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Innate and Innate-Like Lymphoid Cells: New Populations and Old Tricks

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 November 2023) | Viewed by 8947

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
2. Laboratory of Immunology and Oncology, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
3. Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
4. Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
5. Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
6. Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: immunology; oncology; immunogenetics; transplantation; human genetics; molecular diagnostics; molecular biology; gene expression; R&D

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lymphocytes are the most studied immune cells in both homeostatic and disease conditions. New populations of innate lymphocytes have been described recently: innate lymphoid cells, including natural killer cells, fetal lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, and innate intraepithelial lymphocytes expressing CD3 chains. Further, innate B cells, such as B-1 cells, marginal zone B (MZB) cells, and follicular B (FOB) cells MZ, have arisen as new key players in early immunity. Similarly, different conventional and unconventional T cells have been studied for their innate-like functions. Activation, differentiation, plasticity, maturation, and effector functions of all these cells depend on the molecular mechanisms responsible for recognition receptor repertoire, balance of signals, and effector functions.

We are accepting research and review articles on the molecular mechanisms of innate and innate-like lymphoid cells in physiology, infection, auto-immunity, transplantation, cancer, and on new therapeutic strategies.

We are preparing a Special Issue with diverse, comprehensive, and complementary views of the molecular mechanisms of innate lymphoid cells.

Dr. Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • innate lymphoid cells
  • innate-like
  • cytokines
  • pattern recognition receptors
  • danger-associated molecular patterns
  • pathogen-associated molecular patterns
  • toll-like receptors
  • killer immunoglobulin-like receptors
  • major histocompatibility complex

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 11633 KiB  
Article
Defective Induction of IL-27-Mediated Immunoregulation by Myeloid DCs in Multiple Sclerosis
by Felipe von Glehn, Nathalie Pochet, Bibek Thapa, Radhika Raheja, Maria A. Mazzola, Sushrut Jangi, Vanessa Beynon, Junning Huang, Alessandro S. Farias, Anu Paul, Leonilda M. B. Santos, Roopali Gandhi, Gopal Murugaiyan, Howard L. Weiner and Clare M. Baecher-Allan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(9), 8000; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098000 - 28 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1915
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls (HCs) become similarly tolerogenic when exposed to IL-27 as this may represent a potential mechanism of autoimmune dysregulation. Our study focused [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls (HCs) become similarly tolerogenic when exposed to IL-27 as this may represent a potential mechanism of autoimmune dysregulation. Our study focused on natural mDCs that were isolated from HCs and MS patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). After a 24-h treatment with IL-27 ± lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the mDCs were either harvested to identify IL-27-regulated gene expression or co-cultured with naive T-cells to measure how the treated DC affected T-cell proliferation and cytokine secretion. mDCs isolated from HCs but not untreated MS patients became functionally tolerogenic after IL-27 treatment. Although IL-27 induced both HC and untreated MS mDCs to produce similar amounts of IL-10, the tolerogenic HC mDCs expressed PD-L2, IDO1, and SOCS1, while the non-tolerogenic untreated MS mDCs expressed IDO1 and IL-6R. Cytokine and RNA analyses identified two signature blocks: the first identified genes associated with mDC tolerizing responses to IL-27, while the second was associated with the presence of MS. In contrast to mDCs from untreated MS patients, mDCs from HCs and IFNb-treated MS patients became tolerogenic in response to IL-27. The genes differentially expressed in the different donor IL-27-treated mDCs may contain targets that regulate mDC tolerogenic responses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innate and Innate-Like Lymphoid Cells: New Populations and Old Tricks)
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Review

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27 pages, 1626 KiB  
Review
Natural Killer T-like Cells: Immunobiology and Role in Disease
by Jani-Sofia Almeida, José Manuel Casanova, Manuel Santos-Rosa, Raquel Tarazona, Rafael Solana and Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(3), 2743; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032743 - 1 Feb 2023
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 6428
Abstract
CD56+ T cells are generally recognized as a distinct population of T cells and are categorized as NKT-like cells. Although our understanding of NKT-like cells is far from satisfactory, it has been shown that aging and a number of disease situations have impacted [...] Read more.
CD56+ T cells are generally recognized as a distinct population of T cells and are categorized as NKT-like cells. Although our understanding of NKT-like cells is far from satisfactory, it has been shown that aging and a number of disease situations have impacted these cells. To construct an overview of what is currently known, we reviewed the literature on human NKT-like cells. NKT-like cells are highly differentiated T cells with “CD1d-independent” antigen recognition and MHC-unrestricted cell killing. The genesis of NKT-like cells is unclear; however, it is proposed that the acquisition of innate characteristics by T cells could represent a remodeling process leading to successful aging. Additionally, it has been shown that NKT-like cells may play a significant role in several pathological conditions, making it necessary to comprehend whether these cells might function as prognostic markers. The quantification and characterization of these cells might serve as a cutting-edge indicator of individual immune health. Additionally, exploring the mechanisms that can control their killing activity in different contexts may therefore result in innovative therapeutic alternatives in a wide range of disease settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innate and Innate-Like Lymphoid Cells: New Populations and Old Tricks)
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