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Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Chronic Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 8170

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Novara, Novara, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress; cardiac function; mitochondrial function; aging; nitric oxide; physiology; NAFLD; microvesicles

Special Issue Information

Chronic diseases (CDs) have shown an increased prevalence over the last few decades and represent nowadays one of the main causes of death due to several comorbidities that may be ascribed to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state or peroxidation able to interfere with physiological functions. Hence, in chronic diseases affecting the cardio-pulmonary system, kidneys, liver, or central nervous system, an altered redox state would turn the physiological state into a pathologic condition through the alteration of lipids, proteins, or DNA. In the liver, the increased peroxidation could reduce insulin sensitivity and change the expression/activity of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. In the central nervous system, the neurovascular unit would be the target of the altered redox state. As regards the kidneys, oxidative stress could also be involved in the onset of comorbidities arising during haemodialysis and transplantation. In any case, the interaction between the redox system and innate immune signaling could constitute a complex network of regulation of the inflammatory response. Note that, in all of the abovementioned conditions, “mitochondrial dysfunction” would act as triggering factor. For the above reasons, the use of novel noninvasive markers aimed at evaluating oxidative stress and inflammation could represent powerful tools for the management of patients.

Prof. Dr. Elena Grossini
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Biomarkers
  • Chronic disease
  • Inflammation
  • Mitochondrial function
  • Nitric oxide
  • Reactive oxygen species

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

16 pages, 1694 KiB  
Review
The Association between Hepatic Encephalopathy and Diabetic Encephalopathy: The Brain-Liver Axis
by So Yeong Cheon and Juhyun Song
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(1), 463; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010463 - 5 Jan 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 7721
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the main consequences of liver disease and is observed in severe liver failure and cirrhosis. Recent studies have provided significant evidence that HE shows several neurological symptoms including depressive mood, cognitive dysfunction, impaired circadian rhythm, and attention [...] Read more.
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the main consequences of liver disease and is observed in severe liver failure and cirrhosis. Recent studies have provided significant evidence that HE shows several neurological symptoms including depressive mood, cognitive dysfunction, impaired circadian rhythm, and attention deficits as well as motor disturbance. Liver disease is also a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus. Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is characterized by cognitive dysfunction and motor impairment. Recent research investigated the relationship between metabolic changes and the pathogenesis of neurological disease, indicating the importance between metabolic organs and the brain. Given that a diverse number of metabolites and changes in the brain contribute to neurologic dysfunction, HE and DE are emerging types of neurologic disease. Here, we review significant evidence of the association between HE and DE, and summarise the common risk factors. This review may provide promising therapeutic information and help to design a future metabolic organ-related study in relation to HE and DE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Chronic Diseases)
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