Technological Advances, Innovative Applications, and New Clinical Benefits of Computed Tomography

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Nuclear Medicine & Radiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 1898

Special Issue Editors


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Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Insubria University, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Via Guicciardini 9, Varese, Italy
Interests: interventional radiology; embolization; covered stent; visceral aneurysms; islet transplantation; interventional oncology; chemoembolization; ablation; diagnostic radiology; color Doppler ultrasound; spectral CT
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Insubria University, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Via Guicciardini 9, Varese, Italy
Interests: interventional radiology; embolization; covered stent; aortic aneurysms; interventional oncology; chemoembolization; ablation; diagnostic radiology; cone beam CT; color Doppler ultrasound; spectral CT
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following its commencement in the 1970s, computed tomography (CT) has undergone continuous technological developments, changing from a morphological imaging technique alone to one that also includes different functional parameters, e.g., tissue perfusion. Nowadays, the introduction of new dual-energy and spectral CT systems based on dual-source or dual-layer technologies are overcoming the conventional limitations of tissue characterization. Spectral reconstructions based on virtual monoenergetic images, virtual noncontrast images, iodine maps, and Z-effective images allow us to obtain images with lower radiation doses, reduced contrast agent volumes, fewer artifacts, and tissue characterization. CT systems equipped with photon-counting detectors, directly converting photons into electric signals, can improve the degree of spatial resolution, reduce noise and blooming artifacts, and accurately assess stent patency and the degree of stenosis. These technological advances, combined with innovative applications, are progressively changing the traditional working methods of the radiological community worldwide. Artificial intelligence and radiomics, which enable the automation of processes such as image segmentation or lesion detection, as well as obtaining information in terms of biomarkers, will be emphasized in this Special Issue. We welcome authors to submit papers based on technological advances and innovative applications of CT that are capable of providing new clinical benefits.

Prof. Dr. Massimo Venturini
Prof. Dr. Federico Fontana
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • computed tomography (CT)
  • spectral CT
  • dual-energy CT
  • dual-source spectral CT
  • dual-layer spectral CT
  • pho-ton-counting CT
  • photon-counting detector CT
  • spectral photon-counting CT
  • artificial intelligence
  • radiomics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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19 pages, 1865 KiB  
Review
Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in Urological Diseases: A Narrative Review
by Andrea Coppola, Luigi Tessitore, Federico Fontana, Filippo Piacentino, Chiara Recaldini, Manuela Minenna, Paolo Capogrosso, Roberto Minici, Domenico Laganà, Anna Maria Ierardi, Gianpaolo Carrafiello, Fabio D’Angelo, Giulio Carcano, Laura Maria Cacioppa, Federico Dehò and Massimo Venturini
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(14), 4069; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13144069 - 11 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Dual-Energy computed tomography (DECT) with its various advanced techniques, including Virtual Non-Contrast (VNC), effective atomic number (Z-eff) calculation, Z-maps, Iodine Density Index (IDI), and so on, holds great promise in the diagnosis and management of urogenital tumours. In this narrative review, we analyze [...] Read more.
Dual-Energy computed tomography (DECT) with its various advanced techniques, including Virtual Non-Contrast (VNC), effective atomic number (Z-eff) calculation, Z-maps, Iodine Density Index (IDI), and so on, holds great promise in the diagnosis and management of urogenital tumours. In this narrative review, we analyze the current status of knowledge of this technology to provide better lesion characterization, improve the staging accuracy, and give more precise treatment response assessments in relation to urological tumours. Full article
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27 pages, 1861 KiB  
Systematic Review
Dual-Energy CT as a Well-Established CT Modality to Reduce Contrast Media Amount: A Systematic Review from the Computed Tomography Subspecialty Section of the Italian Society of Radiology
by Susanna Guerrini, Matteo Zanoni, Cristian Sica, Giulio Bagnacci, Nicoletta Mancianti, Giuseppe Galzerano, Guido Garosi, Laura Maria Cacioppa, Michaela Cellina, Giulia A. Zamboni, Giuseppe Minetti, Chiara Floridi and Maria Antonietta Mazzei
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(21), 6345; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13216345 - 23 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Background: Our study aims to provide an overview of existing evidence regarding the image quality of dual-energy CT (DECT) employing reduced contrast media (CM) volumes, in comparison to single-energy CT (SECT) with standard CM loads. The advantages, indications, and possible applications of DECT [...] Read more.
Background: Our study aims to provide an overview of existing evidence regarding the image quality of dual-energy CT (DECT) employing reduced contrast media (CM) volumes, in comparison to single-energy CT (SECT) with standard CM loads. The advantages, indications, and possible applications of DECT were investigated from the perspective of providing better patient care, minimizing CM volume and managing CM shortage. Methods: In this systematic review (PRISMA methodology), PubMed and WOS were searched from January 2010 to January 2023 by two independent reviewers. The scan and CM characteristics, radiation dose, and results of quantitative (contrast to noise ratio, CNR, and signal to noise ratio, SNR) and qualitative assessment of image quality were collected. Sixty non-duplicated records eligible for full-text screening were examined. Results: Finally, 22 articles (1818 patients) were included. The average CM reduction with DECT ranged between 43.4 ± 11%. Despite the wide variability in CT scan protocols, no differences were found in radiation doses between DECT and SECT. Conclusions: DECT scanners allow the employment of lower CM volumes with equal or better image quality evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analyses and similar dose radiation compared to SECT. Using image reconstructions at low monochromatic energy levels, DECT increases iodine conspicuity and attenuation contributing to CM containment measures. Full article
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