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Hormone Receptors: A 2023 Update
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Hormone Receptors: A 2023 Update

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 8565

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nicolas C. Nicolaides

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
Interests: glucocorticoid receptor; glucocorticoids; molecular endocrinology; pediatric endocrinology; signal transduction.
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tremendous progress in the field of molecular, cellular and structural biology in association with the explosion of data from omics analyses have enabled deeper understanding of how a target cell responds to a hormonal signal. Hormones signal through binding onto their cognate membrane, cytoplasmic and/or nuclear receptors, thereby triggering a plethora of cellular responses that contribute substantially to our internal balance, or homeostasis. The molecular basis of an ever-increasing number of endocrine disorders has been attributed to defects in genes encoding hormone receptors. On the other hand, accumulating evidence suggests that genetic defects have been also identified in molecules participating in hormonal signal transduction pathways, indicating that many nosological entities might be considered as “signalopathies”. In this Special Issue, it is a great honor and pleasure to invite experts and interested scientists to contribute to an update on hormone receptor physiology and pathophysiology.

Dr. Nicolas C. Nicolaides
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • hormone receptors
  • endocrine signal transduction
  • hormone receptor mutations
  • receptor interactions
  • transcription factors

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

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37 pages, 2322 KiB  
Review
The Role of Endocrine Disruptors Bisphenols and Phthalates in Obesity: Current Evidence, Perspectives and Controversies
by Maria Dalamaga, Dimitrios Kounatidis, Dimitrios Tsilingiris, Natalia G. Vallianou, Irene Karampela, Sotiria Psallida and Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010675 - 4 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3854
Abstract
Excess body weight constitutes one of the major health challenges for societies and healthcare systems worldwide. Besides the type of diet, calorie intake and the lack of physical exercise, recent data have highlighted a possible association between endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol [...] Read more.
Excess body weight constitutes one of the major health challenges for societies and healthcare systems worldwide. Besides the type of diet, calorie intake and the lack of physical exercise, recent data have highlighted a possible association between endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol A, phthalates and their analogs, and obesity. EDCs represent a heterogeneous group of chemicals that may influence the hormonal regulation of body mass and adipose tissue morphology. Based on the available data from mechanistic, animal and epidemiological studies including meta-analyses, the weight of evidence points towards the contribution of EDCs to the development of obesity, associated disorders and obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction by (1) impacting adipogenesis; (2) modulating epigenetic pathways during development, enhancing susceptibility to obesity; (3) influencing neuroendocrine signals responsible for appetite and satiety; (4) promoting a proinflammatory milieu in adipose tissue and inducing a state of chronic subclinical inflammation; (5) dysregulating gut microbiome and immune homeostasis; and (6) inducing dysfunction in thermogenic adipose tissue. Critical periods of exposure to obesogenic EDCs are the prenatal, neonatal, pubertal and reproductive periods. Interestingly, EDCs even at low doses may promote epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult obesity in subsequent generations. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence on the role of obesogenic EDCs, specifically BPA and phthalate plasticizers, in the development of obesity, taking into account in vitro, animal and epidemiologic studies; discuss mechanisms linking EDCs to obesity; analyze the effects of EDCs on obesity in critical chronic periods of exposure; and present interesting perspectives, challenges and preventive measures in this research area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Receptors: A 2023 Update)
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23 pages, 2371 KiB  
Review
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor (GnRHR) and Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
by Pavlos Fanis, Vassos Neocleous, Irene Papapetrou, Leonidas A. Phylactou and Nicos Skordis
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(21), 15965; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115965 - 4 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2090
Abstract
Human sexual and reproductive development is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is primarily controlled by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) acting on its receptor (GnRHR). Dysregulation of the axis leads to conditions such as congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) and delayed puberty. The [...] Read more.
Human sexual and reproductive development is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is primarily controlled by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) acting on its receptor (GnRHR). Dysregulation of the axis leads to conditions such as congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) and delayed puberty. The pathophysiology of GnRHR makes it a potential target for treatments in several reproductive diseases and in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. GnRHR belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor family and its GnRH ligand, when bound, activates several complex and tissue-specific signaling pathways. In the pituitary gonadotrope cells, it triggers the G protein subunit dissociation and initiates a cascade of events that lead to the production and secretion of the luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) accompanied with the phospholipase C, inositol phosphate production, and protein kinase C activation. Pharmacologically, GnRHR can be modulated by synthetic analogues. Such analogues include the agonists, antagonists, and the pharmacoperones. The agonists stimulate the gonadotropin release and lead to receptor desensitization with prolonged use while the antagonists directly block the GnRHR and rapidly reduce the sex hormone production. Pharmacoperones include the most recent GnRHR therapeutic approaches that directly correct the misfolded GnRHRs, which are caused by genetic mutations and hold serious promise for CHH treatment. Understanding of the GnRHR’s genomic and protein structure is crucial for the most appropriate assessing of the mutation impact. Such mutations in the GNRHR are linked to normosmic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and lead to various clinical symptoms, including delayed puberty, infertility, and impaired sexual development. These mutations vary regarding their mode of inheritance and can be found in the homozygous, compound heterozygous, or in the digenic state. GnRHR expression extends beyond the pituitary gland, and is found in reproductive tissues such as ovaries, uterus, and prostate and non-reproductive tissues such as heart, muscles, liver and melanoma cells. This comprehensive review explores GnRHR’s multifaceted role in human reproduction and its clinical implications for reproductive disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Receptors: A 2023 Update)
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Other

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8 pages, 1169 KiB  
Case Report
McCune–Albright Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature
by Nicolas C. Nicolaides, Maria Kontou, Ioannis-Anargyros Vasilakis, Maria Binou, Evangelia Lykopoulou and Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(10), 8464; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108464 - 9 May 2023
Viewed by 2169
Abstract
McCune–Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare sporadic condition defined by the classic triad of fibrous dysplasia of bone, café au lait skin macules, and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies. The molecular basis of MAS has been ascribed to the post-zygotic somatic gain-of-function mutations in the GNAS [...] Read more.
McCune–Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare sporadic condition defined by the classic triad of fibrous dysplasia of bone, café au lait skin macules, and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies. The molecular basis of MAS has been ascribed to the post-zygotic somatic gain-of-function mutations in the GNAS gene, which encodes the alpha subunit of G proteins, leading to constitutive activation of several G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). The co-occurrence of two of the above-mentioned cardinal clinical manifestations sets the diagnosis at the clinical level. In this case report, we describe a 27-month-old girl who presented with gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty secondary to an estrogen-secreting ovarian cyst, a café au lait skin macule and growth hormone, and prolactin excess, and we provide an updated review of the scientific literature on the clinical features, diagnostic work-up, and therapeutic management of MAS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hormone Receptors: A 2023 Update)
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