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Current Measures for Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Outcome Assessment in Orthopedics,...
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Current Measures for Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Outcome Assessment in Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Hand Surgery

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Orthopedics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 October 2025 | Viewed by 9570

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Paweł Reichert

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Guest Editor
Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University and Clinical Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, University Hospital, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: hand surgery; orthopaedics; peripheral nerve surgery; sports medicine; traumatology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Piotr Morasiewicz

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Guest Editor
Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital in Opole, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Witosa 26, 41-405 Opole, Poland
Interests: Ilizarow method; orthopaedics; peripheral nerve surgery; sports medicine; traumatology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce the call for papers for a Special Issue entitled “Current Measures for Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Outcome Assessment in Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Hand Surgery” to be published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine.

The field of orthopaedics, traumatology, and hand surgery continually evolves with advancements in diagnostic tools, monitoring techniques, and outcome assessment measures. This Special Issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovations in orthopedics, traumatology, and hand surgery, specifically focusing on developing and applying advanced diagnostic, monitoring, and outcome assessment measures.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Novel diagnostic tools and techniques;
  • Innovations in diagnostic measures;
  • Objective monitoring tools;
  • Patient-reported outcomes and quality of life measures;
  • Advanced monitoring technologies in orthopedics, traumatology, and hand surgery;
  • Outcome assessment methods and criteria;
  • Integrative approaches for comprehensive patient evaluation;
  • Technological advancements, including robotics, computer-assisted surgery, 3D printing, and personalized implants;
  • Challenges and solutions in implementing measures.

We look forward to receiving your valuable contributions and believe that this Special Issue will significantly contribute to advancing knowledge in orthopedics, traumatology, and hand surgery.

Prof. Dr. Paweł Reichert
Prof. Dr. Piotr Morasiewicz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • clinical evaluation
  • hand surgery
  • orthopaedics
  • performance-based measures
  • physical examination
  • reliability
  • traumatology

