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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 11860

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tomoyuki Kawase

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Guest Editor

Division of Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Medicine and Dentistry, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
Interests: platelet concentrates; regenerative dentistry; tissue engineering; quality control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Yoshinori Shirakata

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Guest Editor

Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
Interests: periodontal disease, periodontal regenerative therapy; tissue engineering; bone substitutes; cytokines; histological evaluation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The GTR technique introduced a new era of periodontal regenerative therapy. To date, in addition to this “barrier membrane” technique, various treatment approaches, including bone grafts, the application of biomedicines (bioactive agents), and more recently, stem cells, have been developed and added to the list of therapeutic modalities.

Some are widely accepted and are promising periodontal regenerative therapies. However, the outcomes of these therapies are not always consistent and predictable without sound scientific evidence based on molecular biology.

Based on the background, this Special Issue focuses on the current and next-generation therapeutic modalities and aims to provide basic evidence to support their clinical application. At the same time, this Special Issue provides a platform to share data obtained from basic and preclinical studies to further discuss what periodontal regenerative approaches should be considered for developing more predictable treatment techniques.

Dr. Tomoyuki Kawase
Prof. Dr. Yoshinori Shirakata
Guest Editors

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Keywords

periodontal regeneration
alveolar bone regeneration
periodontal ligament
cementum
growth factors
signaling molecules
scaffolds
carriers
stem cells
inflammation
tissue engineering

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4605 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pharmacological Activation of YAP/TAZ by Targeting LATS1/2 Enhances Periodontal Tissue Regeneration in a Murine Model

by Akiko Sato, Shigeki Suzuki, Hang Yuan, Rahmad Rifqi Fahreza, Xiuting Wang, Eiji Nemoto, Masahiro Saito and Satoru Yamada

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 970; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24020970 - 4 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1830

Abstract

Due to their multi-differentiation potential, periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) play pivotal roles in periodontal tissue regeneration in vivo. Several in vitro studies have suggested that PDLFs can transmit mechanical stress into favorable basic cellular functions. However, the application of mechanical force for periodontal regeneration therapy is not expected to exhibit an effective prognosis since mechanical forces, such as traumatic occlusion, also exacerbate periodontal tissue degeneration and loss. Herein, we established a standardized murine periodontal regeneration model and evaluated the regeneration process associated with cementum remodeling. By administering a kinase inhibitor of YAP/TAZ suppressor molecules, such as large tumor suppressor homolog 1/2 (LATS1/2), we found that the activation of YAP/TAZ, a key downstream effector of mechanical signals, accelerated periodontal tissue regeneration due to the activation of PDLF cell proliferation. Mechanistically, among six kinds of MAP4Ks previously reported as upstream kinases that suppressed YAP/TAZ transcriptional activity through LATS1/2 in various types of cells, MAP4K4 was identified as the predominant MAP4K in PDLF and contributed to cell proliferation and differentiation depending on its kinase activity. Ultimately, pharmacological activation of YAP/TAZ by inhibiting upstream inhibitory kinase in PDLFs is a valuable strategy for improving the clinical outcomes of periodontal regeneration therapies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Tissue Regeneration)

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18 pages, 11431 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancement of Bone-Forming Ability on Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate by Modulating Cellular Senescence Mechanisms Using Senolytics

by Xinchen Wang, Yoshitomo Honda, Jianxin Zhao, Hidetoshi Morikuni, Aki Nishiura, Yoshiya Hashimoto and Naoyuki Matsumoto

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(22), 12415; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212415 - 17 Nov 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2521

