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Is There An Aging Signature Across Human Tissues?

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2021) | Viewed by 16767

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Interests: biological aging, sarcopenia, skeletal muscle, inflammation, senescence, mitochondrial function

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aging is the major risk factor for chronic diseases and an inevitable process in humans.  The global population of individuals over the age of 65 is growing and most older individuals are affected by multiple chronic conditions or multimorbidity that lead to an increased risk of mortality.  Understanding how and why we age, that is, the underlying biological mechanisms of aging, become important to develop interventions aimed at delaying or preventing the onset of chronic conditions and other age-related diseases. High-throughput methods for examining changes in transcriptome, metabolome, proteome, methylome, etc will allow us to elucidate some of the changes that occur with age in several human tissues and to analyse if these molecular signatures correlate with chronological age and/or physiological age. If there is any an aging signature across tissues still remains unknown. In this Special Issue titled, “Is There An Aging Signature Across Human Tissues?” we would like to highlight the latest advances in this research topic. We invite authors to submit original research and review articles revealing the molecular mechanisms and/or molecular signature of biological aging across tissues, including, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle and brain
  • Cellular Senescence in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Autophagy mechanisms in aging and disease
  • Chronic Inflammation and age-related diseases
  • Biological Aging
  • Chronological Aging
  • DNA methylation in skeletal muscle
  • Protein synthesis

Dr. Marta Gonzalez-Freire
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

12 pages, 578 KiB  
Review
Organoids: An Emerging Tool to Study Aging Signature across Human Tissues. Modeling Aging with Patient-Derived Organoids
by Margalida Torrens-Mas, Catalina Perelló-Reus, Cayetano Navas-Enamorado, Lesly Ibargüen-González, Andres Sanchez-Polo, Juan Jose Segura-Sampedro, Luis Masmiquel, Carles Barcelo and Marta Gonzalez-Freire
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(19), 10547; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910547 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4520
Abstract
The biology of aging is focused on the identification of novel pathways that regulate the underlying processes of aging to develop interventions aimed at delaying the onset and progression of chronic diseases to extend lifespan. However, the research on the aging field has [...] Read more.
The biology of aging is focused on the identification of novel pathways that regulate the underlying processes of aging to develop interventions aimed at delaying the onset and progression of chronic diseases to extend lifespan. However, the research on the aging field has been conducted mainly in animal models, yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, and cell cultures. Thus, it is unclear to what extent this knowledge is transferable to humans since they might not reflect the complexity of aging in people. An organoid culture is an in vitro 3D cell-culture technology that reproduces the physiological and cellular composition of the tissues and/or organs. This technology is being used in the cancer field to predict the response of a patient-derived tumor to a certain drug or treatment serving as patient stratification and drug-guidance approaches. Modeling aging with patient-derived organoids has a tremendous potential as a preclinical model tool to discover new biomarkers of aging, to predict adverse outcomes during aging, and to design personalized approaches for the prevention and treatment of aging-related diseases and geriatric syndromes. This could represent a novel approach to study chronological and/or biological aging, paving the way to personalized interventions targeting the biology of aging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Is There An Aging Signature Across Human Tissues?)
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27 pages, 33536 KiB  
Review
Physical Exercise and Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Pathophysiological Molecular Pathways of the Disease
by Susana López-Ortiz, Jose Pinto-Fraga, Pedro L. Valenzuela, Juan Martín-Hernández, María M. Seisdedos, Oscar García-López, Nicola Toschi, Francesca Di Giuliano, Francesco Garaci, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Robert Nisticò, Enzo Emanuele, Simone Lista, Alejandro Lucia and Alejandro Santos-Lozano
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(6), 2897; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062897 - 12 Mar 2021
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 11737
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia in adults worldwide, is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder characterized by the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors and the dysregulation of numerous intracellular signaling and cellular/molecular pathways. The introduction of the systems [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia in adults worldwide, is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder characterized by the interaction of genetic and epigenetic factors and the dysregulation of numerous intracellular signaling and cellular/molecular pathways. The introduction of the systems biology framework is revolutionizing the study of complex diseases by allowing the identification and integration of cellular/molecular pathways and networks of interaction. Here, we reviewed the relationship between physical activity and the next pathophysiological processes involved in the risk of developing AD, based on some crucial molecular pathways and biological process dysregulated in AD: (1) Immune system and inflammation; (2) Endothelial function and cerebrovascular insufficiency; (3) Apoptosis and cell death; (4) Intercellular communication; (5) Metabolism, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity; (6) DNA damage and repair; (7) Cytoskeleton and membrane proteins; (8) Synaptic plasticity. Moreover, we highlighted the increasingly relevant role played by advanced neuroimaging technologies, including structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and arterial spin labelling, in exploring the link between AD and physical exercise. Regular physical exercise seems to have a protective effect against AD by inhibiting different pathophysiological molecular pathways implicated in AD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Is There An Aging Signature Across Human Tissues?)
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