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Advances in Biological Functions of STAT3 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 11929

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
Interests: targeting STAT3 in cancer; STAT3 GOF mutations; STAT1/3 and chemoradioresistance; role of viruses e.g. HPV and HCV in cancer; IFN/STAT1 and viral immune-evasion; targeting HPV-mediated cancers; CMV and STAT1/3, STAT3/1 in immune modulation in cancers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since its discovery in the 1990s, acute-phase response factor (APRF), or signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, has been shown to perform vital functions at cellular and organellar levels, both under normal as well as stressed conditions. A large amount of information on the regulation of STAT3 function, e.g., its various post-transitional modifications, including its phosphorylation at Tyr705 (pY) and Serine727 (pS) as well as acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, ISGylation, and SUMOylation, is available now. Apart from its classic canonical phosphorylation-dependent signal transduction and activation pathways, STAT3 is now known to function as a transcription factor even without phosphorylation. Also, in addition to the nucleus, it is now known to reside in the mitochondria as well as in the endoplasmic reticulum.

The generation of cell-specific STAT3 knockout mice has indicated STAT3 contributions to cell- and organ-specific development, e.g., the development of innate immunity, the commitment of common lymphoid (CLP) and myeloid (CMP) progenitors to the dendritic cell (DC) lineage during haematopoiesis, the development of neuronal cells, musculoskeletal system, liver, reproductive tissue, mammary glands, etc. Its largely homeostatic role in various cellular stress conditions, e.g., radiation, oxidative stress, genotoxic stress, cellular senescence, autophagy, ischemia and reperfusion, and hyperosmotic stress, has now been well studied. Apart from its transcriptional functions, various non-transcriptional structural roles of STAT3, e.g., its scaffold function in platelets and its role in cytoskeletal organization, are now also known.

Many of these functions are adaptive, when dysregulated, causes chronic inflammation leading to pathologies, such as cachexia, fibrosis, organ dysfunction, and cancer. The facts that STAT3 is aberrantly activated in 50–100% cases of more than 25 different tumor types, that gain-of-function mutations of STAT3 in leukemia, lymphoma, and adenoma are now reported, and that this overactivated STAT3 plays a role in almost all hallmark functions of cancer cells make it an ideal candidate for drug targeting.

This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences entitled “Advances in Biological Functions of STAT3 2.0” will focus on recent advances in any of the above aspects of STAT3 functions and signal transduction research, e.g., STAT3 deletants and mutants, various organ-specific functions of STAT3, such as STAT3 role in hematopoietic cells, neuronal, or cardiovascular cells, STAT3 functions under normal conditions, STAT3 functions under stress, and regulation of STAT3 function, stressing not only p705- but also pS727-mediated functions, non-canonical functions of STAT3, unphosphorylated STAT3, STAT3 role in immune dysregulation in cancer, and its role in non-cancer diseases, e.g., asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, fibrosis, and metabolic disorders. Contributions on these and any other related topic are welcome.

Dr. Uddalak Bharadwaj
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • STAT3 signaling and its regulation
  • STAT3 and development
  • STAT3 and fibrosis/cachexia/IBD/cachexia
  • STAT3 and metabolism
  • STAT3 functions under stress
  • Non-canonical functions of STAT3
  • STAT3 GOF and LOF mutants

