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Recent Advances of Carbon-Based Materials Compositions and Functionalizations
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Recent Advances of Carbon-Based Materials Compositions and Functionalizations

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2023) | Viewed by 8396

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yingquan Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
Interests: biomass pyrolysis mechanism; biomass polygeneration; large scale of heat storage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the development of human science and technology, the advantages of carbon-based materials are gradually recognized by people. After decades of research and exploration, it has provided a unique solution to the huge challenges facing human beings, and has developed in applications in the fields of energy, environment, and soil. However, the understanding of carbon-based materials compositions and functionalizations still limits the application of carbon-based materials. For this reason, the present Special Issue in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences emerged as an essential service to the international community working with the carbon-based materials compositions and functionalizations in various ways: the preparation methods and formation mechanism of carbon-based materials; carbon-based materials compositions and evolution mechanism; carbon-based materials functionalizations and applications in various fields, etc.

The main directions of the present Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • Physical Chemistry of carbon-based materials
  • Design, Synthesis, Functioning
  • Multiscale Models in Complex chemical Systems
  • Applications in the fields of energy, environment, and soil

Dr. Yingquan Chen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renewable energy
  • carbon-based materials
  • zero-dimensional materials
  • physical and chemical activation
  • modification method
  • chemical interaction
  • self-assembly
  • template synthesis

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 3547 KiB  
Article
Observation of High Magnetic Bistability in Lanthanide (Ln = Gd, Tb and Dy)-Grafted Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Molecular System
by Venkateswara Rao Sodisetti, Andreas Lemmerer, Daniel Wamwangi and Somnath Bhattacharyya
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(15), 12303; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512303 - 1 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1072
Abstract
There is an immense research interest in molecular hybrid materials posing novel magnetic properties for usage in spintronic devices and quantum technological applications. Although grafting magnetic molecules onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is nontrivial, there is a need to explore their single molecule magnetic [...] Read more.
There is an immense research interest in molecular hybrid materials posing novel magnetic properties for usage in spintronic devices and quantum technological applications. Although grafting magnetic molecules onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is nontrivial, there is a need to explore their single molecule magnetic (SMM) properties post-grafting to a greater degree. Here, we report a one-step chemical approach for lanthanide-EDTA (Ln = GdIII, 1; TbIII, 2 and DyIII, 3) chelate synthesis and their effective grafting onto MWCNT surfaces with high magnetic bistability retention. The magnetic anisotropy of an Ln-CNT hybrid molecular system by replacing the central ions in the hybrid complex was studied and it was found that system 1 exhibited a magnetization reversal from positive to negative values at 70 K with quasi-anti-ferromagnetic ordering, 2 showed diamagnetism to quasi-ferromagnetism and 3 displayed anti-ferromagnetic ordering as the temperature was lowered at an applied field of 200 Oe. A further analysis of magnetization (M) vs. field (H) revealed 1 displaying superparamagnetic behavior, and 2 and 3 displaying smooth hysteresis loops with zero-field slow magnetic relaxation. The present work highlights the importance of the selection of lanthanide ions in designing SMM-CNT hybrid molecular systems with multi-functionalities for building spin valves, molecular transistors, switches, etc. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances of Carbon-Based Materials Compositions and Functionalizations)
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23 pages, 7815 KiB  
Article
Fighting Non-Small Lung Cancer Cells Using Optimal Functionalization of Targeted Carbon Quantum Dots Derived from Natural Sources Might Provide Potential Therapeutic and Cancer Bio Image Strategies
by Hanaa Mohammed Elsayed Mohammed El-brolsy, Nemany A. N. Hanafy and Maged A. El-Kemary
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 13283; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113283 (registering DOI) - 31 Oct 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2347
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an important sub-type of lung cancer associated with poor diagnosis and therapy. Innovative multi-functional systems are urgently needed to overcome the invasiveness of NSCLC. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) derived from natural sources have received interest for their [...] Read more.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an important sub-type of lung cancer associated with poor diagnosis and therapy. Innovative multi-functional systems are urgently needed to overcome the invasiveness of NSCLC. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) derived from natural sources have received interest for their potential in medical bio-imaging due to their unique properties, which are characterized by their water solubility, biocompatibility, simple synthesis, and low cytotoxicity. In the current study, ethylene-diamine doped CQDs enhanced their cytotoxicity (98 ± 0.4%, 97 ± 0.38%, 95.8 ± 0.15%, 86 ± 0.15%, 12.5 ± 0.14%) compared to CQDs alone (99 ± 0.2%, 98 ± 1.7%, 96 ± 0.8%, 93 ± 0.38%, 91 ± 1.3%) at serial concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000 μg/mL). In order to increase their location in a specific tumor site, folic acid was used to raise their functional folate recognition. The apoptotic feature of A549 lung cells exposed to N-CQDs and FA-NCQDs was characterized by a light orange-red color under fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, much nuclear fragmentation and condensation were seen. Flow cytometry results showed that the percentage of cells in late apoptosis and necrosis increased significantly in treated cells to (19.7 ± 0.03%), (27.6 ± 0.06%) compared to untreated cells (4.6 ± 0.02%), (3.5 ± 0.02%), respectively. Additionally, cell cycle arrest showed a strong reduction in cell numbers in the S phase (14 ± 0.9%) compared to untreated cells (29 ± 0.5%). Caspase-3 levels were increased significantly in A549 exposed to N-CQDs (2.67 ± 0.2 ng/mL) and FA-NCQDs (3.43 ± 0.05 ng/mL) compared to untreated cells (0.34 ± 0.04 ng/mL). The functionalization of CQDs derived from natural sources has proven their potential application to fight off non-small lung cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances of Carbon-Based Materials Compositions and Functionalizations)
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Graphical abstract