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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14 pages, 2649 KiB  
Article
Comparative Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes of Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Allograft and Semitendinosus Autograft
by Maciej Kentel, Monika Kentel, Krzysztof Korolczuk and Jarosław Witkowski
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(1), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14010133 - 29 Dec 2024
Viewed by 686
Abstract
Introduction: The number of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (RACLR) procedures is increasing in proportion to the increase in the number of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) procedures. Although approximately 50–75% of these procedures can be performed in a single-stage procedure, not all [...] Read more.
Introduction: The number of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (RACLR) procedures is increasing in proportion to the increase in the number of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) procedures. Although approximately 50–75% of these procedures can be performed in a single-stage procedure, not all of them can. The choice of graft may influence the results of RACLR. The most commonly mentioned graft materials for RACLR are allografts and autografts. Background/Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of single-stage RACLR using a semitendinosus (ST) autograft or allograft and to follow-up and compare the results of both groups after 2 years. Methods: The retrospective cohort study was carried out between 2008 and 2021, during which time 2327 ACLRs were performed. Graft rupture occurred in 198 (8.5%) patients, and 98 (4.2%) patients underwent RACLR. RACLR was performed as a single-stage procedure using a semitendinosus autograft or allograft in 56 patients. The KT-2000, Lachman and axis shift, range of motion, Tegner, Lysholm, KSS, KOOS, and IKDC tests were used to assess outcomes. Results: There were no differences between the groups in terms of age, time of revision after procedure, parameters for the graft (screw diameter, endobutton length, femoral tunnel length) or for the procedure and revision, BMI, or in the time needed for returning to dynamics and training. The groups did not differ in quality of life in any measurements, stiffness, pain function, or sport. Analysis showed higher Lysholm results on the day of treatment in the autograft group than in the allograft group (p = 0.11). The allograft group had higher KSS scores on the day of treatment (p = 0.11) and after 60 months or at the moment of breakup than the autograft group (p = 0.025). Conclusions: Single-stage revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with an autograft and ST provides good knee stability. The results of single-stage revision anterior cruciate ligament treatment using an ST autograft or an ST allograft are similar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Measures for Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Outcome Assessment in Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Hand Surgery)
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12 pages, 416 KiB  
Article
Factors Associated with Preoperative Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Ambulatory Hand Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
by Justyna Napora, Krystian Gryglewski, Miłosz Piotrowicz, Piotr Lebiedź, Tomasz Mazurek and Katarzyna Nowicka-Sauer
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(23), 7004; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237004 - 21 Nov 2024
Viewed by 953
Abstract
Background: Studies examining preoperative anxiety in patients awaiting hand surgery are scarce. Preoperative anxiety is a common reaction and can have a negative impact on treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the level of anxiety in patients undergoing hand [...] Read more.
Background: Studies examining preoperative anxiety in patients awaiting hand surgery are scarce. Preoperative anxiety is a common reaction and can have a negative impact on treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the level of anxiety in patients undergoing hand surgery as a one-day procedure and to investigate the associations between patients’ preoperative anxiety and selected sociodemographic, psychological, and clinical variables. Methods: We examined 121 patients (77.7% women) who were operated on in an ambulatory setting. The mean age was 52.6 years (range: 24–84 years). Preoperative anxiety was assessed according to the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). The Visual Analogue Scale was used to assess irritability, depression, and pain. Results: Univariate analyses showed significant correlations between patients’ preoperative anxiety and increased age, surgery within a year since diagnosis, the presence of rehabilitation in their medical history, higher irritability, and living in rural areas. Multivariate analyses showed significant associations between patients’ anxiety level and diagnosis of up to a year, a history of rehabilitation and the level of irritability. Conclusions: Patients undergoing hand surgery in an ambulatory surgery setting experience some preoperative anxiety. Younger patients, those with a shorter duration of disease, with a history of rehabilitation, those presenting intense irritability, and those living in rural areas may demand special attention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Measures for Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Outcome Assessment in Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Hand Surgery)
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9 pages, 1396 KiB  
Article
CT-Based Evaluation of Volumetric Posterior Pelvic Bone Density with Implications for the Percutaneous Screw Fixation of the Sacroiliac Joint
by Michał Kułakowski, Karol Elster, Michał Janiak, Julia Kułakowska, Paweł Żuchowski, Rafał Wojciechowski, Marta Dura, Marcin Lech, Krzysztof Korolczuk, Magdalena Grzonkowska, Michał Szpinda and Mariusz Baumgart
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(20), 6063; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13206063 - 11 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1222
Abstract
Background: Operative treatment of fragility fractures of the pelvis has become a gold standard. Preoperative planning, including the assessment of the pathway for iliosacral screws, is crucial. The anchorage of the screw depends on the bone quality. Some recent studies have concentrated on [...] Read more.