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3145 KiB  
Article
STAT3 Mediated miR-30a-5p Inhibition Enhances Proliferation and Inhibits Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells
by Chun-Chia Cheng, Bi-Ling Yang, Wen-Chao Chen, Ai-Sheng Ho, Zong-Lin Sie, Hsin-Chi Lin and Chun-Chao Chang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(19), 7315; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197315 - 3 Oct 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3227
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a transcriptional factor involved in tumorigenesis and cancer stemness formation, contributes to drug resistance in cancer therapies. STAT3 not only mediates gene transcription but also participates in microRNA suppression. This study identified a STAT3-downstream micro [...] Read more.
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a transcriptional factor involved in tumorigenesis and cancer stemness formation, contributes to drug resistance in cancer therapies. STAT3 not only mediates gene transcription but also participates in microRNA suppression. This study identified a STAT3-downstream micro RNA (miRNA) involved in drug resistance against regorafenib in colorectal cancer stem-like tumorspheres. Small RNAseq was used to investigate differential microRNAs in colorectal cancer cell-derived tumorspheres and in a STAT3-knockdown strain. The miRNA-mediated genes were identified by comparing RNAseq data with gene targets predicted using TargetScan. Assays for detecting cell viability and apoptosis were used to validate findings. The formation of colorectal cancer stem-like tumorspheres was inhibited by BBI608, a STAT3 inhibitor, but not by regorafenib. Additional investigations for microRNA expression demonstrated an increase in 10 miRNAs and a decrease in 13 miRNAs in HT29-derived tumorspheres. A comparison of small RNAseq results between tumorspheres and HT29shSTAT3 cells revealed the presence of four STAT3-mediated miRNAs in HT29-derived tumorspheres: hsa-miR-215-5p, hsa-miR-4521, and hsa-miR-215-3p were upregulated, whereas miR-30a-5p was downregulated. Furthermore, hsa-miR-4521 was associated with poor overall survival probability, and miR-30a-5p was associated with better overall survival probability in patients with rectum cancer. Comparisons of RNAseq findings between HCT116- and HT29-derived tumorspheres revealed that HSPA5 were mediated by the STAT3-miR-30a-5p axis, which is overexpressed in colorectal tumorspheres associating to anti-apoptosis. In addition, the transfection of miR-30a-5p and inhibition of HSPA5 by HA15 significantly reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis in HT29 cells. In conclusion, a STAT3-miR-30a-5p-HSPA5 axis was observed against regorafenib-mediated apoptosis in colorectal cancer tumorspheres. The expression of miR-30a-5p was repressed by STAT3; in addition, HSPA5 was identified as the target gene of miR-30a-5p and contributed to both tumorsphere formation and anti-apoptosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biological Functions of STAT3 2.0)
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15 pages, 7382 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Changes in pStat3 Are Involved in Meiotic Spindle Assembly in Mouse Oocytes
by Seiki Haraguchi, Mitsumi Ikeda, Satoshi Akagi and Yuji Hirao
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(4), 1220; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041220 - 12 Feb 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3494
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is activated upon phosphorylation at Y705 (pStat3) and serves the dual function of signal transduction and transcription activation. Our previous study suggested that pStat3 is functional during oocyte maturation when transcription is silenced. Therefore, [...] Read more.
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is activated upon phosphorylation at Y705 (pStat3) and serves the dual function of signal transduction and transcription activation. Our previous study suggested that pStat3 is functional during oocyte maturation when transcription is silenced. Therefore, we speculated that pStat3 serves other functions. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that pStat3 emerges at microtubule asters and spindle and is subsequently localized at the spindle poles along with pericentrin during mouse oocyte maturation. Both Stat3 and pStat3 proteins were detected in conditionally knocked out Stat3−/− mouse oocytes. pStat3 localization was the same in Stat3+/+ and Stat3−/− oocytes, and oocyte maturation proceeded normally, suggesting that pStat3 was still functional. Furthermore, the treatment of oocytes with the Stat3-specific inhibitors stattic and BP-1-102 or anti-pStat3 antibody led to significantly abnormal spindle assembly and chromosome mislocation in a dose-dependent manner, and pStat3 was either absent or improperly localized in these oocytes. Moreover, the development of pre-implantation stage embryos derived from inhibitor-treated oocytes was significantly hampered following in vitro fertilization. These findings indicate a novel function of pStat3 in spindle assembly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biological Functions of STAT3 2.0)
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Review

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21 pages, 1151 KiB  
Review
STAT3 for Cardiac Regenerative Medicine: Involvement in Stem Cell Biology, Pathophysiology, and Bioengineering
by Shu Nakao, Tasuku Tsukamoto, Tomoe Ueyama and Teruhisa Kawamura
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(6), 1937; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21061937 - 12 Mar 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4863
Abstract
Heart disease is the most common cause of death in developed countries, but the medical treatments for heart failure remain limited. In this context, the development of cardiac regeneration therapy for severe heart failure is important. Owing to their unique characteristics, including multiple [...] Read more.
Heart disease is the most common cause of death in developed countries, but the medical treatments for heart failure remain limited. In this context, the development of cardiac regeneration therapy for severe heart failure is important. Owing to their unique characteristics, including multiple differentiation and infinitive self-renewal, pluripotent stem cells can be considered as a novel source for regenerative medicine. Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) signaling plays critical roles in the induction, maintenance, and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. In the heart, JAK/STAT3 signaling has diverse cellular functions, including myocardial differentiation, cell cycle re-entry of matured myocyte after injury, and anti-apoptosis in pathological conditions. Therefore, regulating STAT3 activity has great potential as a strategy of cardiac regeneration therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of STAT3, focusing on stem cell biology and pathophysiology, as they contribute to cardiac regeneration therapy. We also introduce a recently reported therapeutic strategy for myocardial regeneration that uses engineered artificial receptors that trigger endogenous STAT3 signal activation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biological Functions of STAT3 2.0)
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