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Targeted Treatments in Cancer: 2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 5161

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Guest Editor
Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 2-4 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
Interests: biochemistry; radiobiology; pharmacology; molecular science; radiochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue, entitled "Targeted Treatments in Cancer".

In recent years, the survival rate of cancer patients has increased, due to the development of various treatments. However, some cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, are extremely resistant to treatment. One approach uses antibodies or chemicals conjugated to radionuclides, which provide specific radiotherapy. Several cancer-specific molecular targets (such as LAT1, highly expressed in tumor tissues) have been selected, and antibodies (i.e., 90Y-CD20 and 111In-CD20 antibodies, Zevalin®) have also been selected. Nuclear medicine treatment is less invasive than surgery, and is suitable for difficult-to-treat cancer cases. In particular, targeted α therapy (TAT) involves the selective delivery of α-emitters to tumors, using high linear energy transfer (LET) α-particles, while minimizing the damage caused to surrounding tissues. Radium-223 (223Ra) dichloride has been employed as a treatment for bone metastasis (i.e., Xofigo®), as well as for pain management. Radiopharmaceuticals constitute a practical and effective treatment, albeit with their restrictions. Actinium-225 (225At) and astatine-211 (211At) are promising radionuclides for TAT.We focus on researching the usefulness of nuclear medicine treatments, and we aim to drive the development of novel therapeutic agents. Since molecular biology and basic scientific studies are indispensable for the development of technology in nuclear medicine, we will prioritize basic research over clinical trials/data. 

Prof. Dr. Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • TAT (targeting alpha therapy)
  • nuclear medicine
  • cancer treatment
  • imaging
  • radioisotope (RI)
  • surface marker
  • TRT (targeted radioisotope therapy)

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 4368 KiB  
Article
Functional Analysis of RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor as a Putative Tumor Suppressor in Human Endometrial Cancer
by Yasmin Abedin, Paige Minchella, Riley Peterson, Francesca Gonnella, Amanda Graham, Ian Cook, Melissa Javellana, Andrea Jewell, Lori Spoozak and Warren B. Nothnick
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9693; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179693 - 7 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1002
Abstract
Uterine cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, with endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC) being the most common histologic sub-type. Considering the molecular classifications of EC, efforts have been made to identify additional biomarkers that can assist in diagnosis, prognosis, [...] Read more.
Uterine cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, with endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (EC) being the most common histologic sub-type. Considering the molecular classifications of EC, efforts have been made to identify additional biomarkers that can assist in diagnosis, prognosis, and individualized therapy. We sought to explore the relationship of Repressor Element 1 (RE1) silencing transcription factor (REST), which downregulates neuronal genes in non-neuronal tissue, along with matrix metalloproteinase-24 (MMP24) and EC. We analyzed the expression of REST and MMP24 in 31 cases of endometrial cancer and 16 controls. We then explored the baseline expression of REST and MMP24 in two EC cell lines (Ishikawa and HEC-1-A) compared to a benign cell line (t-HESC) and subsequently evaluated proliferation, migration, and invasion in the setting of loss of REST gene expression. REST and MMP24 expression were significantly lower in human EC samples compared to control samples. REST was highly expressed in EC cell lines, but decreasing REST gene expression increased proliferation (FC: 1.13X, p < 0.0001), migration (1.72X, p < 0.0001), and invasion (FC: 7.77X, p < 0.05) in Ishikawa cells, which are hallmarks of cancer progression and metastasis. These findings elicit a potential role for REST as a putative tumor suppressor in EC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeted Treatments in Cancer: 2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 4815 KiB  
Article
A Bioinformatics Investigation of Hub Genes Involved in Treg Migration and Its Synergistic Effects, Using Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Immunotherapies
by Nari Kim, Seoungwon Na, Junhee Pyo, Jisung Jang, Soo-Min Lee and Kyungwon Kim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9341; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179341 - 28 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1364
Abstract
This study aimed to identify hub genes involved in regulatory T cell (Treg) function and migration, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy. We performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis using three gene expression microarray datasets from the GEO database. Differentially expressed [...] Read more.
This study aimed to identify hub genes involved in regulatory T cell (Treg) function and migration, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy. We performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis using three gene expression microarray datasets from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified to pathway enrichment analysis to explore their functional roles and potential pathways. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to identify hub genes critical for Treg activity. We further evaluated the co-expression of these hub genes with immune checkpoint proteins (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA4) and assessed their prognostic significance. Through this comprehensive analysis, we identified CCR8 as a key player in Treg migration and explored its potential synergistic effects with ICIs. Our findings suggest that CCR8-targeted therapies could enhance cancer immunotherapy outcomes, with breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) emerging as a promising indication for combination therapy. This study highlights the potential of CCR8 as a biomarker and therapeutic target, contributing to the development of targeted cancer treatment strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeted Treatments in Cancer: 2nd Edition)
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21 pages, 10740 KiB  
Article
225Ac-iPSMA-RGD for Alpha-Therapy Dual Targeting of Stromal/Tumor Cell PSMA and Integrins
by Blanca Ocampo-García, Pedro Cruz-Nova, Nallely Jiménez-Mancilla, Myrna Luna-Gutiérrez, Rigoberto Oros-Pantoja, Nancy Lara-Almazán, Diana Pérez-Velasco, Clara Santos-Cuevas and Guillermina Ferro-Flores
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(23), 16553; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242316553 - 21 Nov 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1752
Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigens (PSMAs) are frequently overexpressed in both tumor stromal endothelial cells and malignant cells (stromal/tumor cells) of various cancers. The RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide sequence can specifically detect integrins involved in tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to preclinically evaluate the cytotoxicity, biokinetics, [...] Read more.
Prostate-specific membrane antigens (PSMAs) are frequently overexpressed in both tumor stromal endothelial cells and malignant cells (stromal/tumor cells) of various cancers. The RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide sequence can specifically detect integrins involved in tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to preclinically evaluate the cytotoxicity, biokinetics, dosimetry, and therapeutic efficacy of 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD to determine its potential as an improved radiopharmaceutical for alpha therapy compared with the 225Ac-iPSMA and 225Ac-RGD monomers. HEHA-HYNIC-iPSMA-RGD (iPSMA-RGD) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, and UPLC mass spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity of 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD was assessed in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells. Biodistribution, biokinetics, and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated in nude mice with induced HCT116 tumors. In vitro results showed increased DNA double-strand breaks through ROS generation, cell apoptosis, and death in HCT116 cells treated with 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD. The results also demonstrated in vivo cytotoxicity in cancer cells after treatment with 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD and biokinetic and dosimetric properties suitable for alpha therapy, delivering ablative radiation doses up to 237 Gy/3.7 kBq to HCT116 tumors in mice. Given the phenotype of HCT116 cancer cells, the results of this study warrant further dosimetric and clinical studies to determine the potential of 225Ac-iPSMA-RGD in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeted Treatments in Cancer: 2nd Edition)
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