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New Insights into the Immunopathology of Infectious Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 1416

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Clinical and Research Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Interests: the pathogenesis of Long-COVID; HIV infection and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome; sepsis; SARS-CoV-2 infection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite you to submit innovative and scientifically valuable papers for the Special Issue "New Insights into the Immunopathology of Infectious Diseases" of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. The study of immune system activation during infectious diseases is an area of great scientific interest and is rapidly expanding. It is increasingly clear how organ damage resulting from immune system dysregulation plays a fundamental role in determining patient prognosis in certain infectious pathologies (e.g., immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, sepsis, and SARS-CoV-2 infection). Likewise, infections can trigger or perpetuate dysimmune phenomena that lead to chronic pathologies with highly variable clinical manifestations, such as myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis, or long COVID. While the use of complex mathematical models and computer simulations has enabled the integration of a multitude of unknown biochemical and molecular dynamics, our understanding of the immune system function is still incomplete.

The goal of this Special Issue is to shed light, from a biochemical and molecular biology perspective, on new immunological and inflammatory mechanisms triggered during acute infectious diseases or that may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory or degenerative diseases. We are particularly interested in studies proposing unexpected discoveries and innovative models of interaction between the infectious agent and the host's immune–inflammatory processes, opening the door to new pathogenetic theories. Review articles, research articles, and interesting short communications are welcome.

Dr. Marta Camici
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • infection immunology
  • immune dysregulation in infectious diseases
  • interactions between infective agents and immune responses
  • modeling of the immune system
  • new pathways of pathogenesis

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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9 pages, 1564 KiB  
Brief Report
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Peripheral Blood Lymphomonocyte Single-Cell Transcriptomics in a Subject with Multiple Sclerosis Acutely Infected with HIV
by Carmela Pinnetti, Gabriella Rozera, Francesco Messina, Pietro Giorgio Spezia, Elisabetta Lazzari, Lavinia Fabeni, Giovanni Chillemi, Daniele Pietrucci, Shalom Haggiag, Ilaria Mastrorosa, Alessandra Vergori, Enrico Girardi, Andrea Antinori, Fabrizio Maggi and Isabella Abbate
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10459; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910459 - 28 Sep 2024
Viewed by 971
Abstract
Signatures of neurodegeneration in clinical samples from a subject with multiple sclerosis (MS) acutely infected with HIV were investigated with single-cell transcriptomics using 10X Chromium technology. Sequencing was carried out on NovaSeq-TM, and the analysis was performed with Cell Ranger software (v 7.1.0) [...] Read more.
Signatures of neurodegeneration in clinical samples from a subject with multiple sclerosis (MS) acutely infected with HIV were investigated with single-cell transcriptomics using 10X Chromium technology. Sequencing was carried out on NovaSeq-TM, and the analysis was performed with Cell Ranger software (v 7.1.0) associated with a specifically established bioinformatic pipeline. A total of 1446 single-cell transcriptomes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 4647 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained. In the CSF, many T-cell lymphocytes with an enriched amount of plasma cells and plasmacytoid dendritic (pDC) cells, as compared to the PBMCs, were detected. An unsupervised cluster analysis, putting together our patient transcriptomes with those of a publicly available MS scRNA-seq dataset, showed up-regulated microglial neurodegenerative gene expression in four clusters, two of which included our subject’s transcriptomes. A few HIV-1 transcripts were found only in the CD4 central memory T-cells of the CSF compartment, mapping to the gag-pol, vpu, and env regions. Our data, which describe the signs of neurodegenerative gene expression in a very peculiar clinical situation, did not distinguish the cause between multiple sclerosis and HIV infection, but they can give a glimpse of the high degree of resolution that may be obtained by the single-cell transcriptomic approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Immunopathology of Infectious Diseases)
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