Background: Operative treatment of fragility fractures of the pelvis has become a gold standard. Preoperative planning, including the assessment of the pathway for iliosacral screws, is crucial. The anchorage of the screw depends on the bone quality. Some recent studies have concentrated on assessing bone mineral density (BMD) with the use of Hounsfield unit (HU) values obtained from CT scans. The aim of the present study is to determine the best sacral levels of S1–S3 on the pathway of iliosacral screws for sacroiliac joint fixation. Methods: Patients admitted to the Independent Public Healthcare Center in Rypin between 1 of September and 1 of December in 2023, who had CT scans of the pelvis performed on them for different reasons, were included in this study. In total, 103 patients—56 men and 47 women—were enrolled in the study and consecutively separated into two groups of different ages: 18–60 years old (group A) and above 60 years old (group B). The volumetric bone density expressed in HU values was measured with sacral levels of S1, S2 and S3. Apart from the bodies of sacral vertebrae S1–S3, our measurements involved the ala of the ilium in the vicinity of the sacroiliac joint and the wing of the sacrum. All the measurements were performed on the pathway of presumptive iliosacral screws to stabilize the sacroiliac joint. Results: In group A (58 patients) the highest bone density in sacral bodies was found in S1 that gradually decreased to S3, while the opposite tendency was demonstrated in the ala of ilium. The HU values in the wing of the sacrum did not display statistical significance. In group B (45 patients), the highest bone density was also found in the sacral body S1 that decreased toward S3 but in the ala of ilium, the highest bone density was found with level S1 and lowest with level S2. In both groups, the highest bone density referred to the wing of the sacrum. Conclusion: While the perfect construct for posterior pelvic ring fixation remains unclear, our findings may imply that sacroiliac joint screws inserted into the wing of the sacrum of greater bone density could provide much more successful fixation in comparison to those anchored in the body of sacral vertebra of lesser bone density. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Measures for Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Outcome Assessment in Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Hand Surgery)
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14 pages, 548 KiB  
Article
Psychometric Properties of the Serbian Version of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Disability Self-Assessment Questionnaire: Criterion Validity, Construct Validity, and Internal Consistency
by Milos Vucetic, Vedrana Pavlovic, Suzana Milutinovic, Milan Stojicic, Natasa Milic, Dejan Aleksandric, Lazar Miceta, Bojan Petrovic, Aleksandar Matejic, Nina Rajovic, Vladislav Stanisic, Ana Tasic, Milena Dubravac, Srdjan Masic and Dejana Stanisavljevic
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(19), 5903; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195903 - 3 Oct 2024
Viewed by 988
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire is a widely employed self-report tool for assessing upper extremity function. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Serbian version of the DASH by determining [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire is a widely employed self-report tool for assessing upper extremity function. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Serbian version of the DASH by determining its criterion and construct validity, as well as internal consistency. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with hand and wrist disabilities at the Institute for Orthopedics “Banjica”, Serbia. The psychometric properties of the Serbian version of the DASH were analyzed through an examination of its factorial structure and internal consistency. The DASH consists of 30 items, 24 of which assess function, 21 of which focus on physical function and three on social/role function. The remaining six items evaluate symptoms related to pain, tingling/numbness, weakness, and stiffness. Results: A total of 297 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 47.4 ± 16.8 years, with 50.5% males. Three models were assessed to determine the reliability and validity of the questionnaire across different domains. Model 1 examined a single-factor structure. In Model 2, the items were divided into two domains: Physical Function and Psychosocial/Symptoms. In Model 3, items were subdivided into three domains: Physical Function, Symptoms, and Psychosocial. All models demonstrated an excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha > 0.9 for most domains. The values for the fit indices Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) and Comparative-Fit Index (CFI) were above their cut-off criteria of 0.9, while the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) were below the suggested value of 0.06, indicating an excellent level of models fit. Standardized factor loadings were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The present study provided the evidence for the appropriate metric properties of the Serbian version of the DASH. Results support both the unidimensional and multidimensional structures of the DASH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Measures for Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Outcome Assessment in Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Hand Surgery)
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11 pages, 241 KiB  
Article
Population Norms for Hand Grip and Precision Grip Strengths in Polish Children and Adolescents Aged 3–19
by Michał Górecki, Marta Kazarców, Agnieszka Protasewicz, Piotr Czarnecki and Leszek Romanowski
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(16), 4833; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164833 - 16 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1737
Abstract
Background: Normative data on hand and precision grip strengths are essential for evaluating the level of development, the efficacy of rehabilitation, and treatment results. The need for established norms of grip strength in Polish children is one of the problems that Polish physiotherapists [...] Read more.
