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Review Special Issue Series: Recent Advances in Clinical Neurology
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Review Special Issue Series: Recent Advances in Clinical Neurology

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 1996

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Leonardo Roever

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil, MG, Brazil
2. Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health, Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
3. Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Interests: neurodegenerative diseases; psychiatric disorders; neuroimaging; neurobiology; neuroprogression; inflammation; biomarkers; brain mapping; tractography; neurocir-cuits; meta-analyses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue on “Recent Advances in Clinical Neurology” is a compilation of review articles which highlight the most recent and significant developments in the field of clinical neurology. It is designed to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest discoveries and innovations shaping the practice of neurology and improving patient care. This Special Issue seeks to serve as a valuable resource providing information to healthcare professionals, researchers, and students who need to stay up to date on the latest advances in clinical neurology. Additionally, it highlights continued progress in the understanding and treatment of neurological diseases, offering hope for patients and their families.

The topics under consideration include review articles that focus on, but are not limited to, the following potential topics:

  • Advanced neuroimaging;
  • Innovative treatments;
  • Cognitive neurology;
  • Personalized clinical neurology;
  • Biomarker assessment;
  • Artificial intelligence, mobile health in neurology;
  • Pharmacological intervention in neurology;
  • Genetics in neurology;
  • Prognosis according to comorbidities;
  • Primary and secondary prevention;
  • Epidemiological in neurology;
  • Molecular neurology.

Dr. Leonardo Roever
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • precision medicine
  • prevention
  • prognosis
  • rehabilitation
  • treatment

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1535 KiB  
Article
Variations in Cortical Oxygenation by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy According to Head Position after Acute Stroke: The Preliminary Findings of an Observational Study
by Ilaria Casetta, Anna Crepaldi, Michele Laudisi, Andrea Baroni, Jessica Gemignani, Sofia Straudi, Fabio Manfredini and Nicola Lamberti
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(13), 3914; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133914 - 3 Jul 2024
Viewed by 382
Abstract
Background: After ischemic stroke, there is no general consensus on the optimal position for the head of patients in the acute phase. This observational study aimed to measure the variations in cortical oxygenation using noninvasive functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) at different degrees [...] Read more.
Background: After ischemic stroke, there is no general consensus on the optimal position for the head of patients in the acute phase. This observational study aimed to measure the variations in cortical oxygenation using noninvasive functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) at different degrees of head positioning on a bed. Methods: Consecutive ischemic stroke patients aged 18 years or older with anterior circulation ischemic stroke within 48 h of symptom onset who could safely assume different positions on a bed were included. A 48-channel fNIRS system was placed in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex. Then, the bed of each patient was moved into four consecutive positions: (1) seated (90° angle between the head and bed surface); (2) lying at 30°; (3) seated again (90°); and (4) lying flat (0°). Each position was maintained for 90 s; the test was conducted 48 h after stroke onset and after 5 ± 1 days. The variations in oxygenated hemoglobin in the global brain surface and for each hemisphere were recorded and compared. Results: Twenty-one patients were included (males, n = 11; age, 79 ± 9 years; ASPECTS, 8 ± 2). When evaluating the affected side, the median oxygenation was significantly greater in the lying-flat (0°) and 30° positions than in the 90° position (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). No significant differences between the supine position and the 30° position were found, although oxygenation was slightly lower in the 30° position than in the supine position (p = 0.063). No differences were observed when comparing recanalized and nonrecanalized patients separately or according to stroke severity. The evaluation conducted 5 days after the stroke confirmed the previous data, with a significant difference in oxygenation at 0° and 30° compared to 90°. Conclusions: This preliminary study suggested that there are no substantial differences in brain oxygenation between the lying-flat head position and the 30° laying position. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Special Issue Series: Recent Advances in Clinical Neurology)
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21 pages, 1414 KiB  
Article
Health-Related Quality of Life in Romanian Patients with Dystonia: An Exploratory Study
by Ovidiu Lucian Băjenaru, Cătălina Raluca Nuță, Lidia Băjenaru, Alexandru Balog, Alexandru Constantinescu, Octavian Andronic and Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(12), 3403; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13123403 - 11 Jun 2024
Viewed by 435
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that lead to abnormal movements and postures; it has a major impact on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study was to examine the HRQoL of [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that lead to abnormal movements and postures; it has a major impact on patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study was to examine the HRQoL of Romanian patients with dystonia using the EQ-5D-5L instrument. Methods: Responses to the EQ-5D-5L and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were collected alongside demographic and clinical characteristics. Health profiles were analyzed via the metrics of the EQ-5D-5L, severity levels, and age groups. Using Shannon’s indexes, we calculated informativity both for patients’ health profile as a whole and each individual dimension. Level sum scores (LSS) of the EQ-5D-5L were calculated and compared with scores from the EQ-5D-5L index and VAS. The HRQoL measures were analyzed through demographic and clinical characteristics. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and non-parametric tests (Mann–Whitney U or Kruskall–Wallis H) were used. The level of agreement between HRQoL measures was assessed using their intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots. Results: A sample of 90 patients was used, around 75.6% of whom were female patients, and the mean age at the beginning of the survey was 58.7 years. The proportion of patients reporting “no problems” in all five dimensions was 10%. The highest frequency reported was “no problems” in self-care (66%), followed by “no problems” in mobility (41%). Shannon index and Shannon evenness index values showed higher informativity for pain/discomfort (2.07 and 0.89, respectively) and minimal informativity for self-care (1.59 and 0.68, respectively). The mean EQ-5D-5L index, LSS, and VAS scores were 0.74 (SD = 0.26), 0.70 (SD = 0.24), and 0.61 (SD = 0.21), respectively. The Spearman correlations between HRQoL measures were higher than 0.60. The agreement between the EQ-5D-5L index and LSS values was excellent (ICC = 0.970, 95% CI = 0.934–0.984); the agreement was poor-to-good between the EQ-5D-5L index and VAS scores (ICC = 683, 95% CI = 0.388–0.820), and moderate-to-good between the LSS and VAS scores (ICC = 0.789, 95% CI = 0.593–0.862). Conclusions: Our results support the utilization of the EQ-5D-5L instrument in assessing the HRQoL of dystonia patients, and empirical results suggest that the EQ-5D-5L index and LSS measure may be used interchangeably. The findings from this study highlight that HRQoL is complex in patients with dystonia, particularly across different age groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Special Issue Series: Recent Advances in Clinical Neurology)
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Review

