation capacity), and the obtained materials are thus recommended for treating chronic and infected wounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precious Metals in Nanomedicine: Assessing the True Value of Gold and Silver)
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21 pages, 4726 KiB  
Article
A New Gold(III) Complex, TGS 703, Shows Potent Anti-Inflammatory Activity in Colitis via the Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System—An In Vitro, In Silico, and In Vivo Study
by Jakub Włodarczyk, Julia Krajewska, Łukasz Szeleszczuk, Patrycja Szałwińska, Agata Gurba, Szymon Lipiec, Przemysław Taciak, Remigiusz Szczepaniak, Izabela Mlynarczuk-Bialy and Jakub Fichna
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7025; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087025 - 10 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1806
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and their main representatives, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are worldwide health-care problems with constantly increasing frequency and still not fully understood pathogenesis. IBD treatment involves drugs such as corticosteroids, derivatives of 5-aminosalicylic acid, thiopurines, and others, with the [...] Read more.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and their main representatives, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are worldwide health-care problems with constantly increasing frequency and still not fully understood pathogenesis. IBD treatment involves drugs such as corticosteroids, derivatives of 5-aminosalicylic acid, thiopurines, and others, with the goal to achieve and maintain remission of the disease. Nowadays, as our knowledge about IBD is continually growing, more specific and effective therapies at the molecular level are wanted. In our study, we tested novel gold complexes and their potential effect on inflammation and IBD in vitro, in silico, and in vivo. A series of new gold(III) complexes (TGS 404, 512, 701, 702, and 703) were designed and screened in the in vitro inflammation studies. In silico modeling was used to study the gold complexes’ structure vs. their activity and stability. Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis was employed to characterize the anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cell experiments proved the anti-inflammatory potential of all tested complexes. Selected on the bases of in vitro and in silico analyses, TGS 703 significantly alleviated inflammation in the DSS-induced mouse model of colitis, which was confirmed by a statistically significant decrease in the macro- and microscopic score of inflammation. The mechanism of action of TGS 703 was linked to the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. TGS 703 and other gold(III) complexes present anti-inflammatory potential and may be applied therapeutically in the treatment of IBD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precious Metals in Nanomedicine: Assessing the True Value of Gold and Silver)
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12 pages, 1709 KiB  
Article
Parametric Drug Release Optimization of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs by Gold Nanoparticles for Topically Applied Ocular Therapy
by Gabrielle Raiche-Marcoux, Alexis Loiseau, Cloé Maranda, Audrée Poliquin and Elodie Boisselier
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 16191; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232416191 - 19 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1691
Abstract
Eye drops represent 90% of all currently used ophthalmic treatments. Only 0.02% of therapeutic molecules contained in eye drops reach the eye anterior chamber despite their high concentration. The tear film efficiently protects the cornea, reducing access to the target. Thereby, the increase [...] Read more.
Eye drops represent 90% of all currently used ophthalmic treatments. Only 0.02% of therapeutic molecules contained in eye drops reach the eye anterior chamber despite their high concentration. The tear film efficiently protects the cornea, reducing access to the target. Thereby, the increase in the drug bioavailability and efficiency must come from the mucoadhesion optimization of the drug delivery system. The gold nanoparticles, used as a drug delivery system in this study, already showcased ultrastable and mucoadhesive properties. The goal was to study the gold nanoparticles’ ability to release two specific ophthalmic drugs, flurbiprofen and ketorolac. The parameters of interest were those involving the loading conditions, the gold nanoparticles properties, and the release experimental conditions. The drug release was measured using an in vitro model based on dialysis bags coupled with UV–visible spectroscopy. Gold nanoparticles showed an ability to release different molecules, whether hydrophobic or hydrophilic, in passive or active drug release environments. Based on these preliminary results, gold nanoparticles could represent a promising drug delivery system for ketorolac and flurbiprofen when topically applied through eye drops. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precious Metals in Nanomedicine: Assessing the True Value of Gold and Silver)
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16 pages, 2190 KiB  
Article
Fluorescence Quenching of Tyrosine-Ag Nanoclusters by Metal Ions: Analytical and Physicochemical Assessment
by Ditta Ungor, Rita Bélteki, Krisztián Horváth, Orsolya Dömötör and Edit Csapó
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(17), 9775; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179775 - 29 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1900
Abstract
A new synthesis method is described for the first time to produce silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) by using the tyrosine (Tyr) amino acid. Several important parameters (e.g., molar ratios, initial pH, reaction time etc.) were optimized to reach the highest yield. The formed Tyr-AgNCs [...] Read more.
A new synthesis method is described for the first time to produce silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) by using the tyrosine (Tyr) amino acid. Several important parameters (e.g., molar ratios, initial pH, reaction time etc.) were optimized to reach the highest yield. The formed Tyr-AgNCs show characteristic blue emission at λem = 410 nm, and two dominant fluorescence lifetime components were deconvoluted (τ1 ~ 3.7 and τ2 ~ 4.9 ns). The NCs contained metallic cores stabilized by dityrosine. For possible application, the interactions with several metal ions from the tap water and wastewater were investigated. Among the studied cations, four different ions (Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, and Rh3+) had a dominant effect on the fluorescence of NCs. Based on the detected quenching processes, the limit of detection of the metal ions was determined. Static quenching (formation of a non-luminescent complex) was observed in all cases by temperature-dependent measurements. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the interactions are spontaneous ranked in the following order of strength: Cu2+ > Fe3+ > Rh3+ > Ni2+. Based on the sign and relations of the standard enthalpy (ΔH°) and entropy changes (ΔS°), the dominant forces were also identified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precious Metals in Nanomedicine: Assessing the True Value of Gold and Silver)
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Review

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21 pages, 1500 KiB  
Review
Metal-Based Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Diseases
by Alexandru Scafa Udriște, Alexandra Cristina Burdușel, Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu, Marius Rădulescu and Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 1001; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25021001 - 13 Jan 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1364
Abstract
Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and disability. While there are many therapeutic alternatives available for the management of CVDs, the majority of classic therapeutic strategies were found to be ineffective at stopping or significantly/additionally slowing the progression of [...] Read more.
Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death and disability. While there are many therapeutic alternatives available for the management of CVDs, the majority of classic therapeutic strategies were found to be ineffective at stopping or significantly/additionally slowing the progression of these diseases, or they had unfavorable side effects. Numerous metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) have been created to overcome these limitations, demonstrating encouraging possibilities in the treatment of CVDs due to advancements in nanotechnology. Metallic nanomaterials, including gold, silver, and iron, come in various shapes, sizes, and geometries. Metallic NPs are generally smaller and have more specialized physical, chemical, and biological properties. Metal-based NPs may come in various forms, such as nanoshells, nanorods, and nanospheres, and they have been studied the most. Massive potential applications for these metal nanomaterial structures include supporting molecular imaging, serving as drug delivery systems, enhancing radiation-based anticancer therapy, supplying photothermal transforming effects for thermal therapy, and being compounds with bactericidal, fungicidal, and antiviral qualities that may be helpful for cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the present paper aims to review the applications of relevant metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in CVDs, creating an up-to-date framework that aids researchers in developing more efficient treatment strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precious Metals in Nanomedicine: Assessing the True Value of Gold and Silver)
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