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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms in Pancreatic Cancer

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2022) | Viewed by 4266

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
2. Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
Interests: science; transcriptome sequencing; molecular pathology; molecular diagnostics; real-time PCR; viruses in cancers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Prognosis of pancreatic cancer remains very poor, and novel targeted and individualized therapeutic approaches are urgently required. Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a high mortality rate worldwide. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for about 90% of most pancreatic cancer cases.

Given the clear importance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in PDAC, approaches to target specific features within the TME have attracted great attention. Tumor microenvironment in PDAC is mostly composed of extracellular matrix, immune cells, growth factors, and cancer-associated fibroblasts. To improve treatment options, more detailed molecular profiling is essential to allow targeting of the TME.

Recent advances in next-generation DNA sequencing have simplified classification of the molecular pathways activated in pancreatic tumors. Additionally, spatially high-resolution RNA-sequencing approaches have allowed global mapping of in situ gene expression pathways.

Unfortunately, only a few genetic alterations in PDAC have offered therapeutically tailored treatment options. To make major steps forward, advanced treatments based on individual genetic signature are needed. Additionally, successful treatments should synergically target the tumor stroma, which is pivotal in PDAC signaling pathways.

In this Special Issue, we attempt to reflect part of the research activity in the field of pancreatic cancer. Focus is placed on data supported by molecular sciences within the field of cancer research and clinical diagnostics. We look forward to reading your contributions.

Dr. Mehran Ghaderi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • cancer
  • molecular
  • cellular
  • pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
  • pathway
  • sequencing
  • transcriptome
  • treatment

Published Papers (2 papers)

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15 pages, 1272 KiB  
Article
Quantification and Characterization of CTCs and Clusters in Pancreatic Cancer by Means of the Hough Transform Algorithm
by Francisco José Calero-Castro, Sheila Pereira, Imán Laga, Paula Villanueva, Gonzalo Suárez-Artacho, Carmen Cepeda-Franco, Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda, Elena Navarro-Villarán, Sandra Dios-Barbeito, María José Serrano, Cristóbal Fresno and Javier Padillo-Ruiz
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(5), 4278; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054278 - 21 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1542
Abstract
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are considered a prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer. In this study we present a new approach for counting CTCs and CTC clusters in patients with pancreatic cancer using the IsofluxTM System with the Hough transform algorithm (Hough-IsofluxTM [...] Read more.
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are considered a prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer. In this study we present a new approach for counting CTCs and CTC clusters in patients with pancreatic cancer using the IsofluxTM System with the Hough transform algorithm (Hough-IsofluxTM). The Hough-IsofluxTM approach is based on the counting of an array of pixels with a nucleus and cytokeratin expression excluding the CD45 signal. Total CTCs including free and CTC clusters were evaluated in healthy donor samples mixed with pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) and in samples from patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The IsofluxTM System with manual counting was used in a blinded manner by three technicians who used Manual-IsofluxTM as a reference. The accuracy of the Hough-IsofluxTM approach for detecting PCC based on counted events was 91.00% [84.50, 93.50] with a PCC recovery rate of 80.75 ± 16.41%. A high correlation between the Hough-IsofluxTM and Manual-IsofluxTM was observed for both free CTCs and for clusters in experimental PCC (R2 = 0.993 and R2 = 0.902 respectively). However, the correlation rate was better for free CTCs than for clusters in PDAC patient samples (R2 = 0.974 and R2 = 0.790 respectively). In conclusion, the Hough-IsofluxTM approach showed high accuracy for the detection of circulating pancreatic cancer cells. A better correlation rate was observed between Hough-IsofluxTM approach and with the Manual-IsofluxTM for isolated CTCs than for clusters in PDAC patient samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms in Pancreatic Cancer)
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15 pages, 2658 KiB  
Article
Deciphering Genetic Alterations of Taiwanese Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma through Targeted Sequencing
by Chi-Cheng Huang, Chih-Yi Liu, Chi-Jung Huang, Yao-Chun Hsu, Heng-Hui Lien, Jia-Uei Wong, Feng-Chuan Tai, Wen-Hui Ku, Chi-Feng Hung, Jaw-Town Lin, Ching-Shui Huang and Han-Sun Chiang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1579; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031579 - 29 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2093
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the 8th leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Taiwan, and its incidence is increasing. The development of PAC involves successive accumulation of multiple genetic alterations. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis and heterogeneity of PAC may facilitate personalized treatment for PAC [...] Read more.
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the 8th leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Taiwan, and its incidence is increasing. The development of PAC involves successive accumulation of multiple genetic alterations. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis and heterogeneity of PAC may facilitate personalized treatment for PAC and identify therapeutic agents. We performed tumor-only next-generation sequencing (NGS) with targeted panels to explore the molecular changes underlying PAC patients in Taiwan. The Ion Torrent Oncomine Comprehensive Panel (OCP) was used for PAC metastatic lesions, and more PAC samples were sequenced with the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hot Spot (CHP) v2 panel. Five formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) metastatic PAC specimens were successfully assayed with OCP, and KRAS was the most prevalent alteration, which might contraindicate the use of anti-EGFR therapy. One PAC patient harbored a FGFR2 p. C382R mutation, which might benefit from FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. An additional 38 samples assayed with CHP v2 showed 100 hotspot variants, collapsing to 54 COSMID IDs. The most frequently mutated genes were TP53, KRAS, and PDGFRA (29, 23, 10 hotspot variants), impacting 11, 23, and 10 PAC patients. Highly pathogenic variants, including COSM22413 (PDGFRA, FATHMM predicted score: 0.88), COSM520, COSM521, and COSM518 (KRAS, FATHMM predicted score: 0.98), were reported. By using NGS with targeted panels, somatic mutations with therapeutic potential were identified. The combination of clinical and genetic information is useful for decision making and precise selection of targeted medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms in Pancreatic Cancer)
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