Background: Normative data on hand and precision grip strengths are essential for evaluating the level of development, the efficacy of rehabilitation, and treatment results. The need for established norms of grip strength in Polish children is one of the problems that Polish physiotherapists and physicians face when treating upper limbs. The aim was to establish normative values of hand and precision grips strengths in Polish children and adolescents aged 3–19. Methods: In the years 2012–2023, a sample of 358 children and adolescents with no history of upper limb injuries or congenital upper extremity defects were randomly chosen from kindergartens, primary schools, middle schools, and high schools. They were living in urban agglomerations and in smaller towns or villages. Hand and precision grips like the pincer, three-point, side, and opposition grip strength were assessed using a hand dynamometer and pinchmeter in standard positions. Results: The strength in all types of examined hand grips increases with chronological age in both genders. The grip strength was higher in the boys’ group than in the girls’ and it was higher in the right hand than in the left, but the difference was no more greater than 10%. Detailed data with standard deviation were presented in the form of a table, divided by age and sex. Conclusions: Norms for grip strength were provided for Polish children and adolescents aged 3–19, allowing therapists and physicians to compare Polish patients with that of normally developed, healthy children of the same age and sex. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Measures for Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Outcome Assessment in Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Hand Surgery)
13 pages, 1973 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Function in Patients after Calcaneal Fracture Treatment with the Ilizarov Method
by Marcin Pelc, Władysław Hryniuk, Andrzej Bobiński, Joanna Kochańska-Bieri, Łukasz Tomczyk, Daniele Pili, Wiktor Urbański, Marcin Lech and Piotr Morasiewicz
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(16), 4671; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164671 - 9 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1188
Abstract
Background: Up to 75% of calcaneal fractures are intra-articular fractures, which may severely impair foot function and lead to disability. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 21 patients with intra-articular calcaneal fractures who had been treated with the Ilizarov method in the period 2021–2022. The [...] Read more.
Background: Up to 75% of calcaneal fractures are intra-articular fractures, which may severely impair foot function and lead to disability. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 21 patients with intra-articular calcaneal fractures who had been treated with the Ilizarov method in the period 2021–2022. The mean patient age was 47 years (range 25–67 years). We analyzed the following functional parameters: foot function with a revised foot function index (FFI-R) questionnaire and the level of physical activity, with the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scale, a visual analog scale (VAS), and a Grimby physical activity level scale; and ankle range of motion. Results: We observed a significant improvement in the UCLA activity scores and Grimby activity score at long-term follow-up. Functional outcomes based on the FFI-R questionnaires showed an improvement, from 292 points prior to surgery to 127 points at follow-up, p = 0.013. The post-treatment follow-up measurements revealed a median dorsiflexion at the treated ankle joint of 20 degrees, whereas that at the intact ankle was 40 degrees, p = 0.007. The plantar flexion showed asymmetry, with a median 15 degrees at the treated ankle and 30 degrees at the intact ankle, p = 0.007. The median range of inversion at the ankle joint was 5 degrees in the treated limb and 15 degrees in the intact limb, p = 0.039. Conclusions: Patients with calcaneal fractures treated with the Ilizarov method are recommended to have a longer and more intensive rehabilitation. The range of ankle motion in the treated limb was limited in comparison with that in the intact limb; however, this did not greatly affect the patients’ return to their earlier, pre-injury level of physical activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Measures for Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Outcome Assessment in Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Hand Surgery)
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8 pages, 2267 KiB  
Article
The Direct Tendon Suture and Paratenon Repair Technique for Acute Tendinous Mallet Finger: A Case Series
by Seungjun Lee and Seokchan Eun
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(11), 3215; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13113215 - 30 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1892
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Tendinous mallet finger is a frequent deformity that occurs after an extensor tendon injury during sports or daily life activities. Despite the existence of numerous non-operative and operative techniques to address this deformity, there is a controversy on its optimal management. [...] Read more.
(1) Introduction: Tendinous mallet finger is a frequent deformity that occurs after an extensor tendon injury during sports or daily life activities. Despite the existence of numerous non-operative and operative techniques to address this deformity, there is a controversy on its optimal management. In this study, we aimed to present a direct tendon suture technique using the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint open approach for treating tendinous mallet finger injury. (2) Methods: Between 2019 and 2021, 19 patients with closed non-fracture tendinous mallet fingers underwent the direct tendon and paratenon repair technique. After skin incision, we opened the paratenon with lazy S shape incision and found the ruptured proximal and distal tendon ends. We reapproximated the tendons using a simple interrupted suture with Prolene #6/0. After that, we meticulously performed paratenon repair using PDS #6/0 for preventing readherence. Temporary trans-articular Kirschner wire fixation was used for 4 weeks. (3) Results: All patients were followed-up for 3–8 months (mean: 4.8 months). The mean final extension lag was 6.5 degrees, and the overall rate of cases with excellent and good outcomes using Crawford’s criteria was 85%. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, this surgical approach could be a reliable alternative for the treatment of tendinous mallet finger injuries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Measures for Diagnosis, Monitoring, and Outcome Assessment in Orthopedics, Traumatology, and Hand Surgery)
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