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Antioxidant and Cellular Defense Properties of Phytochemicals

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 13172

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Interests: phytochemicals; chemoprevention; antioxidant defences; anti-inflammation; hair growth; phase II enzymes; signal transduction
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Phytochemicals, bioactive chemical compounds found in plants, have long been studied for their potential health benefits. Of the diverse health benefits of phytochemicals, the ability to protect cells and tissues could be considered as the first line of defense. Many phytochemicals have been shown to induce cellular defense mechanisms against exposure to various endogenous and exogenous toxicants as well as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Phytochemicals possess the ability to directly neutralize ROS/RNS or to indirectly enhance the antioxidant and phase II detoxifying enzymes. These phytochemicals may regulate transcription factors or upstream signaling kinases involved in antioxidant and detoxifying defense systems. Inhibition of pro-inflammatory and carcinogenic molecular targets is also a cellular defense strategy of phytochemicals to prevent chronic diseases and maintain health. Improving gut microbiome profile by phytochemicals could be another recent approach to enhance the defense ability.

This Special Issue calls for original research articles and full/mini reviews that address the progress and current understanding in the overlapping research topics of “Antioxidant and Cellular Defense Properties of Phytochemicals”.

Prof. Dr. Woo-Sik Jeong
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • phytochemicals
  • cellular defense mechanisms
  • antioxidant enzymes
  • phase II detoxifying enzymes
  • anti-inflammation
  • signal transduction pathway
  • chemoprevention
  • microbiome

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1361 KiB  
Article
Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Function of Gynura procumbens Polyphenols Ligand
by Hun Hwan Kim, Sang Eun Ha, Preethi Vetrivel, Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale, Seong Min Kim and Gon Sup Kim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(16), 8716; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168716 - 13 Aug 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2912
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of polyphenols contained in Gynura procumbens (GP) extract were systematically analyzed. Polyphenols in GP were analyzed for nine peaks using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with mass spectrometry (MS), and quantitatively determined through each standard. A total of [...] Read more.
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of polyphenols contained in Gynura procumbens (GP) extract were systematically analyzed. Polyphenols in GP were analyzed for nine peaks using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with mass spectrometry (MS), and quantitatively determined through each standard. A total of nine polyphenolic compounds were identified in the samples and their MS data were tabulated. To determine the potential of bioactive ingredients targeting DPPH and COX-2, we analyzed them by ultrafiltration combined with LC. The results identified the major compounds exhibiting binding affinity for DPPH and COX-2. Caffeic acid, kynurenic acid, and chlorogenic acid showed excellent binding affinity to DPPH and COX-2, suggesting that they can be considered as major active compounds. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effect of GP was confirmed in vitro. This study will not only be used to provide basic data for the application of GP to the food and pharmaceutical industries, but will also provide information on effective screening methods for other medicinal plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant and Cellular Defense Properties of Phytochemicals)
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Review

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24 pages, 1321 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Phenolic Metabolites and Skin Cancer
by Teodora Daria Pop and Zorita Diaconeasa
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(18), 9707; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189707 - 8 Sep 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4475
Abstract
Skin cancer represents any tumor development from the cutaneous structures within the epidermis, dermis or subcutaneous tissue, and is considered to be the most prevalent type of cancer. Compared to other types of cancer, skin cancer is proven to have a positive growth [...] Read more.
Skin cancer represents any tumor development from the cutaneous structures within the epidermis, dermis or subcutaneous tissue, and is considered to be the most prevalent type of cancer. Compared to other types of cancer, skin cancer is proven to have a positive growth rate of prevalence and mortality. There are available various treatments, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy, but because of the multidrug resistance development, a low success has been registered. By this, the importance of studying naturally occurring compounds that are both safe and effective in the chemoprevention of skin cancer is emphasized. This review focuses on melanoma because it is the deadliest form of skin cancer, with a significantly increasing incidence in the last decades. As chemopreventive agents, we present polyphenols and their antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, their ability to balance the cell cycle and to induce apoptosis and their various other effects on skin melanoma. Besides chemoprevention, studies suggest that polyphenols can have treating abilities in some conditions. The limitations of using polyphenols are also pointed out, which are related to their poor bioavailability and stability, but as the technology is well developed, it is possible to augment the efficacy of polyphenols in the case of melanoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant and Cellular Defense Properties of Phytochemicals)
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24 pages, 1688 KiB  
Review
Cellular Defensive Mechanisms of Tea Polyphenols: Structure-Activity Relationship
by Van-Long Truong and Woo-Sik Jeong
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(17), 9109; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179109 - 24 Aug 2021
Cited by 50 | Viewed by 4952
Abstract
Tea is particularly rich in polyphenols, including catechins and theaflavins, thearubigins, flavonols, and phenolic acids, which are believed to contribute to the health benefits of tea. The health-promoting effects of tea polyphenols are believed to be related to their cellular defensive properties. This [...] Read more.
Tea is particularly rich in polyphenols, including catechins and theaflavins, thearubigins, flavonols, and phenolic acids, which are believed to contribute to the health benefits of tea. The health-promoting effects of tea polyphenols are believed to be related to their cellular defensive properties. This review is intended to briefly summarize the relationship between the chemical structures of tea polyphenols and their biological activities. Tea polyphenols appear as direct antioxidants by scavenging reactive oxygen/nitrogen species; chelating transition metals; and inhibiting lipid, protein, and DNA oxidations. They also act directly by suppressing “pro-oxidant” enzymes, inducing endogenous antioxidants, and cooperating with vitamins. Moreover, tea polyphenols regulate cellular signaling transduction pathways, importantly contributing to the prevention of chronic diseases and the promotion of physiological functions. Apparently, the features in the chemical structures of tea polyphenols are closely associated with their antioxidant potentials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidant and Cellular Defense Properties of Phytochemicals)
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