16 pages, 2691 KiB  
Article
Polyaniline-Derived Nitrogen-Containing Carbon Nanostructures with Different Morphologies as Anode Modifier in Microbial Fuel Cells
by Irina Lascu, Claudiu Locovei, Corina Bradu, Cristina Gheorghiu, Ana Maria Tanase and Anca Dumitru
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11230; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911230 - 23 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1941
Abstract
Anode modification with carbon nanomaterials is an important strategy for the improvement of microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance. The presence of nitrogen in the carbon network, introduced as active nitrogen functional groups, is considered beneficial for anode modification. In this aim, nitrogen-containing carbon [...] Read more.
Anode modification with carbon nanomaterials is an important strategy for the improvement of microbial fuel cell (MFC) performance. The presence of nitrogen in the carbon network, introduced as active nitrogen functional groups, is considered beneficial for anode modification. In this aim, nitrogen-containing carbon nanostructures (NCNs) with different morphologies were obtained via carbonization of polyaniline and were further investigated as anode modifiers in MFCs. The present study investigates the influence of NCN morphology on the changes in the anodic microbial community and MFC performance. Results show that the nanofibrillar morphology of NCNs is beneficial for the improvement of MFC performance, with a maximum power density of 40.4 mW/m2, 1.25 times higher than the anode modified with carbonized polyaniline with granular morphology and 2.15 times higher than MFC using the carbon cloth-anode. The nanofibrillar morphology, due to the well-defined individual nanofibers separated by microgaps and micropores and a better organization of the carbon network, leads to a larger specific surface area and higher conductivity, which can allow more efficient substrate transport and better bacterial colonization with greater relative abundances of Geobacter and Thermoanaerobacter, justifying the improvement of MFC performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances of Carbon-Based Materials Compositions and Functionalizations)
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13 pages, 3028 KiB  
Article
Functionalization of Graphite with Oxidative Plasma
by Paweł Stelmachowski, Dominik Maj, Gabriela Grzybek, Krzysztof Kruczała and Andrzej Kotarba
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(17), 9650; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179650 - 25 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2581
Abstract
Surface-modified graphite is studied as an electrode material, an adsorbent, and a membrane component, among other applications. Modifying the graphite with plasma can be used to create relevant surface functionalities, in particular, various oxygen groups. The application of surface-oxidized graphite often requires its [...] Read more.
Surface-modified graphite is studied as an electrode material, an adsorbent, and a membrane component, among other applications. Modifying the graphite with plasma can be used to create relevant surface functionalities, in particular, various oxygen groups. The application of surface-oxidized graphite often requires its use in an aqueous environment. The application in an aqueous environment is not an issue for acid-oxidized carbons, but a discrepancy in the structure–activity relationship may arise because plasma-oxidized carbons show a time-dependent decrease in the degree of functionalization and related properties. Moreover, plasma-oxidized materials are often characterized in terms of their chemical and physical properties, most notably their degree of functionalization after plasma treatment, without contact with water. In this study, we used low-temperature plasma oxidation with pure oxygen and carbon dioxide and sample-washing with concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. To evaluate the electronic properties of modified graphite, the work function changes and surface oxygen content were measured just after plasma modification and after water immersion. We show that water immersion drastically decreases the work function of plasma-treated samples, which is accompanied by a decrease in the number of radicals introduced by plasma. Our results demonstrate that the increase in stable work function as a result of plasma treatment, brought about by an increase in the surface oxygen species concentration, can be realized most effectively for the acid-washed graphite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances of Carbon-Based Materials Compositions and Functionalizations)
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