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Gaucher Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Treatments

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Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
Interests: Parkinson disease; GBA1; Gaucher disease; glucocerebrosidase; pharmacological chaperones; ambroxol; gene therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are excited to invite you to be part of our new special issue entitled: “Gaucher Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Treatments”. Gaucher disease is truly a remarkable model for rare diseases. It was among the first genetic disorders to demonstrate genotype–phenotype relationships using PCR-based methodology, and the first lysosomal storage disorder (LSD) to benefit from the orphan drug law three decades ago, and to have different therapeutic options. Although rare world-wide (1:50,000–100,000), it has a high prevenance among Ashkenazi Jews, and most of the patients with the so called “adult type” or type 1 live a normal lifespan, thereby allowing long term assessments as well as larger cohorts of patients compared to lethal disorders at a young age. There are also diverse animal models from different mice through drosophila fruit flies to zebra fish and human derived iPSCs, providing endless research opportunities. Gaucher disease was the very first lysosomal storage disease to have a safe and effective intravenous enzyme replacement therapy, to get market approval for oral substrate reduction therapy, and in addition, there are several additional treatment modalities such as pharmacological chaperones different gene therapy approaches. Still, there are many unmet needs and unresolved challenges, including the lack of treatment for the neuronopathic forms, the high cost of therapies leaving many untreated patients in poor countries, and the associations with common diseases such as various malignancies and neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Parkinson’s disease. With regard to the latter, we may be able in the near future to leverage the knowledge from Gaucher disease to the development of innovative therapies for these most common disorders, making the research of Gaucher disease all the more important. We are looking forward to receiving your contributions, and to what we believe might be an excellent up-to-date issue on all aspects of Gaucher disease, from basic science to clinical observations and therapies.

Prof. Dr. Ari Zimran
Prof. Dr. Shoshana Revel-Vilk
Prof. Dr. Jeff Szer
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Gaucher disease
  • lysosomal storage disorder (LSD)
  • genetic disorders
  • animal models
  • gene therapy approaches

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3540 KiB  
Article
Thyroid Function and Morphology in Gaucher Disease: Exploring the Endocrine Implications
by Małgorzata Kałużna, Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska, Jerzy Moczko, Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik, Katarzyna Katulska, Katarzyna Ziemnicka, Beata Kieć-Wilk and Marek Ruchała
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(24), 13636; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413636 - 20 Dec 2024
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD), the most common ultra-rare metabolic disorder, results from lipid accumulation. Systemic inflammation, cellular stress, and metabolic dysfunction may influence endocrine function, including the thyroid. This study evaluated thyroid function and morphology in 60 GD patients, alongside carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. [...] Read more.
Gaucher disease (GD), the most common ultra-rare metabolic disorder, results from lipid accumulation. Systemic inflammation, cellular stress, and metabolic dysfunction may influence endocrine function, including the thyroid. This study evaluated thyroid function and morphology in 60 GD patients, alongside carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Anthropometric, biochemical, and hormonal tests were conducted, including thyroid ultrasound and shear-wave elastography (SWE). Clinical data, bone mineral density (BMD), and body composition (BOD POD) analyses were correlated. Healthy controls, matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), were included. GD patients had higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels within normal limits. Hypothyroidism occurred in 7%, elevated anti-thyroid antibodies in 8%, and nodular goiter in 23%. Patients with nodular goiter showed lower platelet counts and higher chitotriosidase and glucosylsphingosine (lysoGb-1) levels. Patients with type 3 GD had larger thyroid volumes and greater stiffness on SWE than patients with type 1 GD. GD patients also exhibited increased metabolic risk, including central obesity and elevated glucose levels. GD patients, despite normal thyroid hormone levels, exhibit subtle alterations in thyroid function indicators. Their increased risk of central obesity and glucose metabolism disorders, alongside higher TSH and FT4 levels, underscores the need for closer monitoring and further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gaucher Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Treatments)
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9 pages, 1001 KiB  
Article
Effects of GBA1 Variants and Prenatal Exposition on the Glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb1) Levels in Gaucher Disease Carriers
by Paulina Szymańska-Rożek, Patryk Lipiński, Grazina Kleinotiene, Paweł Dubiela and Anna Tylki-Szymańska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 12021; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212021 - 8 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal lipid storage disorder caused by β-glucocerebrosidase (encoded by GBA1 gene) activity deficiency, resulting in the accumulation of glucosylceramide (Gb1) and its deacylated metabolite glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1). Lyso-Gb1 has been studied previously and proved to be a sensitive biomarker, [...] Read more.
Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal lipid storage disorder caused by β-glucocerebrosidase (encoded by GBA1 gene) activity deficiency, resulting in the accumulation of glucosylceramide (Gb1) and its deacylated metabolite glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1). Lyso-Gb1 has been studied previously and proved to be a sensitive biomarker, distinguishing patients with GD from carriers and healthy subjects. It was shown that its level corresponds with β-glucocerebrosidase activity, thus it remains unknown as to why carriers have slightly higher lyso-Gb1 level than healthy population. This is the first report on lyso-Gb1 levels describing representative cohort of GD carriers. Our data of 48 GD carriers, including three newborns, indicated that there are significant differences in lyso-Gb1 levels between carriers having a GD-affected mother and a healthy mother (11.53 and 8.45, respectively, p = 0.00077), and between carriers of the L483P GBA1 variant and carriers of other GBA1 pathogenic variants (9.85 and 7.03, respectively, p = 0.07). Through analysing our unique data of three newborns whose mothers are patients with GD, we also found that lyso-Gb1 is most probably transferred to the foetus via placenta. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gaucher Disease: From Molecular Mechanisms to Treatments)
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