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Frontiers in Molecular Biology of Brain Tumors
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Frontiers in Molecular Biology of Brain Tumors

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 13128

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Maurizio Salvati

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Guest Editor
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Interests: neuro-oncology; spine surgery; functional neurosurgery; vascular neurosurgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Antonio Santoro

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Guest Editor
Department of Neurosurgery, Neuromed, IRCCS, Sapienza University of Rome, Pozzilli, Italy
Interests: brain aneurysms; intrinsic brain tumors; spinal intramedullary tumors; eloquent area neurosurgery; skull base neurosurgery
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Dr. Alessandro Frati

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Neurosurgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00135 Roma, Italy
2. IRCCS “Neuromed”, Neurosurgeon Consultant, Via Atinense, 18, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
Interests: neurosurgery; neuro-oncology; spine; brain tumors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alessandro Pesce

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Neurosurgery Division, Systems Medicine Department, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
Interests: neuro-oncology; spine tumors; neuro-infections
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Dr. Daniele Armocida

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Guest Editor
Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Human Neuroscience, University Sapienza of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Interests: gliobastoma; brain metastsis; intrinsic brain tumors; spinal intramedullary tumors; eloquent area neurosurgery
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Dr. Placido Bruzzaniti

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Guest Editor
Neurosurgery Division of “Spaziani” Hospital, Frosinone, Italy
Interests: glioblastoma ultrastructural; morphological biomarkers; diffuse low-grade gliomas
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last decade, great improvements in the understanding of the molecular basis of both primary and metastatic brain tumors have brought critical improvement and a subsequent dramatic impact on their clinical management. Compelling evidence has demonstrated the critical role played by the molecular pattern of brain tumors on the final oncologic prognosis. With regard to intrinsic brain tumors (IBT), further developments have outlined the role of factors such as focal hypoxia, the VEGF signaling system, mitochondrial metabolism, and intracellular and transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors in the mitotic drive of neoplastic cells. Furthermore, the mechanism determining the migration along the fibers of the white matter tracts have provided in-depth explanations of the invasiveness of IBTs. With regard to brain metastases (BM), outstanding proof has shed a light over a potential role of adhesion molecules, reactive species of oxygen, and even lymphatic extracranial cells over the intracranial diffusion of the disease.

Therefore, it is our pleasure to invite investigators to contribute to this Special Issue with original research articles as well as review and meta-analysis articles aimed at promoting the diffusion of the current knowledge of the molecular basis of neuro-oncological practice. We are particularly interested in articles describing new insights into pathophysiological mechanisms, conveying potentially useful insights to achieve original diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • Molecular insights of glioblastoma and intrinsic brain tumor pathogenesis;
  • Molecular insights concerning brain metastases pathogenesis and their diffusion inside the intracranial compartment;
  • Clinical and surgical translations of the latest pathophysiological findings;
  • Molecular prognostic factors in glioblastoma and intrinsic brain tumors;
  • Molecular prognostic factors in brain metastases;
  • Novel research approaches in primary or metastatic brain tumor investigations;
  • Nutraceuticals and brain tumors;
  • Autophagy related to the biology of gliomas.

Prof. Dr. Maurizio Salvati
Prof. Dr. Antonio Santoro
Dr. Alessandro Frati
Dr. Alessandro Pesce
Dr. Daniele Armocida
Dr. Placido Bruzzaniti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

 

Keywords

  • Glioblastoma
  • Intrinsic brain tumor pathogenesis
  • Low-grade gliomas
  • Spinal intramedullary tumors
  • Brain metastases
  • Molecular pathogenesis of primary brain tumors
  • Molecular pathogenesis of brain metastases

