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Identification of Host Factors Involved in Pathogenic Mechanisms of Infectious Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 5320

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Iaboratoire TAGC/Inserm UMR1090, Aix Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique de Luminy case 928, 163, avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
Interests: severe malaria; infectious diseases; genetic susceptibility/resistance; transcriptomics; genomics; regulatory variants; coding variants; markers of severity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infectious diseases are a major cause of human morbidity and mortality in all regions of the world and are of particular concern in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among infected individuals, a fraction develop severe disease while others remain asymptomatic. This inter-individual variability is due to several environmental, pathogen and host factors. This special issue is devoted to the identification of host factors involved in susceptibility/resistance to infectious diseases. Despite major advances, the pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. Detailed molecular mechanisms must be discovered to understand why, in some cases, the host’s immune system is compromised. This is a challenge that would lead to improved diagnosis and treatment and thus to better clinical management. We invite researchers to submit research articles, reviews and comments on topics of interest including, but not limited to, those describe below:

  • Identification of genetic factors through genome-wide association study (GWAS), case-control studies, linkage analysis, exome sequencing, targeting sequencing;
  • Functional characterization of regulatory variants associated with infection or disease using, for example, bioinformatic SNPs prioritization, reporter gene assays, and CRISPR-Cas9 technology;
  • Transcriptomic approaches and enrichment analysis to identify deregulated genes, lncRNAs or miRNAs deregulated in infectious diseases and pathogenic pathways;
  • Investigate epigenomic and transcriptional cooperation to elucidate networks in infectious disease which is necessary for the design of targeted therapies;
  • Selection of biomarkers that can be used as predictive and prognostic markers for prevention and medical care;
  • Use of an animal model to decipher pathogenic processes.

Dr. Sandrine Marquet
Guest Editor

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Keywords


  • Infectious disease
  • Malaria
  • COVID-19
  • susceptibility gene
  • transcriptome
  • regulatory variant
  • coding variant
  • pathogenic pathways
  • epigenomic factor
  • biomarkers

