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Role and Dynamics of Extracellular Vesicles in Central Nervous System Diseases 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 2108

Special Issue Editor


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Neurophysiology and Plasticity Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
Interests: synaptic transmission; plasticity; electrophysiology; movement disorders
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This collection of manuscripts will encompass a range of topics with the common denominator of extracellular vesicles in the context of biomarkers, basic biology, and cell–cell communication, as well as therapeutics. EVs are found in a wide range of biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, serum, and urine. They reflect the cargo of the parental cells and can inform about the tumor status in a noninvasive, real-time fashion. The bioactive molecules carried within EVs have also been shown to modulate the behavior of recipient cells in many ways. Specifically, EVs can shuttle between neurons and glia cells, likely influencing synaptic activity, morphological plasticity, and neurovasculature. In the presence of injury, EVs have been suggested to play a role in neuroprotection, while in neurodegeneration, EVs have been implicated in the spread and clearance of toxic aggregates. Finally, several studies have proposed using EVs as a delivery tool for small molecule drugs, protein, and nucleic acid to the CNS. Characteristics of EVs such as biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and low toxicity profiles, make them highly valuable for therapeutic purposes.

Dr. Annalisa Tassone
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • extracellular vesicles 
  • exosomes 
  • microvesicles 
  • CNS 
  • synapsis 
  • neurons 
  • toxic aggregates 
  • biomarker 
  • liquid biopsy 
  • therapeutics 
  • synaptic transmission 
  • synaptic plasticity 
  • molecular pathway 
  • neuronal circuitry

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 2615 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Exosomes and the Vascular Landscape Regulate Exosome Sequestration by Peripheral Tissues and Brain
by William A. Banks, Priyanka Sharma, Kim M. Hansen, Nils Ludwig and Theresa L. Whiteside
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(20), 12513; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012513 - 19 Oct 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1796
Abstract
Exosomes mediate intercellular communication, shuttling messages between cells and tissues. We explored whether exosome tissue sequestration is determined by the exosomes or the tissues using ten radiolabeled exosomes from human or murine, cancerous or noncancerous cell lines. We measured sequestration of these exosomes [...] Read more.
Exosomes mediate intercellular communication, shuttling messages between cells and tissues. We explored whether exosome tissue sequestration is determined by the exosomes or the tissues using ten radiolabeled exosomes from human or murine, cancerous or noncancerous cell lines. We measured sequestration of these exosomes by the liver, kidney, spleen, and lung after intravenous injection into male CD-1 mice. Except for kidney sequestration of three exosomes, all exosomes were incorporated by all tissues, but sequestration levels varied greatly among exosomes and tissues. Species of origin (mouse vs. human) or source (cancerous vs. noncancerous cells) did not influence tissue sequestration. Sequestration of J774A.1 exosomes by liver involved the mannose-6 phosphate (M6P) receptor. Wheatgerm agglutinin (WGA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatments enhanced sequestration of exosomes by brain and lung but inhibited sequestration by liver and spleen. Response to LPS was not predictive of response to WGA. Path and heat map analyses included our published results for brain and found distinct clusters among the exosomes and the tissues. In conclusion, we found no evidence for a universal binding site controlling exosome-tissue interactions. Instead, sequestration of exosomes by tissues is differentially regulated by both exosomes and tissues and may be stimulated or inhibited by WGA and inflammation. Full article
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