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4415 KiB  
Article
Enrichment of Tumor-Infiltrating B Cells in Group 4 Medulloblastoma in Children
by Kuo-Sheng Wu, Ting-Yan Jian, Shian-Ying Sung, Chia-Ling Hsieh, Man-Hsu Huang, Chia-Lang Fang, Tai-Tong Wong and Yu-Ling Lin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 5287; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095287 - 9 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2699
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. It is classified into core molecular subgroups (wingless activated (WNT), sonic hedgehog activated (SHH), Group 3 (G3), and Group 4 (G4)). In this study, we analyzed the tumor-infiltrating immune cells and cytokine [...] Read more.
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. It is classified into core molecular subgroups (wingless activated (WNT), sonic hedgehog activated (SHH), Group 3 (G3), and Group 4 (G4)). In this study, we analyzed the tumor-infiltrating immune cells and cytokine profiles of 70 MB patients in Taiwan using transcriptome data. In parallel, immune cell composition in tumors from the SickKids cohort dataset was also analyzed to confirm the findings. The clinical cohort data showed the WNT and G4 MB patients had lower recurrence rates and better 5-year relapse-free survival (RFP) compared with the SHH and G3 MB patients, among the four subgroups of MB. We found tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIL-Bs) enriched in the G4 subgroups in the Taiwanese MB patients and the SickKids cohort dataset. In the G4 subgroups, the patients with a high level of TIL-Bs had better 5-year overall survival. Mast cells presented in G4 MB tumors were positively correlated with TIL-Bs. Higher levels of CXCL13, IL-36γ, and CCL27 were found compared to other subgroups or normal brains. These three cytokines, B cells and mast cells contributed to the unique immune microenvironment in G4 MB tumors. Therefore, B-cell enrichment is a G4-subgroup-specific immune signature and the presence of B cells may be an indicator of a better prognosis in G4 MB patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Molecular Biology of Brain Tumors)
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15 pages, 2819 KiB  
Article
Analysis of microRNAs in Exosomes of Breast Cancer Patients in Search of Molecular Prognostic Factors in Brain Metastases
by Carolin J. Curtaz, Leonie Reifschläger, Linus Strähle, Jonas Feldheim, Julia J. Feldheim, Constanze Schmitt, Matthias Kiesel, Saskia-Laureen Herbert, Achim Wöckel, Patrick Meybohm and Malgorzata Burek
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(7), 3683; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073683 - 27 Mar 2022
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 3735
Abstract
Brain metastases are the most severe tumorous spread during breast cancer disease. They are associated with a limited quality of life and a very poor overall survival. A subtype of extracellular vesicles, exosomes, are sequestered by all kinds of cells, including tumor cells, [...] Read more.
Brain metastases are the most severe tumorous spread during breast cancer disease. They are associated with a limited quality of life and a very poor overall survival. A subtype of extracellular vesicles, exosomes, are sequestered by all kinds of cells, including tumor cells, and play a role in cell-cell communication. Exosomes contain, among others, microRNAs (miRs). Exosomes can be taken up by other cells in the body, and their active molecules can affect the cellular process in target cells. Tumor-secreted exosomes can affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and have an impact on brain metastases forming. Serum samples from healthy donors, breast cancer patients with primary tumors, or with brain, bone, or visceral metastases were used to isolate exosomes and exosomal miRs. Exosomes expressed exosomal markers CD63 and CD9, and their amount did not vary significantly between groups, as shown by Western blot and ELISA. The selected 48 miRs were detected using real-time PCR. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. We identified two miRs with the potential to serve as prognostic markers for brain metastases. Hsa-miR-576-3p was significantly upregulated, and hsa-miR-130a-3p was significantly downregulated in exosomes from breast cancer patients with cerebral metastases with AUC: 0.705 and 0.699, respectively. Furthermore, correlation of miR levels with tumor markers revealed that hsa-miR-340-5p levels were significantly correlated with the percentage of Ki67-positive tumor cells, while hsa-miR-342-3p levels were inversely correlated with tumor staging. Analysis of the expression levels of miRs in serum exosomes from breast cancer patients has the potential to identify new, non-invasive, blood-borne prognostic molecular markers to predict the potential for brain metastasis in breast cancer. Additional functional analyzes and careful validation of the identified markers are required before their potential future diagnostic use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Molecular Biology of Brain Tumors)
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Review

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20 pages, 14077 KiB  
Review
Molecular Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma in Adults and Future Perspectives: A Systematic Review
by Yagmur Esemen, Mariam Awan, Rabeeia Parwez, Arsalan Baig, Shahinur Rahman, Ilaria Masala, Sonia Franchini and Dimitrios Giakoumettis
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(5), 2607; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052607 - 26 Feb 2022
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5503
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant tumour of the central nervous system. Recent appreciation of the heterogeneity amongst these tumours not only changed the WHO classification approach, but also created the need for developing novel and personalised therapies. This systematic review [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant tumour of the central nervous system. Recent appreciation of the heterogeneity amongst these tumours not only changed the WHO classification approach, but also created the need for developing novel and personalised therapies. This systematic review aims to highlight recent advancements in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of the GBM and discuss related novel treatment targets. A systematic search of the literature in the PubMed library was performed following the PRISMA guidelines for molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic advances. Original and meta-analyses studies from the last ten years were reviewed using pre-determined search terms. The results included articles relevant to GBM development focusing on the aberrancy in cell signaling pathways and intracellular events. Theragnostic targets and vaccination to treat GBM were also explored. The molecular pathophysiology of GBM is complex. Our systematic review suggests targeting therapy at the stemness, p53 mediated pathways and immune modulation. Exciting novel immune therapy involving dendritic cell vaccines, B-cell vaccines and viral vectors may be the future of treating GBM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Molecular Biology of Brain Tumors)
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