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 2626 KiB  
Article
A Non-Coding Fc Gamma Receptor Cis-Regulatory Variant within the 1q23 Gene Cluster Is Associated with Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Children Residing in Burkina Faso
by Jules Cretin, Mathieu Adjemout, Christelle Dieppois, Frederic Gallardo, Magali Torres, Zachary Merard, Serge Aimé Sawadogo, Christophe Picard, Pascal Rihet and Pascale Paul
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(21), 15711; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115711 - 28 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1245
Abstract
Antibodies play a crucial role in activating protective immunity against malaria by interacting with Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs). Genetic variations in genes encoding FcγRs can affect immune cell responses to the parasite. In this study, our aim was to investigate whether non-coding variants that [...] Read more.
Antibodies play a crucial role in activating protective immunity against malaria by interacting with Fc-gamma receptors (FcγRs). Genetic variations in genes encoding FcγRs can affect immune cell responses to the parasite. In this study, our aim was to investigate whether non-coding variants that regulate FcγR expression could influence the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Through bioinformatics approaches, we selected expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for FCGR2A, FCGR2B, FCGR2C, FCGR3A, and FCGR3B genes encoding FcγRs (FCGR), in whole blood. We prioritized two regulatory variants, rs2099684 and rs1771575, located in open genomic regions. These variants were identified using RegVar, ImmuNexUT, and transcription factor annotations specific to immune cells. In addition to these, we genotyped the coding variants FCGR2A/rs1801274 and FCGR2B/rs1050501 in 234 individuals from a malaria-endemic area in Burkina Faso. We conducted age and family-based analyses to evaluate associations with the prevalence of malarial infection in both children and adults. The analysis revealed that the regulatory rs1771575-CC genotype was predicted to influence FCGR2B/FCGR2C/FCGR3A transcripts in immune cells and was the sole variant associated with a higher prevalence of malarial infection in children. In conclusion, this study identifies the rs1771575 cis-regulatory variant affecting several FcγRs in myeloid and neutrophil cells and associates it with the inter-individual capacity of children living in Burkina Faso to control malarial infection. Full article
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14 pages, 901 KiB  
Article
Fc Gamma Receptor IIIB NA1/NA2/SH Polymorphisms Are Associated with Malaria Susceptibility and Antibody Levels to P. falciparum Merozoite Antigens in Beninese Children
by Abdou Khadre Dit Jadir Fall, David Courtin, Rafiou Adamou, Sofie Edslev, Anita Hansen, Nadia Domingo, Michael Christiansen, Bright Adu, Jacqueline Milet, André Garcia, Michael Theisen, Florence Migot-Nabias and Célia Dechavanne
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 14882; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314882 - 28 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1248
Abstract
This paper aimed to investigate the influence of polymorphisms in the FCGR2A gene encoding R131H FcgRIIA variants and in the FCGR3B gene (108G > C, 114C > T, 194 A > G, 233C > A, 244 G > A and 316G > A) [...] Read more.
This paper aimed to investigate the influence of polymorphisms in the FCGR2A gene encoding R131H FcgRIIA variants and in the FCGR3B gene (108G > C, 114C > T, 194 A > G, 233C > A, 244 G > A and 316G > A) encoding FcgRIIIB-NA1, -NA2 and -SH variants on malaria susceptibility and antibody responses against P. falciparum merozoite antigens in Beninese children. An active malaria follow-up was conducted in infants from birth to 24 months of age in Allada, Benin. FCGR3B exon 3 was sequenced and FCGR2A exon 4 was genotyped. Antibodies directed to GLURP and MSP3 were quantified by ELISA. Association studies were performed using mixed-effect models. Individual carriage of FCGR3B 194 AA genotype was associated with a high number of malaria infections and a low level of IgG1 against MSP3 and GLURP-R0. High parasitemia and increased malaria infections were observed in infants carrying the FCGR3B*05 108C-114T-194A-233C-244A-316A haplotype. A reduced risk of malaria infections and low parasitemia were related to the carriages of the FCGR3B 108C-114T-194G-233C-244G-316A (FCGR3B*06), FCGR3B 108C–114T–194G–233A–244A–316A (FCGR3B*03 encoding for FcgRIIIB-SH) haplotypes and FCGR3B 297 TT genotype. Our results highlight the impact of FCGR3B polymorphisms on the individual susceptibility to malaria and antibody responses against MSP3 and GLURP in Beninese children. Full article
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21 pages, 4039 KiB  
Article
Identification of ATP2B4 Regulatory Element Containing Functional Genetic Variants Associated with Severe Malaria
by Samia Nisar, Magali Torres, Alassane Thiam, Bruno Pouvelle, Florian Rosier, Frederic Gallardo, Oumar Ka, Babacar Mbengue, Rokhaya Ndiaye Diallo, Laura Brosseau, Salvatore Spicuglia, Alioune Dieye, Sandrine Marquet and Pascal Rihet
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 4849; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094849 - 27 Apr 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2113
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies for severe malaria (SM) have identified 30 genetic variants mostly located in non-coding regions. Here, we aimed to identify potential causal genetic variants located in these loci and demonstrate their functional activity. We systematically investigated the regulatory effect of the [...] Read more.
Genome-wide association studies for severe malaria (SM) have identified 30 genetic variants mostly located in non-coding regions. Here, we aimed to identify potential causal genetic variants located in these loci and demonstrate their functional activity. We systematically investigated the regulatory effect of the SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the malaria-associated genetic variants. Annotating and prioritizing genetic variants led to the identification of a regulatory region containing five ATP2B4 SNPs in LD with rs10900585. We found significant associations between SM and rs10900585 and our candidate SNPs (rs11240734, rs1541252, rs1541253, rs1541254, and rs1541255) in a Senegalese population. Then, we demonstrated that both individual SNPs and the combination of SNPs had regulatory effects. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of this region decreased ATP2B4 transcript and protein levels and increased Ca2+ intracellular concentration in the K562 cell line. Our data demonstrate that severe malaria-associated genetic variants alter the expression of ATP2B4 encoding a plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 (PMCA4) expressed on red blood cells. Altering the activity of this regulatory element affects the risk of SM, likely through calcium concentration effect on parasitaemia. Full article
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