Abstract

Various stresses latently induce cellular senescence that occasionally deteriorates the functioning of surrounding tissues. Nevertheless, little is known about the appearance and function of senescent cells, caused by the implantation of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)—used widely in dentistry and orthopedics for treating bone diseases. In this study, two varying sizes of β-TCP granules (<300 μm and 300–500 μm) were implanted, and using histological and immunofluorescent staining, appearances of senescent-like cells in critical-sized bone defects in the calvaria of Sprague Dawley rats were evaluated. Parallelly, bone formation in defects was investigated with or without the oral administration of senolytics (a cocktail of dasatinib and quercetin). A week after the implantation, the number of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase, p21-, p19-, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells increased and then decreased upon administrating senolytics. This administration of senolytics also attenuated 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal staining, representing reactive oxygen species. Combining senolytic administration with β-TCP implantation significantly enhanced the bone formation in defects as revealed by micro-computed tomography analysis and hematoxylin-eosin staining. This study demonstrates that β-TCP granules latently induce senescent-like cells, and senolytic administration may improve the bone-forming ability of β-TCP by inhibiting senescence-associated mechanisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Tissue Regeneration)

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12 pages, 5124 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Bone Regeneration in Variable-Type Biphasic Ceramic Phosphate Scaffolds Using rhBMP-2

by Ho-Kyung Lim, Ik-Jae Kwon, Sung-Woon On, Seok-Jin Hong, Byoung-Eun Yang, Soung-Min Kim, Jong-Ho Lee and Soo-Hwan Byun

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(21), 11485; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111485 - 25 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1698

Abstract

Our aim was to investigate the bone regeneration capacity of powder-type biphasic ceramic scaffold (BCP powder), block-type BCP (BCP block), and collagen-added block-type BCP (BCP collagen) with different concentrations of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) in an animal model. Four rabbits were assigned to each of the following groups: no graft + rhBMP-2 (0.1/0.2 mg/mL), BCP powder + rhBMP-2 (0.1/0.2 mg/mL), BCP block + rhBMP-2 (0.1/0.2 mg/mL), and BCP collagen + rhBMP-2 (0.1/0.2 mg/mL), i.e., a total of 32 rabbits. Polycarbonate tubes (Φ 7 mm × 5 mm) for supporting scaffolds were fixed into a 7 mm round border. Subsequently, 0.1 mL of rhBMP-2 solutions with different concentrations was injected into the tubes. Both radiological and histomorphometric analyses showed that osteogenesis was not enhanced by increasing the concentration of rhBMP-2 in all groups at both 3 and 6 weeks. Radiological analysis showed that bone formation was higher in the BCP collagen group than in the BCP powder and BCP block groups at both rhBMP-2 concentrations at 3 weeks. rhBMP-2 enhanced bone formation; however, as the concentration increased, bone formation could not be enhanced infinitely. Collagen-added alloplastic graft material may be useful for mediating rapid bone formation in initial stages. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Tissue Regeneration)

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Review

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22 pages, 1729 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Structure and Function of Next-Generation Gingival Graft Substitutes—A Perspective on Multilayer Electrospun Constructs with Consideration of Vascularization

by Brian C. W. Webb, Michael Glogauer and J. Paul Santerre

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 5256; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095256 - 9 May 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4580

Abstract

There is a shortage of suitable tissue-engineered solutions for gingival recession, a soft tissue defect of the oral cavity. Autologous tissue grafts lead to an increase in morbidity due to complications at the donor site. Although material substitutes are available on the market, their development is early, and work to produce more functional material substitutes is underway. The latter materials along with newly conceived tissue-engineered substitutes must maintain volumetric form over time and have advantageous mechanical and biological characteristics facilitating the regeneration of functional gingival tissue. This review conveys a comprehensive and timely perspective to provide insight towards future work in the field, by linking the structure (specifically multilayered systems) and function of electrospun material-based approaches for gingival tissue engineering and regeneration. Electrospun material composites are reviewed alongside existing commercial material substitutes’, looking at current advantages and disadvantages. The importance of implementing physiologically relevant degradation profiles and mechanical properties into the design of material substitutes is presented and discussed. Further, given that the broader tissue engineering field has moved towards the use of pre-seeded scaffolds, a review of promising cell options, for generating tissue-engineered autologous gingival grafts from electrospun scaffolds is presented and their potential utility and limitations are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Tissue Regeneration)

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