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29 pages, 1577 KiB  
Review
Alzheimer’s Disease and Epilepsy: Exploring Shared Pathways and Promising Biomarkers for Future Treatments
by Athanasios-Christos Kalyvas, Maria Dimitriou, Panagiotis Ioannidis, Nikolaos Grigoriadis and Theodora Afrantou
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(13), 3879; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13133879 - 1 Jul 2024
Viewed by 556
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and epilepsy represent two complex neurological disorders with distinct clinical manifestations, yet recent research has highlighted their intricate interplay. This review examines the association between AD and epilepsy, with particular emphasis on late-onset epilepsy of unknown etiology, increasingly [...] Read more.
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and epilepsy represent two complex neurological disorders with distinct clinical manifestations, yet recent research has highlighted their intricate interplay. This review examines the association between AD and epilepsy, with particular emphasis on late-onset epilepsy of unknown etiology, increasingly acknowledged as a prodrome of AD. It delves into epidemiology, pathogenic mechanisms, clinical features, diagnostic characteristics, treatment strategies, and emerging biomarkers to provide a comprehensive understanding of this relationship. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted, identifying 128 relevant articles published between 2018 and 2024. Results: Findings underscore a bidirectional relationship between AD and epilepsy, indicating shared pathogenic pathways that extend beyond traditional amyloid-beta and Tau protein pathology. These pathways encompass neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, structural and network alterations, as well as molecular mechanisms. Notably, epileptic activity in AD patients may exacerbate cognitive decline, necessitating prompt detection and treatment. Novel biomarkers, such as subclinical epileptiform activity detected via advanced electroencephalographic techniques, offer promise for early diagnosis and targeted interventions. Furthermore, emerging therapeutic approaches targeting shared pathogenic mechanisms hold potential for disease modification in both AD and epilepsy. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between AD and epilepsy, providing insights into future research directions. Clinical data and diagnostic methods are also reviewed, enabling clinicians to implement more effective treatment strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Review Special Issue Series: Recent Advances in Clinical Neurology)
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