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Mechanism Research on Signal Transduction in Plant Immunity
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Mechanism Research on Signal Transduction in Plant Immunity

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 10224

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hideo Nakashita

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1195, Japan
Interests: plant immunity; phytohormones; pesticides
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Takumi Nishiuchi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Integrated Omics research, Bioscience Core Facility, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Ishikawa, Japan
Interests: plant immunity; phytohormone; pesticide; resistance gene; receptor
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants have various types of relationships with microbes—that is, pathogenic, nonpathogenic, and symbiotic—in most parts of the plant body. Protection from the invasion of pathogens is important to survival, so plants have developed unique self-defense systems, which act at both the infection site and at other parts to defend from further pathogen attacks. These self-defense systems are regulated by signal transduction, which is mainly initiated by the recognition of pathogenic infection and operates many types of defense mechanisms against pathogens. These signaling mechanisms are comprised of various intra- and intercellular events, such as the synthesis and perception of signaling molecules, gene expression, protein modification, protein–protein interaction, the synthesis and accumulation of bioactive molecules, and more. Understanding these mechanisms of plant self-defense against pathogens is very important not only for the basic knowledge of plant physiology but also for the control of diseases in agriculture.

This Special Issue focuses on recent advances in mechanistic research on signal transduction in plant defense systems. In addition to basic research at the molecular level, research for future applied research and technology will also be considered.

Dr. Hideo Nakashita
Prof. Dr. Takumi Nishiuchi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant disease resistance
  • biotic stress
  • pathogen
  • plant–microbe interaction
  • priming
  • signal transduction
  • phytohormone
  • proteomics

