The Future of Human Digitization

A special issue of Information (ISSN 2078-2489). This special issue belongs to the section "Information Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2020) | Viewed by 20526

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Interests: ethics; digitization; artificial intelligence; robotics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The concept of digitization refers to a large cluster of digital technologies, such as robotics, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and algorithms, big data, digital platforms, biometrics, persuasive technology, augmented reality, and virtual reality. Together, they are generating a new wave of digitization. Through these technologies, ever more aspects of our physical world are being digitized: 1. The material world (our streets, buildings, homes, production processes); 2. the biological world (our bodies and minds); and 3. the sociocultural world (our social environments including our work). For instance, virtual representations are entering the physical world: The digital world is growing, and technologies such as artificial intelligence and automated algorithms are increasingly being used to process the data in that world. The physical world and the digital world are becoming ever more closely intertwined. There are continuous feedback-loops between them. People, objects or processes in the physical world are first measured in bits and bytes and then analyzed (or profiled) in the digital world. These analyses in turn are then immediately used to modify products and services in the physical world. For example, smart homes measure the temperature in the dwelling, analyze the preferences of their occupants, and automatically adjust the thermostat to the desired temperature, at the desired time. Then there are smart cars, which measure the physical world around them via numerous sensors and cameras, while maintaining continuous connections with internet servers that process this information and retrieve map details or traffic updates. The cars then use the results of these analyses to find their way to their destination. The emergence of these continuous, cybernetic, feedback loops, appears to represent a new phase in the digitization of society.

The far-reaching digitization of society raises fundamental ethical and societal issues. The government, industry, and society are not yet adequately equipped to deal with these new issues. This challenges important public values and human rights such as privacy, equity and equality, autonomy, and human dignity. Great efforts need to be made at all levels of government and society to steer the digitization of society in the right direction. We are by no means powerless, however. Provided that the government, industry, and society take appropriate action, we can provide the digital society with a sensible upgrade.

This Special Issue on the future of human digitization aims to investigate, among others, the following questions:

  • In what way will the digitization of society be shaped by new technologies in the coming 10 to 15 years?
  • What kind of societal and ethical issues does the digitization of society raise?
  • To what extent do these issues challenge the current governance system?
  • Are there any blind spots in terms of how emerging ethical and societal issues are being handled?
  • How can we translate emerging societal and ethical issues into policy, interministerial consultation, and coordination on digitization?
  • How can we safeguard fundamental rights and human rights in the digital society?
  • What are the new responsibilities for companies that develop digital products and services?

Dr. Lambèr Royakkers
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Digitization
  • Ethics
  • Human rights
  • Public values
  • Artificial intelligence

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 316 KiB  
Article
The Right to the City in the Platform Age: Child-Friendly City and Smart City Premises in Contention
by Shenja van der Graaf
Information 2020, 11(6), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/info11060285 - 27 May 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 6486
Abstract
This article sought to develop a critical account of the ever-increasing role of ICTs in cities and urban governance discourses, captured by a growing interest to ‘smarten up’ our cities, for their inclusiveness of citizens more broadly, and that of children, in particular. [...] Read more.
This article sought to develop a critical account of the ever-increasing role of ICTs in cities and urban governance discourses, captured by a growing interest to ‘smarten up’ our cities, for their inclusiveness of citizens more broadly, and that of children, in particular. In revisiting rights-based approaches, it gives particular attention to the (political) premises of two urban concepts, that is, child-friendly cities and smart cities. The focus here is on how these current concepts encompass and direct the make-up of children′s relationship to the city, which brings the question to the fore of ‘whose version is it?’ A predominant provider′s perspective and a normative discourse are revealed which seem to overlook emergent logics of children′s social needs and experiences in the city. It is therefore proposed to revisit and revise our existing ideas, thus critiquing the current potential of the emerging ‘rights-based’ agendas in improving outcomes for children by urging cities to become child-friendly in their smart city ideals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Human Digitization)
15 pages, 361 KiB  
Article
Digital Objects, Digital Subjects and Digital Societies: Deontology in the Age of Digitalization
by Andreas Spahn
Information 2020, 11(4), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/info11040228 - 20 Apr 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 9160
Abstract
Digitalization affects the relation between human agents and technological objects. This paper looks at digital behavior change technologies (BCT) from a deontological perspective. It identifies three moral requirements that are relevant for ethical approaches in the tradition of Kantian deontology: epistemic rationalism, motivational [...] Read more.
Digitalization affects the relation between human agents and technological objects. This paper looks at digital behavior change technologies (BCT) from a deontological perspective. It identifies three moral requirements that are relevant for ethical approaches in the tradition of Kantian deontology: epistemic rationalism, motivational rationalism and deliberational rationalism. It argues that traditional Kantian ethics assumes human ‘subjects’ to be autonomous agents, whereas ‘objects’ are mere passive tools. Digitalization, however, challenges this Cartesian subject-object dualism: digital technologies become more and more autonomous and take on agency. Similarly, human subjects can outsource agency and will-power to technologies. In addition, our intersubjective relations are being more and more shaped by digital technologies. The paper therefore re-examines the three categories ‘subject’, ‘object’ and ‘intersubjectivity’ in light of digital BCTs and suggests deontological guidelines for digital objects, digital subjects and a digitally mediated intersubjectivity, based on a re-examination of the requirements of epistemic, motivational and deliberational rationalism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Human Digitization)
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12 pages, 255 KiB  
Article
Technology for Our Future? Exploring the Duty to Report and Processes of Subjectification Relating to Digitalized Suicide Prevention
by Tineke Broer
Information 2020, 11(3), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/info11030170 - 23 Mar 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3603
Abstract
Digital and networking technologies are increasingly used to predict who is at risk of attempting suicide. Such digitalized suicide prevention within and beyond mental health care raises ethical, social and legal issues for a range of actors involved. Here, I will draw on [...] Read more.
Digital and networking technologies are increasingly used to predict who is at risk of attempting suicide. Such digitalized suicide prevention within and beyond mental health care raises ethical, social and legal issues for a range of actors involved. Here, I will draw on key literature to explore what issues (might) arise in relation to digitalized suicide prevention practices. I will start by reviewing some of the initiatives that are already implemented, and address some of the issues associated with these and with potential future initiatives. Rather than addressing the breadth of issues, however, I will then zoom in on two key issues: first, the duty of care and the duty to report, and how these two legal and professional standards may change within and through digitalized suicide prevention; and secondly a more philosophical exploration of how digitalized suicide prevention may alter human subjectivity. To end with the by now famous adagio, digitalized suicide prevention is neither good nor bad, nor is it neutral, and I will argue that we need sustained academic and social conversation about who can and should be involved in digitalized suicide prevention practices and, indeed, in what ways it can and should (not) happen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Human Digitization)
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