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IJMS
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Monitoring Immune Responses in Renal Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases
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Monitoring Immune Responses in Renal Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2023) | Viewed by 5516

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Desmond Yap

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, 102 Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
Interests: glomerulonephritis; autoimmunity; lupus nephritis
Dr. Sung Gyun Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
Interests: interventional nephrology & dialysis; renal anemia; clinical immunology; Cardiovascular diseases in CKD; medical simulation education and training

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I invite you to contribute a review article to the Special Issue “Monitoring Immune Responses in Renal Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases”, which is to be published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Impact Factor: 5.924). Autoimmunity is an important cause of glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury in kidney diseases. The monitoring of immune response is crucial in the clinical management of immune-mediated renal disease, especially in the gauging of therapeutic response, detection of relapse and decision to taper or withdraw immunosuppressive treatments. In the past decade, there has been rapid progress in immune monitoring for renal autoinflammatory disorders, and various cellular, soluble, molecular and serological biomarkers have been proposed. Your contribution to this Special Issue will help to enhance knowledge on immune monitoring in renal autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, which is pertinent to good clinical management and can potentially improve the short- and long-term patient outcomes.

Please note that IJMS is a journal of molecular science; thus, pure clinical studies will not be suitable for this Special Issue. We encourage authors to submit works on the molecular or cellular mechanisms of immune responses in renal autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.

Thank you, and I look forward to your support in this Special Issue.

Dr. Desmond Yap
Dr. Sung Gyun Kim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • monitoring
  • immune response
  • autoimmunity
  • kidney
  • glomerular diseases

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 3020 KiB  
Article
Towards the Definition of the Molecular Hallmarks of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy in Serum Proteome: A DIA-PASEF Approach
by Paolo Previtali, Lisa Pagani, Giulia Risca, Giulia Capitoli, Eleonora Bossi, Glenda Oliveira, Isabella Piga, Antonella Radice, Barbara Trezzi, Renato Alberto Sinico, Fulvio Magni and Clizia Chinello
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11756; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411756 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1434
Abstract
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is a pathologically defined disorder of the glomerulus, primarily responsible for nephrotic syndromes (NS) in nondiabetic adults. The underlying molecular mechanisms are still not completely clarified. To explore possible molecular and functional signatures, an optimised mass spectrometry (MS) method [...] Read more.
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is a pathologically defined disorder of the glomerulus, primarily responsible for nephrotic syndromes (NS) in nondiabetic adults. The underlying molecular mechanisms are still not completely clarified. To explore possible molecular and functional signatures, an optimised mass spectrometry (MS) method based on next-generation data-independent acquisition combined with ion-mobility was applied to serum of patients affected by IMN (n = 15) or by other glomerulopathies (PN) (n = 15). The statistical comparison highlighted a panel of 57 de-regulated proteins with a significant increase in lipoprotein-related proteins (APOC1, APOB, APOA1, APOL1 and LCAT) and a substantial quantitative alteration of key serpins (including A4, D1, A7, A6, F2, F1 and 1) possibly associated with IMN or NS and podocyte stress. A critical dysregulation in metabolisms of lipids (e.g., VLDL assembly and clearance) likely to be related to known hyperlipidemia in IMN, along with involvement of non-classical complement pathways and a putative enrolment of ficolin-2 in sustaining the activation of the lectin-mediated complement system have been pinpointed. Moreover, mannose receptor CD206 (MRC1-down in IMN) and biotinidase (BTD-up in IMN) are able alone to accurately distinguish IMN vs. PN. To conclude, our work provides key proteomic insights into the IMN complexity, opening the way to an efficient stratification of MN patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring Immune Responses in Renal Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases)
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14 pages, 2608 KiB  
Article
Immunophenotypic Alterations in Adult Patients with Steroid-Dependent and Frequently Relapsing Nephrotic Syndrome
by Federica Casiraghi, Marta Todeschini, Manuel Alfredo Podestà, Marilena Mister, Barbara Ruggiero, Matias Trillini, Camillo Carrara, Olimpia Diadei, Alessandro Villa, Ariela Benigni and Giuseppe Remuzzi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(9), 7687; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097687 - 22 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1295
Abstract
Immune dysregulation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of steroid-dependent/frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (SDNS/FRNS). However, in contrast with evidence from the pediatric series, no major B- or T-cell alterations have been described for adults. In these patients, treatment with rituximab allows safe [...] Read more.
Immune dysregulation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of steroid-dependent/frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (SDNS/FRNS). However, in contrast with evidence from the pediatric series, no major B- or T-cell alterations have been described for adults. In these patients, treatment with rituximab allows safe discontinuation of steroids, but long-term efficacy is variable, and some patients experience NS relapses after B cell reconstitution. In this study, we aimed to determine disease-associated changes in the B and T cell phenotype of adult patients with SDND/FRNS after steroid-induced remission. We also investigated whether any of these changes in immune cell subsets could discriminate between patients who developed NS relapses after steroid-sparing treatment with rituximab from those who did not. Lymphocyte subsets in SDNS/FRNS patients (n = 18) were compared to those from patients with steroid-resistant NS (SRNS, n = 7) and healthy volunteers (HV, n = 15). Before rituximab, SDND/FRNS patients showed increased frequencies of total and memory B cells, mainly with a CD38-negative phenotype. Within the T-cell compartment, significantly lower levels of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were found, mostly due to a reduction in CD45RO+ memory Tregs compared to both SRNS and HV. The levels of CD45RO+ Tregs were significantly lower at baseline in patients who relapsed after rituximab (n = 9) compared to patients who did not (n = 9). In conclusion, patients with SDND/FRNS displayed expansion of memory B cells and reduced memory Tregs. Treg levels at baseline may help identify patients who will achieve sustained remission following rituximab infusion from those who will experience NS relapses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring Immune Responses in Renal Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases)
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Review

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24 pages, 933 KiB  
Review
Present and Future of IgA Nephropathy and Membranous Nephropathy Immune Monitoring: Insights from Molecular Studies
by Francesca Zanoni, Matteo Abinti, Mirco Belingheri and Giuseppe Castellano
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(17), 13134; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713134 - 23 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2313
Abstract
IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) and Membranous Nephropathy (MN) are primary immune-mediated glomerular diseases with highly variable prognosis. Current guidelines recommend that greater immunologic activity and worse prognosis should guide towards the best treatment in an individualized approach. Nevertheless, proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate, the [...] Read more.
IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) and Membranous Nephropathy (MN) are primary immune-mediated glomerular diseases with highly variable prognosis. Current guidelines recommend that greater immunologic activity and worse prognosis should guide towards the best treatment in an individualized approach. Nevertheless, proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate, the current gold standards for prognosis assessment and treatment guidance in primary glomerular diseases, may be altered with chronic damage and nephron scarring, conditions that are not related to immune activity. In recent years, thanks to the development of new molecular technologies, among them genome-wide genotyping, RNA sequencing techniques, and mass spectrometry, we have witnessed an outstanding improvement in understanding the pathogenesis of IgAN and MN. In addition, recent genome-wide association studies have suggested potential targets for immunomodulating agents, stressing the need for the identification of specific biomarkers of immune activity. In this work, we aim to review current evidence and recent progress, including the more recent use of omics techniques, in the identification of potential biomarkers for immune monitoring in IgAN and MN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring Immune Responses in Renal Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases)
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