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 3341 KiB  
Article
RING-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligases AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 Positively Regulate the Expression of PR1 Gene and Pattern-Triggered Immunity
by So Young Yi, Myungjin Lee, Suk-Yoon Kwon, Woo Taek Kim, Yong Pyo Lim and Si-Yong Kang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 14525; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314525 - 22 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1929
Abstract
The importance of E3 ubiquitin ligases from different families for plant immune signaling has been confirmed. Plant RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are members of the E3 ligase superfamily and have been shown to play positive or negative roles during the regulation of various [...] Read more.
The importance of E3 ubiquitin ligases from different families for plant immune signaling has been confirmed. Plant RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are members of the E3 ligase superfamily and have been shown to play positive or negative roles during the regulation of various steps of plant immunity. Here, we present Arabidopsis RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 which act as positive regulators of flg22- and SA-mediated defense signaling. Expression of AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 is induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pathogens. The atrduf1 and atrduf2 mutants displayed weakened responses when triggered by PAMPs. Immune responses, including oxidative burst, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, and transcriptional activation of marker genes, were attenuated in the atrduf1 and atrduf2 mutants. The suppressed activation of PTI responses also resulted in enhanced susceptibility to bacterial pathogens. Interestingly, atrduf1 and atrduf2 mutants showed defects in SA-mediated or pathogen-mediated PR1 expression; however, avirulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000-induced cell death was unaffected. Our findings suggest that AtRDUF1 and AtRDUF2 are not just PTI-positive regulators but are also involved in SA-mediated PR1 gene expression, which is important for resistance to P. syringae. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism Research on Signal Transduction in Plant Immunity)
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23 pages, 6556 KiB  
Article
Aphelenchoides besseyi Ab-FAR-1 Interacts with Arabidopsis thaliana AtADF3 to Interfere with Actin Cytoskeleton, and Promotes Nematode Parasitism and Pathogenicity
by Shanwen Ding, Xi Cheng, Dongwei Wang, Chun Chen, Sihua Yang, Jiafeng Wang, Chunling Xu and Hui Xie
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(20), 12280; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012280 - 14 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1808
Abstract
Fatty acid and retinol binding proteins (FAR) are unique proteins found in nematodes and are considered potential targets for controlling these parasites. However, their functions in nematode parasitism and pathogenicity and interaction with hosts are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the [...] Read more.
Fatty acid and retinol binding proteins (FAR) are unique proteins found in nematodes and are considered potential targets for controlling these parasites. However, their functions in nematode parasitism and pathogenicity and interaction with hosts are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the specific roles of rice white tip nematodes (RWTNs), Aphelenchoides besseyi, and a protein, Ab-FAR-1, to elucidate the parasitic and pathogenic processes of nematodes. The results showed that the expression level of Ab-far-1 was significantly up-regulated after A. besseyi infection of the plant. The immunofluorescence and subcellular localisation showed that Ab-FAR-1 was secreted into plant tissues mainly through the body wall of nematodes and might act in the nucleus and cytoplasm of plant cells. The pathogenicity of RWTNs was enhanced in Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing Ab-FAR-1 and inhibited in Ab-far-1 RNAi A. thaliana. Yeast two-hybrid, Co-IP, BiFC, and nematode inoculation experiments showed that Ab-FAR-1 could interact with the A. thaliana actin-depolymerizing factor protein AtADF3, and the A. thaliana adf3 mutant was more susceptible to nematodes. An in vitro actin filament depolymerisation assay demonstrated that Ab-FAR-1 could inhibit AtADF3-mediated depolymerisation of actin filaments, and the turnover process of cellular actin filaments was also affected in A. thaliana overexpressing Ab-FAR-1. In addition, flg22-mediated host defence responses were suppressed in A. thaliana overexpressing Ab-FAR-1 and adf3 mutants. Therefore, this study confirmed that RWTNs can affect the turnover of actin filament remodelling mediated by AtADF3 through Ab-FAR-1 secretion and thus inhibit plant PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI), promoting the parasitism and pathogenicity of nematodes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism Research on Signal Transduction in Plant Immunity)
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14 pages, 1879 KiB  
Article
Strigolactones Modulate Salicylic Acid-Mediated Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana
by Miyuki Kusajima, Moeka Fujita, Khamsalath Soudthedlath, Hidemitsu Nakamura, Koichi Yoneyama, Takahito Nomura, Kohki Akiyama, Akiko Maruyama-Nakashita, Tadao Asami and Hideo Nakashita
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 5246; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095246 - 8 May 2022
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3129
Abstract
Strigolactones are low-molecular-weight phytohormones that play several roles in plants, such as regulation of shoot branching and interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic weeds. Recently, strigolactones have been shown to be involved in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Herein, [...] Read more.
Strigolactones are low-molecular-weight phytohormones that play several roles in plants, such as regulation of shoot branching and interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and parasitic weeds. Recently, strigolactones have been shown to be involved in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Herein, we analyzed the effects of strigolactones on systemic acquired resistance induced through salicylic acid-mediated signaling. We observed that the systemic acquired resistance inducer enhanced disease resistance in strigolactone-signaling and biosynthesis-deficient mutants. However, the amount of endogenous salicylic acid and the expression levels of salicylic acid-responsive genes were lower in strigolactone signaling-deficient max2 mutants than in wildtype plants. In both the wildtype and strigolactone biosynthesis-deficient mutants, the strigolactone analog GR24 enhanced disease resistance, whereas treatment with a strigolactone biosynthesis inhibitor suppressed disease resistance in the wildtype. Before inoculation of wildtype plants with pathogenic bacteria, treatment with GR24 did not induce defense-related genes; however, salicylic acid-responsive defense genes were rapidly induced after pathogenic infection. These findings suggest that strigolactones have a priming effect on Arabidopsis thaliana by inducing salicylic acid-mediated disease resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism Research on Signal Transduction in Plant Immunity)
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Review

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15 pages, 1328 KiB  
Review
Cross-Tolerance and Autoimmunity as Missing Links in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses in Plants: A Perspective toward Secondary Metabolic Engineering
by Lakshmipriya Perincherry, Łukasz Stępień and Soniya Eppurathu Vasudevan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(21), 11945; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111945 - 4 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2544
Abstract
Plants employ a diversified array of defense activities when they encounter stress. Continuous activation of defense pathways that were induced by mutation or altered expression of disease resistance genes and mRNA surveillance mechanisms develop abnormal phenotypes. These plants show continuous defense genes’ expression, [...] Read more.
Plants employ a diversified array of defense activities when they encounter stress. Continuous activation of defense pathways that were induced by mutation or altered expression of disease resistance genes and mRNA surveillance mechanisms develop abnormal phenotypes. These plants show continuous defense genes’ expression, reduced growth, and also manifest tissue damage by apoptosis. These macroscopic abrasions appear even in the absence of the pathogen and can be attributed to a condition known as autoimmunity. The question is whether it is possible to develop an autoimmune mutant that does not fetch yield and growth penalty and provides enhanced protection against various biotic and abiotic stresses via secondary metabolic pathways’ engineering. This review is a discussion about the common stress-fighting mechanisms, how the concept of cross-tolerance instigates propitious or protective autoimmunity, and how it can be achieved by engineering secondary metabolic pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanism Research on Signal Transduction in Plant Immunity)
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